(2) Adult Cog-Comm Disorders

Question 1

Adult cog-comm disorder: any aspect of communication that is affected by __________ ____________ (give examples)

Answer 1

disrupted cognition
(problem-solving, attention, memory, executive functioning, etc.)

Question 2

dementia is always _____________, eventually interferes with daily living and ____________ functioning

Answer 2

progressive
independent

Question 3

dementia causes behavioral problems that interfere with _____________

Answer 3

communication

Question 4

is dementia a disease?

Answer 4

NO. It’s caused by 50+ diseases, it’s a nonspecific syndrome

Question 5

most dementias are due to ___________ and/or ____________ changes

Answer 5

structural
chemical

Question 6

Alzheimer’s accounts for about ____% of all dementia

Answer 6

70

Question 7

Is Alzheimer’s more common in men or women?

Answer 7

women

Question 8

causes/links?

Answer 8

uncertain on cause, neural plaques and tangles
possible genetic link
old age, down syndrome, history of head trauma

Question 9

early stages of dementia (a few years prior to diagnosis)

Answer 9

mild memory and word-finding deficits, sometimes loss of smell

Question 10

late stage dementia

Answer 10

other functions besides memory and language shut down like swallowing and bladder control

Question 11

other dementia symptoms

Answer 11

repetition, sleep issues and sundowning, hallucinations/suspicion, anxiety, anger, aggression, dysphagia

Question 12

MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment)

Answer 12

for dementia, assesses short term memory, working memory, visuospatial abilities, EF, attention and concentration, language, orientation in time and place

Question 13

SLP’s role in dementia treatment

Answer 13

help person stay independent, maintain functioning for as long as possible, educate caregivers and loved ones

Question 14

examples of things an SLP will give dementia patients

Answer 14

visual cues like post-its on cabinets, memory aides like book of important people and events, identification cards (“I have dementia, you can help me by… if I need help please call…”)

Question 15

TBI

Answer 15

when a blow, jolt, or penetration to the head disrupts normal function of the brain, severity may range from mild to severe

Question 16

What percent of Americans have long-term or lifelong need for help to perform activities of daily living as a result of TBI?

Answer 16

2%

Question 17

What functional changes do TBIs cause?

Answer 17

thinking, sensation, language, behavior and emotions

Question 18

4 types of brain injuries

Answer 18

hematoma, hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, axonic/hypoxic

Question 19

Hematoma

Answer 19

pooling of blood (various locations)

Question 20

Hemorrhage

Answer 20

bleeding in the brain (various locations)

Question 21

diffuse axonal injury

Answer 21

microscopic shearing of axons

Question 22

axonic/hypoxic

Answer 22

absent flow/reduced blood flow (not caused by things like blows to the head, can happen when you almost drown)

Question 23

Which lobe is almost always damaged in a TBI?

Answer 23

frontal lobe

Question 24

Why is frontal lobe damage so common in TBIs?

Answer 24

brain moves against bony protrusions behind eyes

Question 25

Confabulation

Answer 25

not lying, you are unconsciously filling the gaps in your memory with things that make sense to you.

Question 26

Are there typically isolated impairments in TBIs?

Answer 26

no, it's usually a wide range of issues

Question 27

SLP's role

Answer 27

to achieve the highest level of independent functioning in daily living

Question 28

list things that SLPs do for/give to patients

Answer 28

language and communication help, memory books, to-do lists, calendars, problem-solving, organization, planning, social skills, etc.

Question 29

unintentionally lying because you're confused, you think that is what happened. People can be very sure that that is what happened to them because it makes the most sense.

Answer 29

confabulation