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Land Navigation Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A MAP?

A

A SCALE DRAWING OF A PORTION OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE, SHOWING VARIOUS FEATURES BY SYMBOLS OR DRAWINGS.

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A MAP?

A

TO PERMIT YOU TO VISUALIZE AN AREA OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE WITH THE IMPORTANT FEATURES PROPERLY POSITIONED.

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE INFORMATION AND ILLUSTRATIONS PLACED AROUND THE BORDER OF A MAP CALLED?

A

MARGINAL INFORMATION.

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4
Q

WHAT INFORMATION IS FOUND IN THE MARGINAL INFORMATION ON A MAP?

A

1) MAP SHEET NAME.
5) AN ELEVATION GUIDE.
2) MAP SHEET NUMBER.
6) A DECLINATION DIAGRAM.
3) AN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.
7) GRAPHIC SCALES.
4) AN INDEX TO ADJOINING SHEETS
8) A LEGEND.

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5
Q

WHAT INFORMATION IN THE MARGINAL INFORMATION OF A MAP IS USED FOR ORDERING MAP SHEETS?

A

THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.

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6
Q

WHERE ON THE MAP IS THE MAP LEGEND LOCATED?

A

IN THE LOWER LEFT MARGIN OF THE MAP.

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7
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE MAP LEGEND ON A MAP?

A

SINCE IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT FOR EACH MAN-MADE OR NATURAL TERRAIN FEATURE TO BE SHOWN ON A MAP, THE MAPMAKERS USE SYMBOLS AND COLORS TO REPRESENT THESE FEATURES. THESE SYMBOLS ARE NOT THE SAME ON EVERY MAP.

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8
Q

WHERE CAN THE SCALE OF THE MAP BE FOUND?

A

IN THE TOP-LEFT CORNER OF THE MAP SHEET.

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9
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE MAP SCALE ON THE MAP?

A

IT INDICATES THE AMOUNT THAT OBJECTS AND DISTANCE HAVE BEEN REDUCED.

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10
Q

ON A 1:50,000 SCALE MAP, HOW MUCH GROUND DISTANCE WOULD TWO INCHES BE EQUAL TO?

A

100,000 INCHES ON THE GROUND.

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11
Q

WHICH MAP WOULD SHOW MORE LAND AREA, A MAP WITH A SCALE OF 1:25,000 OR 1:50,000?

A

1:50,000 WOULD SHOW MORE LAND AREA THAN A 1:25,000 SCALE MAP.

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12
Q

WHAT ARE THE FIVE COLORS REPRESENTED ON A MAP?

A

1) BLACK.
3) BLUE.
5) BROWN.
2) RED.
4) GREEN.

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13
Q

WHICH COLOR ON THE MAP HAS BEEN SLIGHTLY TINTED WITH BROWN TO MAKE THE MAP READABLE UNDER RED LIGHT CONDITIONS?

A

MAPS PRINTED SINCE 1982 HAVE THE COLOR RED SLIGHTLY TINTED WITH BROWN.

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14
Q

WHAT DOES THE COLOR BLACK REPRESENT ON THE MAP?

A

MAN - MADE FEATURES.

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15
Q

WHAT DOES THE COLOR RED REPRESENT ON THE MAP?

A

ROAD CLASSIFICATION, BUILT - UP AREAS, AND SPECIAL FEATURES

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16
Q

WHAT DOES THE COLOR BLUE REPRESENT ON THE MAP?

A

WATER FEATURES.

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17
Q

WHAT DOES THE COLOR GREEN REPRESENT ON A MAP?

A

VEGETATION FEATURES

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18
Q

WHAT DOES THE COLOR BROWN REPRESENT ON THE MAP?

A

TERRAIN FEATURES.

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19
Q

WHAT DO CONTOUR LINES ON A MAP SHOW?

A

BOTH ELEVATION AND RELIEF.

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEVATION AND RELIEF ON A MAP?

A

BASICALLY, ELEVATION IS THE HEIGHT OF AN OBJECT AND RELIEF IS THE REPRESENTATION OF THE SHAPE AND HEIGHT OF LANDFORMS.

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21
Q

WHAT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN CONTOUR LINE CALLED?

A

CONTOUR INTERVAL.

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22
Q

STARTING AT ZERO ELEVATION, HOW IS EVERY FIFTH CONTOUR LINE DRAWN?

A

1) THE LINE IS DRAWN HEAVIER.

2) THE LINE IS BROKEN AND ITS ELEVATION IS GIVEN.

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23
Q

WHAT IS EVERY FIFTH CONTOUR LINE FROM ZERO ELEVATION ON A MAP CALLED?

A

INDEX CONTOUR LINE.

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24
Q

BESIDES CONTOUR LINES, WHAT ELSE ON THE MAP IS USED TO INDICATE POINTS OF KNOWN ELEVATION?

