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Neuro Terms > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Phonagnosia

A

Disorder where people have great difficulty recognizing voices. Results from localized brain damage to the right superior temporal cortex

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2
Q

Aphasia

A

Disturbance in understanding, repeating, or producing meaningful speech

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3
Q

(Aphasia) Damage to the frontal lobe causes deficits in

A

Speaking. Ex. Anterior aphasia, motor aphasia, expressive aphasia, Broca’s aphasia, non-fluent aphasia

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4
Q

(Aphasia) Damage to sensory association cortex (back half of the brain) causes deficits in

A

Understanding language. Ex. Posterior aphasia, sensory aphasia, receptive aphasia, wernicke’s aphasia, fluent aphasia

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5
Q

Global aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? No
Comprehends? No
Repeats? No

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6
Q

Mixed transcortical aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? No
Comprehends? No
Repeats? Yes

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7
Q

Broca’s aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? No
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? No

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8
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? No
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? Yes

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9
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? No
Repeats? No

Poor language comprehension. Cannot repeat because no understanding of the language

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10
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? No
Repeats? Yes

Video of the guy talking without meaning. Unaware of deficit, not frustrated, not trying to convey meaning

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11
Q

Conduction aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? No

Inability to repeat the exact words you hear. When asked to repeat the word «house», the person may say «home». Have to understand word to be able to repeat something. Hearing-understanding-saying is the only pathway available.

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12
Q

Anomic aphasia

Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?

A

Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? Yes

Mild. might have trouble retrieving specific words, especially nouns and verbs.

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13
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Speaking.
-word choice
-sequencing
-grammar
-articulation

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14
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Spoken word perception. Recognizing sound as a word.

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15
Q

What area is around the Wernicke’s area?

A

Posterior language area

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16
Q

What is the posterior language area critical for?

A

Language comprehension.

If a DOG neuron in the posterior language area is activated, it then activates the whole network throughout sensory association cortices that is associated with the word DOG

17
Q

What happens if there is damage to the posterior language area?

A

Affects speech comprehension. So if the only damage = Transcortical sensory aphasia

18
Q

What connection is damaged in the conduction aphasia

A

The connection between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area: the arcuate fasciculus

19
Q

What happens if there is damage to Wernicke’s area?

A

Pure word deafness. Can hear just fine, interpret non-speech sounds, read and write, read lips, speak intelligently but cannot recognize the words they are saying by listening to themselves. Over time, speech becomes a bit awkward.

20
Q

Whats the difference between transcortical sensory aphasia and wernicke’s aphasia?

A

People with transcortical sensory aphasia can still repeat what other people say. They can recognize spoken words.

People with Wernicke’s aphasia cannot repeat what other people say. They cannot understand spoken words

21
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia & wernicke’s aphasia. Associated with damage where?

A

Around Wernicke’s area, including Posterior language area

22
Q

What area identifies written words?

A

Visual word form area (VWFA)

23
Q

What happens if damage to visual word-form area (VWFA) ?

A

Pure alexia or pure word blindness

People cannot read, as they cannot recognize written words. But can write just fine. They just cannot read what they write

24
Q

What happens to someone with damage to left primary visual cortex?

A

Person can still recognize words because of corpus callosum. Information can get to VWFA

25
Q

What happens to someone with damage to both left primary visual cortex and posterior corpus callosum?

A

Information cant make it to the other side of the brain where it can be recognize as a written word (VWFA) because no corpus callosum

26
Q

What is surface dylexia?

A

An inability to recognize whole-words. The person can only read words phonetically (sounds of letters)

27
Q

What is phonological dyslexia?

A

Reading disorder in which a person can read familiar words but has difficulty reading unfamiliar words or nonwords. (No phonetic coding)

28
Q

What is direct dyslexia?

A

ability to read words aloud but inability to understand what is being read. no connexion between visual written word perception and language comprehension.

29
Q

What are the three issues with Broca’s aphasia?

A

Possible to have just one of them:
1- articulation problems. Movement of tongue, lips, jaw…
2- agrammatism. Difficulty with grammar: verb endings, word order… (cow and horse)
3- anomia. Difficulty to find appropriate word. So they use circumlocution «the thing that makes the water boil».

In general, easier to comprehend speech than to produce it for them. But still comprehension deficits

30
Q

What are subvocal articulations

A

Very slight movements of the muscles involved in speech that do not actually cause obvious movement. It activates broca’s area.

31
Q

Sluttering in french

A

Bégaiement

32
Q

What is dysgraphia?

A

Trouble with writing

33
Q

Spelling a word can be done by 2 different approaches:

A

1- phonetically sounding out the word
2- visually imagining the word

34
Q

How is it called when people cannot spell words by sounding them out?

A

Phonological dysgraphia.

35
Q

What is orthographic dysgraphia

A

A condition where people cannot spell words by visualizing them

Neuro Terms (11 decks)

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