Land Navigation/Map Reading Flashcards
What is the Field Manual for map reading and land navigation?
FM 3-25.26
What are the basic colors of a map and what do they represent?
- Black: man-made features such as building and roads; elevations and labels
- Red-Brown: cultural features, relief features, elevation and contour lines on a red-light readable map
- Blue: hydrography; water features
- Green: vegetation with military significance(woods, orchards)
- Brown: relief features, elevation, contour lines on older edition maps
- Red: cultural features such as populated areas and boundaries
- Other: special information
What are Military symbols?
Figures used to represent types of military organizations, installations and activities
Where is the Legend of the map found?
Lower left margin
What are contour lines?
Imaginary lines that represent elevation
What are 3 types of contour lines?
- Index
- Intermediate
- Supplementary
How many Miles are in one Degree?
17.7 mile
How many Norths are there on a military map?
Three:
- True North
- Magnetic North
- Grind North
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a hill?
Concentric circles(small circle inside of another circle)
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a saddle?
Hourglass
What shape are the contour lines that represent a valley?
U-shaped or V-shaped
What shape are the contour lines that represent a Ridge?
U-shaped or V-shaped
Closed end points away from high ground
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a depression?
Closed contour lines that have tick marks pointing toward low ground
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a draw?
U-shaped or V-shaped
Pointing toward high ground
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a spur?
U-shaped or V-shapes pointing away from high ground
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a cliff?
Lines very close together, in some instances, touching each other
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a cut?
Contour lines with rick marks that extend from the cut line to the roadbed
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a fill?
Contour lines with rick marks that point toward lower ground
What must be done to a map before it can be used?
It must be oriented
What are 5 major terrain features?
- Hill
- Valley
- Ridge
- Saddle
- Depression
What are 3 minor terrain features?
- Draw
- Cliff
- Spur
What are 2 supplementary terrain features?
- Cut
2. Fill
What is a map?
Graphic representation of a portion of the Earth’s surface drawn to scale, as seen from above
What is an azimuth?
Horizontal angle, measured in a clockwise manner from a north base line, expressing direction
What is vertical distance?
Distance between the highest and lowest points measured
What is a contour interval?
Vertical distance between adjacent contour lines on a map
What is the distance between grid lines on a combat map?
1 kilometer or 1000 meters
How many miles are there in a circle?
6400 mile in 360 degrees
Which north is used when using a military map?
Magnetic north when using a compass, and grid north when using the map
How would you hold a lensatic compass?
Level and firm, away from metal
Name 2 ways to hold a compass
- Compass-to-cheek method
2. Center-hold method
Are topographic symbols drawn to scale?
No
What do topographic symbols represent?
Man-made and natural features
In military symbols, what colors are used for a map overlay and what do they represent?
- Blue- friendly forces
- Red- enemy forces
- Black- boundaries
- Yellow- contaminated areas
- Green- engineer obstacles
What is a back azimuth?
Opposite direction of an azimuth
How do you figure out a back azimuth?
Add 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or less. Subtract 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or more
What is a declination diagram?
Shows the angular relationship between the magnetic north, grid north and true north
What is the general rule for reading military grid coordinates?
Right and up
How many sights does a compass have?
2
What is a benchmark?
Man-made marker showing points of elevation
What are parallels of latitude?
Measured distances going north or south of the equator
What is an aerial photograph?
Any photograph taken from an airborne vehicle
What does UTM stand for?
Universal Transverse Mercator
The lensatic compass has a bezel ring; each bezel ring click is equal to how many degrees?
3
How many ties would the bezel ring click if it were fully rotated?
120
Large cities on a map are represented by what color?
Black
Name two ways to orient a map.
Compass and terrain association
What is the Field Manual for Operational Terms and Graphics?
FM 1-02
The arrow on a compass always points in what direction?
Magnetic north
What does the term FLOT mean?
Forward Line of Troops
What are the alternate colors on a map and what do they mean?
- Gray- alternate for brown
- Yellow- built up areas
- Pink- political boundaries
What is longitude?
Imaginary lines that run north to south, measured in degrees
What is a topographic map?
Portrays terrain and land forms in a measurable way
What is a small-scale map?
1:1,000,000 and smaller; used for general planning and strategic studies
What is a medium-scale map?
Larger than 1:1,000,000 but smaller than 1:75,000; used for operational planning
What is a large-scale map?
1:75,000 and larger; used for tactical, administrative and logistical planning
What does the term intersection mean?
Finding the location of an unknown point by sighting two or more known points
Why is a map so important?
When used correctly it can give you accurate distances, locations and heights
What does the term resection mean?
Method of locating one’s position by determining the grid azimuth to at least two well-defined locations on a map
If you find a symbol on a map that is unknown to you, where would you look?
Marginal data, located on the outside lower portion of the map
How many scales are there on a compass, what are they?
- Degrees
2. Mils
What are the 4 quadrants on a map?
- Northeast
- Southeast
- Northwest
- Southwest
What are the 3 elements for a land navigation process known as Dead Reckoning?
- Known starting point
- Known distance
- Known azimuth
What is the feature that makes the lensatic compass work well at night?
Dials and needles are luminous
What is a polar coordinate?
Plotting or locating an unknown point using an azimuth and a distance from a known starting point
What is the name of the map system that the US uses?
UTM
On a lensatic compass there are two rings, an outer black ring and an inner red ring, what are they used for?
Inner red ring is used to find degrees, outer black ring is used to find mils
Name 3 Field expedient methods of determining direction.
- Shadow-tip method
- Watch method
- North Star method
What is a contour level?
Vertical distance between contour lines
The border line around the edge of the map is called the what?
Neat Line
Name the different slopes found on a map.
- Gentle
- Steep
- Concave
- Convex
You must find at least how many known locations on a map and the actual ground in order to plot your location accurately?
At least 2
What are the 3 main map sizes?
- Small
- Medium
- Large
What are 2 methods of measuring an azimuth?
Compass and protractor
How close will an 8 digit grid get you to a point?
10 meters
How close will a 6-digit grid coordinate get you to a point?
100 meters
What would you use on a map to measure actual ground distance?
The bar scale