A

1) BENCH MARKS.

2) SPOT ELEVATIONS.

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25
Q

WHAT IS MORE ACCURATE, A BENCH MARK OR A SPOT ELEVATION ON A MAP?

A

BENCH MARKS ARE MORE ACCURATE.

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26
Q

HOW IS A BENCH MARK SYMBOLIZED ON A MAP?

A

BY A BLACK X, FOR EXAMPLE: X BM 124.

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27
Q

HOW ARE SPOT ELEVATIONS INDICATED ON A MAP?

A

SHOWN IN BROWN, ARE GERERALLY LOCATED AT ROAD JUNCTIONS, HILLTOPS, AND OTHER PROMINENT LANDFORMS.

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28
Q

WHERE IS THE ELEVATION GUIDE ON A MAP FOUND?

A

IN THE CENTER OF THE LOWER MARGIN OF THE MAP.

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29
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE DIFFERENT RELIEF FEATURES YOU WOULD FIND ON A MAP?

A

1) HILL. 2) RIDGE 3) SPUR. 4) VALLEY. 5) DRAW.

6) SADDLE. 7) DEPRESSION. 8) CUT. 9) FILL. 10) CLIFF.

30
Q

DESCRIBE A HILL.

A

A POINT OR SMALL AREA OF HIGH GROUND. WHEN YOU ARE ON A HILLTOP,THE GROUND SLOPES DOWN IN ALL DIRECTIONS.

31
Q

DESCRIBE A RIDGE.

A

A LINE OF HIGH GROUND WITH HEIGHT VARIATIONS ALONG ITS CREST. THE RIDGE IS NOT SIMPLY A LINE OF HILLS; ALL

POINTS OF THE RIDGE CREST ARE HIGHER THAN THE GROUND ON BOTH SIDES OF THE RIDGE.

32
Q

DESCRIBE A SPUR.

A

A USUALLY SHORT, CONTINUOUSLY SLOPING LINE OF HIGHER GROUND NORMALLY JUTTING OUT FROM THE SIDE OF A RIDGE. A SPUR IS OFTEN FORMED BY TWO ROUGHLY PARALLEL STREAMS CUTTING DRAWS DOWN THE SIDE OF THE RIDGE.

33
Q

DESCRIBE A VALLEY.

A

A STREAM COURSE WHICH HAS AT LEAST SOME REASONABLY LEVEL GROUND BORDERED ON THE SIDES BY HIGHER GROUND. A VALLEY GENERALLY HAS MANEUVER ROOM WITHIN ITS CONFINES. CONTOUR LINES INDICATING A VALLEY ARE U - SHAPED AND TEND TO PARALLEL A STREAM BEFORE CROSSING IT. THE MORE GRADUAL THE FALL OF THE STREAM, THE FARTHER EACH CONTOUR LINE CROSSING THE STREAM WILL ALWAYS POINT UPSTREAM.

34
Q

DESCRIBE A DRAW.

A

A STREAM COURSE IN WHICH THERE IS ESSENTIALLY NO LEVEL GROUND AND THEREFORE LITTLE OR NO MANEUVER

ROOM WITHIN ITS CONFINES. THE GROUND SLOPES UPWARD ON EACH SIDE AND TOWARD THE HEAD OF THE DRAW DRAWS OCCUR FREQUENTLY ALONG THE SIDES OF REIDGES AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE VALLEY BETWEEN THEM.

CONTOURS INDICATING A DRAW ARE V-SHAPED, WITH THE POINTS OF THE “V” TOWARD THE HEAD OF THE DRAW.

35
Q

DESCRIBE A SADDLE.

A

A DIP OR LOW POINT ALONG THE CREST OF A RIDGE. A SADDLE IS NOT NECESSARILY THE LOWER GROUND BETWEEN TWO HILLTOPS; IT MAY BE SIMPLY A DIP OR BREAK ALONG AN OTHERWISE LEVEL RIDGE CREST.

36
Q

DESCRIBE A DEPRESSION.

A

A LOW POINT OR HOLE IN THE GROUND SURROUNDED ON ALL SIDES BY HIGHER GROUND.

37
Q

DESCRIBE CUTS AND FILLS.

A

MAN - MADE FEATURES BY WHICH THE BED OF A ROAD OR RAILROAD IS GRADED OR LEVELED OFF BY CUTTING
THROUGH HIGH AREAS AND FILLING IN LOW AREAS ALONG RIGHT - OF - WAY.

38
Q

DESCRIBE A CLIFF.

A

A VERTICAL OR NEAR VERTICAL SLOPE. WHEN A SLOPE IS SO STEEP THAT IT CANNOT BE SHOWN AT THE CONTOU INTERVAL WITHOUT THE CONTOURS OVERLAPPING, IT IS SHOWN BY A “CARRYING” CONTOUR OR CONTOURS MARKED WITH TICKS. THE TICKS ALWAYS POINT TOWARD LOWER GROUND.

