LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE Flashcards
actual forest cover is different from area
classified as forest.
Land-use records are maintained by
land revenue department.
Barren and Wastelands :
cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology.
Land put to Non-agricultural Uses:
Land under settlements (rural and urban), infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.), industries, shops, etc., are included in this category.
Area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands
Most of this type land is owned by the village ‘Panchayat’ or the Government.
The land owned by the village panchayat comes under ‘Common Property Resources’.
Area under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves (Not included in Net sown Area)
The land under orchards and fruit trees are included in this category. Much of this land is privately owned.
Culturable Wasteland
Any land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is included in this category. It can be brought under cultivation after improving it through reclamation practices.
CurrentFallow:
This is the land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year. Fallowing is a cultural practice adopted for giving the land rest. The land recoups the lost fertility through natural processes.
Fallow other than Current Fallow
This is also a cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years. If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorised as culturable wasteland.
Net Area Sown:
The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harvested is known as net sown area.
The kharif season largely coincides ____________, under which the cultivation of ____________
with Southwest Monsoon, tropical crops, such as rice, cotton, jute, jowar, bajra and tur is possible
The rabi season begins with the __________ and ends in ________. The _______ temperature conditions during this season facilitate the cultivation of ____________ such as __________
onset of winter in October-November, March-April, low temperate and subtropical crops wheat, gram and mustard.
Zaid is a short duration _______ cropping season beginning after harvesting of _____- crops. The cultivation of _____________during this season is done on irrigated lands.
summer
rabi
watermelons, cucumbers, vegetables and fodder crops
distinction in the cropping season does not exist in ______ parts of the country.
southern
temperature is high enough to grow tropical crops during any period in the year provided the soil moisture is available.
Southern part of the country
On the basis of main source of moisture for crops, the farming can be classified as
irrigated and rainfed (barani).
Irritgation of how many types
Protective or productive
The objective of protective irrigation is to
protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency which often means that irrigation acts as a supplementary source of water over and above the rainfall. The strategy of this kind of irrigation is to provide soil moisture to maximum possible area.
Productive irrigation
meant to provide sufficient soil moisture in the cropping season to achieve high productivity. In such irrigation the water input per unit area of cultivated land is higher than protective irrigation.
Rainfed farming is further classified on the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during cropping season into
dryland and wetland farming.
In India, the dryland farming is largely confined to the regions having annual rainfall
less than 75 cm.
dryland farming crops
These regions grow hardy and drought resistant crops such as ragi, bajra, moong, gram and guar (fodder crops) and practise various measures of soil moisture conservation and rain water harvesting.
wetland farming, the rainfall is in excess of soil moisture requirement of plants during rainy season. Such regions may face flood and soil erosion hazards. These areas grow various water intensive crops such as
rice, jute and sugarcane and practise aquaculture in the fresh water bodies.
two-third of total cropped area in the country
foodgrains
On the basis of the structure of grain the foodgrains are classified as
cereals and pulses.
The cereals occupy about ______ of total cropped area in India.
54 per cent
The country produces about ________ cereals of the world and ranks third in production after China and U.S.A.
11 per cent
Classification of cereals
fine grains and coarse grains
fine grains
(rice, wheat)
coarse grains
(jowar, bajra, maize, ragi)
3 crops of rice in WB
aus
aman
boro
Rice grown as Kharif
Himalaya + southwest monsoon season
rice a crop of
tropical humid areas
rice grown from sea level to
2000 m
India’s contribution to the rice production
21.2 , second after China
fraction of area under rice production
1/4
India produces about _____ per cent of total wheat production of world
12.3
It is primarily a crop of temperate zone.
Wheat, Rabi
Wheat it is a rainfed crop in _______
Himalayan highlands and parts of Malwa plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
About________cent of the total cropped area in the country is under wheat cultivation.
14 per
The yield level of wheat is very high _________ in Punjab and Haryana whereas, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar have moderate yields
(above 4,000 k.g. per ha)
The coarse cereals together occupy about________of total cropped area in the country.
16.50 per cent
In coarse grains, jowar or sorghum alone accounts for about _______ of total cropped area.
5.3 per cent
_______ alone produces more than half of the total jowar production of the country.
Maharashtra
Other leading producer states of jowar are
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
It is sown in both kharif and rabi seasons in southern states
Jowar
it is a kharif crop in northern India where it is mostly grown as a fodder crop.
Jowar
South of Vindhyachal it is a rainfed crop and its yield level is very low in this region.
Jowar
x is sown in hot and dry climatic conditions in northwestern and western parts of the country
Bajra
This coarse cereal occupies about 5.2 per cent of total cropped area in the country.
Bajra
Leading producers of bajra are the states of
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana
x is a food as well as fodder crop grown under semi-arid climatic conditions and over inferior soils.
Maize
This crop occupies only about 3.6 per cent of total cropped area.
Maize
Maize is sown all over India except________
Punjab and eastern and north-eastern regions.
The leading producers of maize are the states of
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh
Yield level of ______ is higher than other coarse cereals. It is high in southern states and declines towards central parts.
maize
The cultivation of pulses in the country is largely concentrated in
the drylands of Deccan and central plateaus and northwestern parts of the country.
Pulses occupy about _____ of the total cropped area in the country
11 per cent
Pulses are rain fed or irrigated?
rain fed
Bajra is rained or irrigated?
rained
_______ are the main pulses cultivated in India.
Gram and t u r
Gram is cultivated in
subtropical areas
Gram is mostly a rainfed crop cultivated during
rabi season in central, western and northwestern parts of the country.
At present, gram covers only about_________ of the total cropped area in the country.
2.8 per cent
Gram growing state
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Rajasthan are the main producers of this pulse crop
_____ is the second important pulse crop in the country. It is also known as red gram or pigeon pea.
Tur
tur/ arhar rain fed or not
yes rain fed
Tur occupies how much area?
This crop occupies only about 2 per cent of total cropped area of India.
_________ alone contributes about one-third of the total production of tur
Maharashtra
Tur- leading producer states are
Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.
oilseeds growing regions of India
Drylands of Malwa plateau, Marathwada, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana, Rayalseema region of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka plateau are
oilseeds together occupy about
14 per cent of total cropped area in the country.
__________ are the main oilseed crops grown in India.
Groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, soyabean and sunflower
India produces about ________ of the total groundnut production in the world
16.6 per cent
Groundnuts are largely a k or r crops?
kharif crop of drylands.
Groundnut in southern India, it is cultivated during _________ as well.
rabi season
Ground nut covers area
3.6
leading producers of ground nut
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra are the leading producers
Yield of groundnut is high and low where
Yield of groundnut is comparatively high in Tamil Nadu where it is partly irrigated. But its yield is low in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
Rapeseed and mustard comprise several oilseeds as
rai, sarson, toria and taramira.
rapeseed and mustard are subtropical crops cultivated during
rabi season in north-western and central parts of India
These are frost sensitive crops
rapeseed and mustard
About two-third of the cultivated area under these crops is irrigated.
rapeseed and mustard
These oilseeds together occupy only about 2.5 per cent of total cropped area in the country.
rapeseed and mustard
rapeseed and mustard growing states
Rajasthan contributes about one-third production while other leading producers are Haryana and Madhya Pradesh
Soyabean is mostly grown in
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
