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USMC Knowledge > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR LIFE SAVING STEPS?

A

1) RESTORE THE BREATHING.
2) STOP THE BLEEDING.
3) PROTECT THE WOUND
4) TREAT FOR SHOCK.

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2
Q

CELLS OF THE BRAIN WILL DIE WITHOUT OXYGEN IN HOW MANY MINUTES?

A

4 TO 6 MINUTES.

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE SINGLE MOST CAUSE OF AN AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION?

A

THE TONGUE BEING IN THE WAY.

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4
Q

HOW WOULD YOU CLEAR THE AIRWAY IF THE TONGUE IS BLOCKING IT?

A

EXTENDING THE NECK PULLS THE TONGUE AWAY FROM THE AIR PASSAGE IN THE THROAT.

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TECHNIQUES FOR CLEARING THE AIRWAY?

A

1) HEAD TILT-NECK LIFT TECHNIQUE.
2) HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT TECHNIQUE.
3) JAW THRUST TECHNIQUE.

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6
Q

IF THE CASUALTY DOES NOT PROMPTLY RESUME BREATHING AFTER THE AIRWAY IS CLEAR, WHAT MUST BE DONE?

A

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION METHODS WHICH CAN BE USED?

A

1) MOUTH - TO - MOUTH METHOD.
2) MOUTH - TO - NOSE METHOD.
3) CHEST PRESSUR ARM-LIFT METHOD.

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8
Q

HOW MANY BREATHS PER MINUTE SHOULD YOU GIVE FOR MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION?

A

12 BREATHS PER MINUTE.

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9
Q

WHAT ARE TWO EXAMPLES OF WHEN YOU WOULD HAVE TO USE THE CHEST PRESSURE ARM-LIFT METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION?

A

1) WHEN THE CASUALTY HAS SEVERE FACIAL INJURIES.

2) IN AN NBC ENVIRONMENT.

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10
Q

IF THE PERSON IS SMALL WHO YOU ARE GIVING MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION TO, HOW SHOULD YOU FORM THE AIRTIGHT SEAL?

A

BY COVERING BOTH THE CASUALTY’S NOSE AND MOUTH WITH YOUR MOUTH.

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11
Q

WHILE GIVING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, WHERE SHOULD YOU CHECK FOR A PULSE?

A

ON THE SIDE OF THE CASUALTY’S NECK CLOSEST TO YOU.

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12
Q

HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU FEEL FOR A PULSE WHILE GIVING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION?

A

ABOUT EVERY 12TH BREATH.

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13
Q

IF THE CASUALTY’S HEART STOPS BEATING, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

A

GIVE HIM EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION (FORMERLY CALLED CLOSED-CHEST HEART MASSAGE).

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14
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST YOU SHOULD PUSH THE BREASTBONE WHEN GIVING EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION?

A

1 1/2 TO 2 INCHES.

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15
Q

IF TWO PERSONS ARE AVAILABLE TO GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION AND GIVE EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION, HOW MANY COMPRESSIONS A MINUTE SHOULD BE GIVEN?

A

60 COMPRESSIONS PER MINUTE.

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16
Q

IF YOU ARE ALONE ADMINISTERING BOTH ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION AND EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSIONS, WHAT SHOULD THE PROCEDURE BE?

A

COMPRESS THE CHEST 15 TIMES FOLLOWED BY 2 QUICK BUT FULL LUNG INFLATIONS.

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17
Q

HOW SHOULD YOU APPLY BLOWS TO CLEAR AN OBSTRUCTION FROM A VICTIMS AIRWAY?

A

1) POSITION YOURSELF TO THE SIDE AND SLIGHTLY BEHIND THE CASUALTY.
2) PLACE YOUR HAND ON HIS CHEST (BREASTBONE) TO SUPPORT HIM.
3) WITH THE HAND OF THE OTHER ARM, DELIVER FOUR SHARP BLOWS IN RAPID SUCCESSION TO THE CASUALTY’S BACK BETWEEN THE SHOULDER BLADES.

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18
Q

HOW SHOULD YOU APPLY THE ABDOMINAL THRUST METHOD TO CLEAR AN ABSTRUCTION?

A

1) STAND BEHIND THE CASUALTY AND WRAP YOUR ARMS AROUND HIS WAIST.
2) MAKE A FIST WITH ONE HAND AND GRASP IT WITH THE OTHER. THE THUMB SIDE OF THE FIST SHOULD BE AGAINST THE CASUALTY’S ABDOMEN, BETWEEN THE WAIST AND RIB CAGE.
3) GIVE FOUR QUICK, INWARD AND UPWARD THRUST.

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19
Q

WHAT IS THE BEST METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF BLEEDING IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION?

A

A PRESSURE DRESSING.

