Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognition > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

what is a language?

A

a shared symbolic system for purposeful communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do we have so many languages?

A

vocabulary is shaped by environment and culture and what needs to be communicated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are lexical tones determined by?

A

partly by climate. more lexical tones in warmer climate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Aphasia?

A

impaired language function from brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

intact language comprehension but impairments with speech production caused by damage to Broca’s area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

inferior frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the severity of Broca’s aphasia depend on?

A

the amount of damage to the Broca’s area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Ability to produce speech but the content is not meaningful or comprehensible caused by damage to the superior temporal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are paraphasias?

A

language errors or the misuse of words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is verbal paraphasia?

A

substituting a word with something semantically-related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is phonemic (literal) paraphasia?

A

swapping or adding speech sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a neologism?

A

using a made-up word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is conduction Aphasia?

A

when you have an inability for info to be transmitted from wernicke’s to boca’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is psycholinguistics?

A

studying how we comprehend, produce and represent language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are phonemes?

A

smallest linguistic units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are morphemes and words?

A

the smallest meaningful units of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are semantics?

A

the meaning

18
Q

what is linguistic competence?

A

an internalized system of rules for language

19
Q

What is linguistic performance?

A

dependent on competence mixed with cognitive factors and situational factors

20
Q

What is the finite state grammar model?

A

rule system for forming sentences that operates one word by one word in one linear direction

21
Q

What are the problems with the finite state grammar model?

A
  • limits the choices for next state

- system can’t explain complexity in sentence generation

22
Q

what are phase structure rules?

A

implicit and convert symbols to constrain language at the sentence level

23
Q

What are ambiguous sentences?

A

Phrase structures de can be interpreted with different meanings

24
Q

what are garden path sentences?

A

Grammatical sentences that are interpreted incorrectly because of the rulesthat are applied

25
Q

What is transformational grammar?

A

Special grammatical transformational rules that convert a full phrase between the phrase structure (surface phonological structure) and deep structure (semantic meaning)

26
Q

what is the innateness hypothesis?

A

We have an innate set of learning tools, Language Acquisition Device

27
Q

What is the poverty of stimulus argument?

A

the poverty of stimulus argument states that the linguistic environment of a child is not sufficient to allow that child to learn a language, yet child still learn language so rapidly

28
Q

What is the nativist view?

A

The relationship between language and thought changes overdevelopment/as we learn

29
Q

What is the language of thought hypothesis?

A

single determined mental language that guides our thoughts that is innate.

30
Q

What is linguistic relativity?

A

it suggests that language and thought are dependent

31
Q

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A

linguistic determinism states a person’s thoughts are determined by language

32
Q

What is intrinsic frame?

A

spatial relations described in relation to objects

33
Q

What is relative frame?

A

spatial relations described from an observer’s viewpoint

34
Q

What is absolute frame?

A

spatial relations described as map coordinates

35
Q

What is surface dyslexia?

A

person is impaired at producing irregular pronounced words

36
Q

what is Phonological dyslexia?

A

when a person is impaired at reading non-words or new words

37
Q

What is the cooperative principle?

A

when we engage in convo, weaccept this principlethat people follow certain maxim’s or rules

38
Q

What are prices maxims?

A
  • Maxim of quantity: say no more than is necessary but not too little
  • Maxim of quality: say what is truthful
  • Maxim of relation: Attempt to be relevant to the conversation
  • Maxim of manner: Avoid ambiguity, be clear and brief
39
Q

What are problems with maxims?

A
  • overlap with one another
  • not universally applicable
  • more like a guideline for etiquette
40
Q

what is Given-new contract?

A

Expect people to give us info we already know before we are given new info

41
Q

How does gendered language affect gender inequality?

A

the more gendered language, the more inequality.

Cognition (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions