Language Flashcards
Phonagnosia
Disorder where people have great difficulty recognizing voices. Results from localized brain damage to the right superior temporal cortex
Aphasia
Disturbance in understanding, repeating, or producing meaningful speech
(Aphasia) Damage to the frontal lobe causes deficits in
Speaking. Ex. Anterior aphasia, motor aphasia, expressive aphasia, Broca’s aphasia, non-fluent aphasia
(Aphasia) Damage to sensory association cortex (back half of the brain) causes deficits in
Understanding language. Ex. Posterior aphasia, sensory aphasia, receptive aphasia, wernicke’s aphasia, fluent aphasia
Global aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? No
Comprehends? No
Repeats? No
Mixed transcortical aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? No
Comprehends? No
Repeats? Yes
Broca’s aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? No
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? No
Transcortical motor aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? No
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? Yes
Wernicke’s aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? No
Repeats? No
Poor language comprehension. Cannot repeat because no understanding of the language
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? No
Repeats? Yes
Video of the guy talking without meaning. Unaware of deficit, not frustrated, not trying to convey meaning
Conduction aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? No
Inability to repeat the exact words you hear. When asked to repeat the word «house», the person may say «home». Have to understand word to be able to repeat something. Hearing-understanding-saying is the only pathway available.
Anomic aphasia
Fluent?
Comprehends?
Repeats?
Fluent? Yes
Comprehends? Yes
Repeats? Yes
Mild. might have trouble retrieving specific words, especially nouns and verbs.
What is Broca’s area responsible for?
Speaking.
-word choice
-sequencing
-grammar
-articulation
What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?
Spoken word perception. Recognizing sound as a word.
What area is around the Wernicke’s area?
Posterior language area
What is the posterior language area critical for?
Language comprehension.
If a DOG neuron in the posterior language area is activated, it then activates the whole network throughout sensory association cortices that is associated with the word DOG
What happens if there is damage to the posterior language area?
Affects speech comprehension. So if the only damage = Transcortical sensory aphasia
What connection is damaged in the conduction aphasia
The connection between Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area: the arcuate fasciculus
What happens if there is damage to Wernicke’s area?
Pure word deafness. Can hear just fine, interpret non-speech sounds, read and write, read lips, speak intelligently but cannot recognize the words they are saying by listening to themselves. Over time, speech becomes a bit awkward.
Whats the difference between transcortical sensory aphasia and wernicke’s aphasia?
People with transcortical sensory aphasia can still repeat what other people say. They can recognize spoken words.
People with Wernicke’s aphasia cannot repeat what other people say. They cannot understand spoken words
Transcortical sensory aphasia & wernicke’s aphasia. Associated with damage where?
Around Wernicke’s area, including Posterior language area
What area identifies written words?
Visual word form area (VWFA)
What happens if damage to visual word-form area (VWFA) ?
Pure alexia or pure word blindness
People cannot read, as they cannot recognize written words. But can write just fine. They just cannot read what they write
What happens to someone with damage to left primary visual cortex?
Person can still recognize words because of corpus callosum. Information can get to VWFA