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20
Q

WHAT MAY BE USED AS A LAST RESORT IF A PRESSURE DRESSING FAILS TO STOP THE BLEEDING?

A

A TOURNIQUET.

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21
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF BLEEDING?

A

1) CAPILLARY.
2) VEINOUS.
3) ARTERIAL.

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22
Q

WHEN SHOULD A TOURNIQUET BE LOOSENED?

A

NEVER! IT MAY BE TIGHTENED, BUT SHOULD NEVER BE LOOSENED EXCEPT BY MEDICAL PERSONNEL.

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23
Q

WHERE SHOULD A TOURNIQUET BE APPLIED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE WOUND?

A

PLACE THE TOURNIQUET AROUND THE LIMB 2 TO 4 INCHES ABOVE THE WOUND AND BETWEEN THE WOUND AND THE HEART.

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24
Q

WHAT ACTION SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU APPLY A TOURNIQUET TO ALERT MEDICAL PERSONNEL?

A

MARK THE CASUALTY’S FOREHEAD, IF POSSIBLE, WITH A “T” TO INDICATE A TOURNIQUET HAS BEEN APPLIED. ALSO MARK THE DATE AND TIME.

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25
Q

WHY SHOULD A TOURNIQUET NOT BE LOOSENED EXCEPT BY MEDICAL PERSONNEL?

A

1) IT COULD SPREAD CONTAMINATION BACK INTO THE BLOOD SYSTEM.

2) IT COULD ENHANCE THE PROBABILITY OF SHOCK.

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26
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF FRACTURES?

A

1) SIMPLE FRACTURE.

2) COMPOUND FRACTURE.

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27
Q

WHAT IS THE FIRST RULE IN APPLYING A SPLINT TO A FRACTURE?

A

SPLINT THEM WHERE THEY LIE”.

28
Q

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMOM CAUSES OF SHOCK?

A

1) BLOOD LOSS.
5) TRAGIC NEWS.
2) INTERNAL BLEEDING.
6) INTERNAL INJURIES.
3) PAIN.
7) ELECTRICAL SHOCK.
4) FEAR AND FRIGHT.

29
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK?

A

1) COOL, CLAMMY SKIN WITH ASSOCIATED PALE LOOK.
2) PUPILS OF THE EYES ARE DILATED.
3) PULSE IS WEAK AND RAPID.
4) SHALLOW BREATHING.
5) VICTIM MAY BE RESTLESS OR SHOW APPREHENSION.

30
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR SHOCK?

A

1) KEEP THE VICTIM LAYING DOWN.
2) KEEP THE VICTIM WARM.
3) IN THE ABSENCE OF A HEAD WOUND, ELEVATE THE FEET APPROXIMATELY 12 INCHES.

31
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A HEAT STROKE?

A

1) EXTREMELY HIGH BODY TEMPERATURE. (105 DEGREES OR HIGHER).
2) SKIN IS RED, HOT AND DRY.
3) PUPILS WILL BE PINPOINTED.
4) PULSE IS STRONG AND FAST.
5) BREATHING IS DEEP AND FAST.

32
Q

WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED TREATMENT FOR A HEAT STROKE VICTIM?

A

1) REMOVE THE VICTIM TO THE COOLEST POSSIBLE PLACE AND REMOVE AS MUCH CLOTHING AS POSSIBLE.
2) IMMEDIATELY DOUSE THE BODY WITH WATER OR ICE.
3) MAINTAIN AN OPEN AIRWAY, PLACE THE VICTIM ON HIS BACK WITH SHOULDERS RAISED.
4) IF THE VICTIM IS CONCIOUS, GIVE COOL WATER TO DRINK
5) GET THE VICTIM MEDICAL ATTENTION AND MAINTAIN COOLING WHILE TRANSPORTING.

33
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEAT EXHAUSTION?

A

1) BODY TEMPERATURE MAY BE NORMAL OR BELOW NORMAL. (98.6 DEGREES OR LOWER).
2) SKIN IS PALE, COLD, MOIST, AND CLAMMY.
3) PUPILS WILL BE DIALATED.
4) PULSE WILL BE WEAK AND FAST.
5) BREATHING WILL BE SHALLOW AND FAST.

34
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR A VICTIM WITH HEAT EXHAUSTION?

A

1) CARE FOR AS IN SHOCK.
2) MOVE TO A COOL ENVIRONMENT, BUT DO NOT ALLOW CHILLING.
3) GIVE A CONSCIOUS VICTIM 1 TEASPOON OF SALT PER QUART OF COOL WATER.

35
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYPTOMS FOR A VICTIM WITH HEAT CRAMPS?

A

1) PAINFUL CRAMPS IN THE MUSCLES OF THE LEGS, ABDOMEN, OR ARMS.
2) CAN BE CAUSED BY DRINKING ICE WATER TOO QUICKLY OR LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER AFTER EXERCISE.
3) USUALLY EARLY SIGNS OF APPROACHING HEAT EXHAUSTION.

