Lang science; typical lang development Flashcards
receptive language
comprehension and understanding of language, typically precedes expressive language
expressive language
language production, ability to put thoughts into spoken and written words
3 components of language
form, content, and use
5 domains of language
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics
How do the domains fit into the components?
form - phonology, morphology, syntax
content - semantics
use - pragmatics
which component is the structure of language?
form
which component is the why and how of language?
use
which component is the meaning of language?
content
phonology
study of sound system of a given language, including all the sounds and rules for combining sounds to form words
morpheme
smallest unit of language that has meaning (can be whole word, prefix or suffix)
free morphemes
can stand alone (nouns adjectives etc.) ex: purple, cat, play
bound morphemes
can appear only as part of a free morpheme, can change meaning of a free morpheme (prefixes and suffixes) ex: plural and possessive -s, un, pre, anti, ment, ly
T/F: one word can have multiple bound morphemes
True. “pleasingly” has one free morpheme (please) and two bound (-ing, -ly)
syntax
structure of sentences
semantics
study of word meanings, kids use language by attaching meaning to a particular phonological sequence they have been hearing
pragmatics
social use of language - why and how we use it, mostly learned without explicit teaching
3 pragmatics (why and how) examples
-using language for different reasons (persuade, inform, comedy)
-changing language for the listener or situation (friends, professional, baby)
-following conversational storytelling rules (quality, quantity, relevance, emphasizing words, nonverbal comm)
all domains of language are very ___________ specific
language
about what age does intentional communication emerge?
8-9 months
intentional communication
request objects and actions, protest, comment
intentional communication examples
gesture and vocalizations with coordinated gaze
protowords (9-12 mo)
a child’s invented words that they use to refer to something
protoword examples
-names for grandparents
-“deedee” means open my goldfish bag
at 10-16 months words are relatively stable, close to ______ _______, tied to a specific context
adult model
vocalizations
approximations of adult words (CV combos first: “ba” for ball, CVCV later: “dada” for daddy)
once kids have about ____ words, they will start to combine two words (18-24 mo)
50
mean length of utterance (MLU) =
total # of morphemes / total # of utterances
foundations for reading and writing begin in ______ ________
early infancy