39
Q

WHAT IS THE MILITARY GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM?

A

SYSTEM THAT CONSIST OF A NETWORK OF EQUALLY SPACED VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL LINES SUPERIMPOSED ON THE MAP. THE GRIP LINES FORM SQUARES 1,000 METERS ON EACH SIDE. THE VERTICAL (NORTH-SOUTH) GRID LINES ARE NUMBERED CONSECUTIVELY WITH THE NUMBERS INCREASING TO THE RIGHT. THE HORIZONTAL (EAST-WEST) GRID LINES ARE ALSO NUMBERED CONSECUTIVELY WITH THE NUMBERS INCREASING UP THE MAP.

40
Q

HOW DO YOU READ A MAP?

A

THE COMBINATION OF THE TWP NUMBERS, IN THE ORDER RIGHT AND THEN UP, IS THE COORDINATE READING OF THE GRID SQUARE ON THE MAP.

41
Q

HOW MANY DIGIT GRID COORDINATE IS NEEDED TO FIND A GRID SQUARE ON THE MAP?

A

FOUR DIGIT.

42
Q

HOW ACCURATE WILL YOU BE AT FINDING A LOCATION WITH A FOUR DIGIT GRID COORDINATE?

A

WITHIN 1,000 METERS.

43
Q

HOW ACCURATE WILL YOU BE AT FINDING A LOCATION WITH A SIX DIGIT GRID COORDINATE?

A

WITHIN 100 METERS.

44
Q

HOW ACCURATE WILL YOU BE AT FINDING A LOCATION WITH AN EIGHT DIGIT GRID COORDINATE?

A

WITHIN 10 METERS.

45
Q

THE MOST ACCURATE WAY TO DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF A POINT ON A MAP IS TO USE WHAT?

A

A COORDINATE SCALE.

46
Q

MEASURED MAP DISTANCE CAN BE CONVERTED TO GROUND DISTANCE BY USING WHAT ON THE MAP?

A

THE GRAPHIC (BAR) SCALES.

47
Q

WHAT FOUR WAYS CAN DISTANCE BE CONVERTED TO ON THE GRAPHIC SCALE?

A

1) METERS. 3) STATUTE MILES.

2) YARDS. 4) NAUTICAL MILES.

48
Q

WHAT DOES EACH GRAPHIC SCALE CONSIST OF ?

A

1) PRIMARY SCALE. 2) EXTENSION SCALE.

49
Q

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY SCALE USED FOR?

A

TO CONVERT DISTANCE IN WHOLE UNITS.

50
Q

WHAT IS THE EXTENSION SCALE USED FOR?

A

TO DIVIDE WHOLE UNITS INTO TEN EQUAL PARTS.

51
Q

WHICH GRAPHIC SCALE IS MOST COMMONLY USED BY MARINES?

A

THE METER SCALE.

52
Q

HOW DO YOU MEASURE A CURVED LINE DISTANCE ON THE MAP?

A

1) USE THE STRAIGHTEDGE OF A PIECE OF PAPER.
2) MAKE A TICK MARK AT OR NEAR ONE END OF THE PAPER AND PLACE IT AT THE POINT FROM WHICH THE CURVED LINE IS TO BE MEASURED.
3) ALIGN THE EDGE OF THE PAPER ALONG A STRAIGHT PORTION OF THE CURVED LINE AND MAKE A TICK MARK ON BOTH THE PAPER AND THE MAP AT THE END OF THE ALIGNED PORTION.
4) KEEPING BOTH THE TICK MARKS TOGETHER, PLACE THE POINT OF THE PENCIL ON THE PAPER’S TICK MARK TO HOLD IT IN PLACE.

5) PIVOT THE PAPER UNTIL ANOTHER APPROXIMATELY STRAIGHT PORTION IS ALIGNED, AND AGAIN MAKE A TICK
MARK ON BOTH THE MAP AND THE PAPER

6) CONTINUE IN THIS MANNER UNTIL YOUR MEASUREMENT IS COMPLETE, THEN USE THE GRAPHIC SCALE TO
DETERMINE THE GROUND DISTANCE.

53
Q

WHAT IS AN AZIMUTH?

A

AN “ANGLE” MEASURE WITHIN A CIRCLE CLOCKWISE FROM THE BASE DIRECTION, NORTH. WHEN USED WITH LAND NAVIGATION, THE DIRECTIONAL CIRCLE IS DIVIDED INTO 360 POSSIBLE AZIMUTHS OR DEGREES.

54
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF NORTH?

A

1) GRID NORTH.
2) MAGNETIC NORTH.
3) TRUE NORTH.