36
Q

WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED TREATMENT FOR A VICTIM WITH HEAT CRAMPS?

A

1) REMOVE TO A COOLER ENVIRONMENT.
2) GIVE THE VICTIM 1 TEASPOON OF SALT PER 1 QUART OF COOL WATER.
3) GENTLY MASSAGE MUSCLE TO RELIEVE SPASM

37
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF BURNS?

A

) THERMAL BURNS

2) ELECTRICAL BURNS
3) CHEMICAL BURN
4) LASER BURNS

38
Q

: WHAT TWO AREAS OF THE BODY SHOULD YOU NOT PUT A DRESSING ON A BURN VICTIM?

A

THE FACE AND GENITAL AREA.

39
Q

HOW ARE BURNS CLASSIFIED?

A

1) BY EXTENT. (PERCENTAGE OF BODY COVERED).
2) BY DEPTH. (1ST, 2ND OR 3RD DEGREE BUNRNS).
3) BY CAUSE. (THERMAL, ELECTRICAL, CHEMICAL, LASER).

40
Q

HOW DO YOU DETERMINE THE THREE DEGREES OF BURNS?

A

1) 1ST DEGREE - SKIN REDDENED.
2) 2ND DEGREE - SKIN BLISTERED.
3) 3RD DEGREE - SKIN CHARRED.

41
Q

WHAT IS THE BASIC RULE TO REMEMBER WHEN A PERSON IS BITTEN BY A SNAKE?

A

TREAT ALL SNAKEBITES AS POISONOUS.

42
Q

WHERE ARE MOST POISONOUS SNAKES FOUND?

A

: PRIMARILY IN THE TROPICAL TO MODERATE CLIMATES.

43
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF POISONOUS SNAKES FOUND IN THE U.S.?

A

1) RATTLESNAKES.
2) COPPERHEADS.
3) WATER MOCCASINS.
4) CORAL SNAKES.

44
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF TOXINS A POISONOUS SNAKE CAN HAVE?

A

HEMOTOXINS - DESTROYS TISSUES AND BLOOD

NEUROTOXINS - AFFECT CNS

45
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER IN THE TREATMENT OF A SNAKEBITE VICTIM?

A

PROPERLY IDENTIFYING THE SNAKE AS TREATMENT WILL BE DIFFERENT FOR EACH SNAKE.

46
Q

HOW TIGHT SHOULD THE RESTICTING BAND FOR A SNAKEBITE VICTIM BE?

A

JUST TIGHT ENOUGH TO STOP THE FLOW OF BLOOD NEAR THE SKIN.

47
Q

WHY SHOULD YOU NOT SUCK THE VENOM OUT OF A SNAKEBITE VICTIM?

A

IF VENOM SHOULD SEEP THROUGH ANY DAMAGED OR LACERATED TISSUES IN THE MOUTH IT COULD CAUSE IMMEDIATE UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND/OR DEATH.

48
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE TYPES OF INFECTION WHICH CAN RESULT FROM ANIMAL BITES?

A

1) TETANUS.
2) RABIES.
3) TYPES OF FEVERS.

49
Q

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE WITH AN ANIMAL IF IT BITES A PERSON?

A

:ATTEMP TO CAPTURE OR KILL WITHOUT DAMAGING THE HEAD SO IT CAN BE TESTED.

50
Q

WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED TREATMENT FOR AN ANIMAL BITE?

A

1) CLEANSE THE WOUND THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP OR A DETERGENT SOLUTION.
2) FLUSH IT WELL WITH WATER.
3) COVER WITH A STERILE DRESSING.
4) IMMOBILIZE AN INJURED EXTREMITY.
5) TRANSPORT VICTIM TO A MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITY IMMEDIATELY.
6) IF UNABLE TO CAPTURE OR KILL THE ANIMAL, PROVIDE MEDICAL PERSONNEL WITH ANY INFORMATION POSSIBLE
THAT WILL HELP IDENTIFY IT.

51
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE PROBLEMS A PERSON CAN HAVE WRONG WITH HIS FEET?

A

1) BLISTERS.
2) IMMERSION FOOT.
3) FUNGAL INFECTION. (ATHLETE’S FOOT).

52
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A BLISTER?

A

1) REDNESS AND SORENESS OF THE SKIN.
2) PUFFINESS IN THE SORE AREA.
3) FLUID BUILDUP UNDER THE SKIN.
4) BROKEN SKIN.

53
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR A BLISTER?

A

1) WASH THE BLISTER AREA.
2) BLISTERS SHOULD BE DRESSED WITH AN ANTISEPTIC, GUAZE PAD, AND TAPE. PUNCTURE BLISTERS IS DISCOURAGED SINCE INFECTION CAN EASILY BECOME A VERY REAL DISABILITY FACTOR.

