Exam 1 - Anatomy & Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

using your lips, teeth, tongue, etc. to make sounds like “b” or “m” or “s”

Question 2

Voice

Answer 2

how we use our larynx to produce sounds

Question 2

3 divisions (subsystems of speech)

Answer 2

respiratory system (power), phonatory system (source), resonance system (filter)

Question 2

Fluency

Answer 2

the rhythm and smoothness of speech

Question 3

Resonance

Answer 3

shaping speech sounds

Question 4

Phonation

Answer 4

vocal folds vibrating to make sounds

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

breath support from your lungs

Question 6

Speech breathing vs. relaxed breathing

Answer 6

speech: fast, large inhale, long exhale
relaxed: equal inhale and exhale time (short)

Question 7

vital capacity

Answer 7

full volume of air that can be expelled from lungs after full inspiration

Question 8

2 functions of larynx

Answer 8

protection (from aspiration) and speech production

Question 9

Phonation

Answer 9

vocal folds vibrate to produce sound

Question 10

Larynx primary structures

Answer 10

hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages, epiglottis

Question 11

Sound is changed by the ______ of the pharynx (_____), velopharynx (____________ ______), and oral cavity

Answer 11

shape
throat
velopharyngeal port

Question 12

Alveolar Ridge

Answer 12

just behind front teeth on hard palate (maxilla) point of contact for several sounds (“t”, “th”)

Question 13

3 types of neurons

Answer 13

sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 14

Afferent vs. Efferent tracts

Answer 14

Afferent: going towards brain (arrive)
Efferent: away from brain (exit)

Question 15

3 main divisions of brain

Answer 15

brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum

Question 16

Brainstem

Answer 16

HR, BP, breathing, sleep, swallowing, bladder control, sensory, motor

Question 17

Cerebellum

Answer 17

control center for movement - rate, range, force, coordination, posture, balance (very complicated, more than just movement, speech motor control)

Question 18

Cerebrum has two ________, two _____________, four ________

Answer 18

layers (white and gray matter)
hemispheres (left and right)
lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital)

Question 19

Meninges

Answer 19

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 20

Cerebral spinal fluid (flows between ________ and ______ mater). Function:

Answer 20

arachnoid, pia
flows through ventricles, and spinal cord, gives cushion/shock absorption, lets brain float, clears waste

Question 21

Gray matter

Answer 21

outer part, processing and regulating info

Question 22

White Matter

Answer 22

inner part, composed of axons covered in white myelin sheath

Question 23

Motor cortex in ________ lobe, sensory cortex in _________ lobe. separated by central ________

Answer 23

frontal parietal sulcus

Question 24

Which lobe has most connection to speech and language?

Answer 24

Frontal

Question 25

Frontal lobe has _________ area (left/right), and __________ ________ cortex

Answer 25

Broca's (speech production) left primary motor

Question 26

Parietal lobe receives info from ________ ___________

Answer 26

external environment

Question 27

Proprioception

Answer 27

knowing where your body is in space

Question 28

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 28

receives and processes tactile information coming at body as well as proprioceptive info

Question 29

Left temporal lobe

Answer 29

Wernicke's area: auditory comprehension of verbal language

Question 30

Right temporal lobe

Answer 30

comprehension of meaningful environmental (non-linguistic stimuli)

Question 31

non-linguistic stimuli examples

Answer 31

music, different types of sirens, phone call vs. alarm, dog barking, birds chirping

Question 32

Occipital lobe

Answer 32

visual processing

Question 33

Basal ganglia

Answer 33

movement control, cognition, emotions

Question 34

Basal ganglia damage leads to _____________ and _____________ disorders

Answer 34

hypokinetic hyperkinetic

Question 35

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves?

Answer 35

12 cranial, 31 spinal

Question 36

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 36

Trigeminal (both): Face and mouth, jaw muscles (chewing), taste for anterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 37

Cranial nerve VII

Answer 37

Facial (both): face and lips

Question 38

Cranial nerve VIII

Answer 38

Vestibulocochlear (sensory): hearing and balance

Question 39

Cranial nerve IX

Answer 39

Glossopharyngeal (both):

Question 40

Cranial nerve X

Answer 40

Vagus (both): vocal cords, raising the velum

Question 41

Cranial nerve XII

Answer 41

Hypoglossal (motor): tongue