55
Q

WHAT TWO BASE DIRECTIONS OR NORTHS ARE USED WHEN NAVIGATING OVER LAND WITH THE AID OF THE MAP AND COMPASS?

A

GRID NORTH AND MAGNETIC NORTH.

56
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO POINTS OF GRID NORTH AND MAGNETIC NORTH KNOWN AS?

A

GRID- MAGNETIC OR G-M ANGLE.

57
Q

WHERE CAN YOU FIND THE G-M ANGLE ON A MAP?

A

SHOWN IN THE MARGIN OF THE MAP BY WHAT IS CALLED THE DECLINATION DIAGRAM.

58
Q

HOW IS MAGNETIC NORTH SYMBOLIZED ON THE DECLINATION DIAGRAM?

A

SYMBOLIZED WITH A HALF ARROW.

59
Q

HOW IS GRID NORTH SYMBOLIZED ON THE DECLINATION DIAGRAM?

A

SYMBOLIZED WITH THE LETTERS GN.

60
Q

HOW IS TRUE NORTH SYMBOLIZED ON THE DECLINATION DIAGRAM?

A

SYMBOLIZED WITH A STAR.

61
Q

WHAT IS THE LARS RULE?

A

LEFT ADD, RIGHT SUBTRACT. THIS MEANS THAT IF YOUR FINGER MOVES TO THE LEFT, ADD THE AMOUNT OF THE G-M ANGLE TO THE GIVEN AZIMUTH. IF IT MOVES TO THE RIGHT, YOU SUBTRACT THE AMOUNT OF THE G-M ANGLE FROM THE GIVEN AZIMUTH.

62
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A PROTRACTOR?

A

IT IS AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING OR CONSTRUCTING ANGLES.

63
Q

WHAT SHAPES DO PROTRACTORS COME IN?

A

1) CIRCULAR. 2) SEMICIRCULAR. 3) SQUARE. 4) RECTANGULAR.

64
Q

WHAT DOES A PROTRACTOR CONSIST OF?

A

1) AN INDEX POINT. 2) A BASE LINE. 3) A SCALED OUTER EDGE.

65
Q

HOW IS THE OUTER EDGE OF A PROTRACTOR MARKED?

A

THE SCALED EDGE HAS TWO SETS OF NUMBERS: 0 TO 180, REPRESENTING THE RIGHT SIDE OF A CIRCLE, AND 180 TO 360 REPRESENTING THE LEFT SIDE OF A CIRCLE.

66
Q

WHAT ARE THE ELEVEN MAJOR PARTS ON A LENSATIC COMPASS?

A

1) GRADUATED STRAIGHT EDGE. 7) INDEX LINE.
2) BEZEL RING. 8) LUMINOUS ARROW.
3) THUMB LOOP. 9) LUMUNOUS DOT.
4) SIGHTING WIRE. 10) SHORT LUMINOUS LINE.
5) LENS. 11) LUMINOUS SIGHTING DOTS.
6) SIGHTING SLOT.

67
Q

HOW DO YOU ORIENT A MAP WITH A COMPASS?

A

1) WITH THE MAP IN THE HORIZONTAL POSITION, PLACE THE COMPASS PARALLEL TO A NORTH-SOUTH GRID LINE WITH THE COVER SIDE OF THE COMPASS POINTING TOWARD THE TOP OF THE MAP.
2) THIS WILL PLACE THE BLACK INDEX LINE ON THE DIAL OF THE COMPASS PARALLEL TO GRID NORTH.
3) BECAUSE THE NEEDLE ON THE COMPASS POINTS TO MAGNETIC NORTH, WE HAVE A DECLINATION DIAGRAM ON THE FACE OF THE COMPASS FORMED BY THE INDEX LINE AND THE COMPASS NORTH.
4) ROTATE MAP AND COMPASS UNTIL THE DIRECTIONS OF THE DECLINATION DIAGRAM FORMED THE BLACK INDEX LINE AND THE COMPASS NEEDLE MATCH THE DIRECTIONS SHOWN ON THE DECLINATION DIAGRAM PRINTED ON THE MARGIN OF THE MAP.
5) THE MAP IS THEM ORIENTED.

68
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD OF LOCATING UNKNOWN POINTS ON A MAP CALLED?

A

INTERSECTION.

69
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD OF LOCATING UNKNOWN POSITION ON A MAP CALLED?

A

RESECTION.

70
Q

WHAT IS A BACK AZIMUTH?

A

180 DEGREES ADDED TO OR SUBTRACTED FROM ANY OTHER AZIMUTH WILL GIVE YOU A BACK AZIMUTH.

71
Q

EACH CLICK ON THE BEZEL RING OF A COMPASS IS EQUAL TO HOW MANY DEGREES?

A

EACH CLICK IS EQUAL TO 3 DEGREES.

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