54
Q

WHAT CAN A PERSON DO TO PREVENT GETTING BLISTERS?

A

1) WEAR PROPERLY FITTING BOOTS AND SHOES.
2) WEAR PROPERLY FITTING, CLEAN SOCKS.
3) KEEP FEET CLEAN AND DRY.
4) USE FOOT POWDER.

55
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF IMMERSION FOOT AND TRENCH FOOT?

A

1) THE AFFECTED FOOT IS COLD AND PAINLESS, THE PULSE IS WEAK, AND NUMBNESS MAY BE PRESENT AT FIRST.
2) SECOND, THE PARTS FEEL HOT, AND BURNING AND SHOOTING PAINS BEGIN AS THE PARTS ARE WARMED.
3) IN THE ADVANCED STAGES (24-48 HOURS), THE SKIN IS PALE WITH A BLUISH CAST AND THE PULSE DECREASES.
4) OTHER SIGNS/SYMPTOMS THAT MAY FOLLOW ARE BLISTERING, SWELLING, REDNESS, HEAT BLEEDING AND GANGRENE.

56
Q

WHAT IS THE FIRST AID FOR TREATING IMMERSION FOOT OR TRENCH FOOT?

A

1) GRADUALLY REWARM THE INJURED PART BY EXPOSURE TO AIR.
2) DO NOT MASSAGE OR MOISTEN THE SKIN.
3) DRY FEET THOROUGHLY; AVOID WALKING.
4) SEEK MEDICAL TREATMENT.

57
Q

WHAT ARE SOME PREVENTIVE MEASURES A PERSON COULD TAKE TO PREVENT IMMERSION FOOT?

A

1) SOCKS AND BOOTS SHOULD BE CLEANED AND DRIED AT EVERY OPPORTUNITY.
2) THE FEET SHOULD BE DRIED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER GETTING THEM WET. THEY MUST BE WARMED WITH THE
HANDS. FOOT POWDER SHOULD BE APPLIED AND DRY SOCKS PUT ON.
3) IF IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO WEAR BOOTS AND SOCKS, THE FEET SHOULD BE EXERCISE CONTINUALL BY WIGGLING THE TOES AND BENDING THE ANKLES. TIGHT BOOTS SHOULD NEVER BE WORN.

58
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A FUNGAL INFECTION (ATHLETE’S FOOT)?

A

1) ITCHY FEET.
2) CRACKS IN THE SKIN BETWEEN THE TOES.
3) FLAKY PATCHES OF SKIN.

59
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR FUNGAL INFECTION OF THE FEET?

A

1) APPLY FOOT POWDER DAILY.
2) APPLY FUNGICIDAL OINTMENT.
3) SEEK MEDICAL AID IF THE ABOVE FAIL TO CLEAR UP THE INFECTION.

60
Q

WHAT ARE SOME PREVENTIVE MEASURES A PERSON COULD TAKE TO PREVENT FUNGAL INFECTION?

A

1) CLEAN AND DRY FEET DAILY.
2) APPLY FOOT POWDER DAILY.
3) WEAR CLEAN SOCKS.

61
Q

HOW CAN SUPERFICIAL COLD INJURIES USUALLY BE DETECTED?

A

1) NUMBNESS.
2) TINGLING.
3) “PINS AND NEEDLES” SENSATION.

62
Q

WHAT DOES A SERIOUS CASE OF COLD INJURY FEEL LIKE?

A

THE AFFECTED PART FEELS LIKE A STUMP OR BLOCK OF WOOD.

63
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE OUTWARD SIGNS OF COLD INJURIES?

A

IN LIGHT-SKINNED PERSONS, THE SKIN USUALLY REDDENS, THEN BECOMES PALE OR WAXY WHITE. IN DARK-SKINNED PERSONS, GRAYNESS IN THE SKIN IN USUALLY EVIDENT. SWELLING MAY BE AN INDICATION OF DEEP INJURY.

64
Q

WHAT CAUSES SNOW BLINDNESS?

A

THE GLARE ON UNPROTECTED EYES FROM AN ICE FIELD OR SNOWFIELD

65
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTHERMIA?

A

1) SHIVERING.
2) THE PULSE IS FAINT OR DIFFICULT TO DETECT.
3) DROWSYNESS.
4) MENTALLY SLOW.
5) STIFFNESS.
6) UNCOORDINATED.
7) UNCONSCIOUSNESS.

66
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT TREATMENT FOR HYPOTHERMIA?

A

REWARMING THE BODY.

67
Q

TREATMENT OF CASES OF SEVERE HYPOTHERMIA IS BASED ON WHAT PRINCIPLES?

A

1) STABILIZE THE TEMPERATURE.
2) ATTEMP TO AVOID FURTHER HEAT LOSS.
3) HANDLE THE CASUALTY GENTLY.
4) EVACUATE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

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