lameness 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
- history
- causes

A
  • History of chronic, severe lameness
  • Due to untreated/unresponsive
    – Sole ulcer/abscess
    – White line disease
    – Penetrating foreign body
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2
Q

Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
- clinical appearance

A
  • Swollen coronary band
  • +/- fistulous tracts
  • Toe may be tilted up if DDF is ruptured
  • May involve:
    – Navicular bone and bursa
    – Deep digital flexor tendon (DDF)
    – Digital cushion
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3
Q

Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
- treatment options

A
  • Digit amputation
  • Arthrodesis
  • Euthanasia
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4
Q

Digit Amputation
- as treatment for Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
- pros and cons

A

Advantages
* Rapid
* Inexpensive
* Resection of infected tissues
* Rapid relief
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Disadvantages
* Expected to remain sound for < 1 year
* Heavy animals do poorly
* Result is not cosmetic
* Ethics?

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5
Q

digit amputation technique

A
  • IV regional anesthesia
  • Surgical prep?
  • +/- skin flap
  • Gigli wire between toes and angle up towards dewclaw
    – Objective is to cut through distal aspect of proximal phalanx (P1)
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6
Q

Digit Amputation – Aftercare

A
  • Pressure bandage – 5 days x 2
    – Place further bandages as necessary
  • Procaine penicillin G or oxytetracycline systemically for 5 days
  • NSAID analgesia
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7
Q

Arthrodesis of DIP Joint
- pros and cons

A

Advantages:
* Longer production life
* Better for heavy animals
* Result is more cosmetic and more stable
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Disadvantages
* More expensive
* More technically demanding
* More follow up care
* Tend to be more painful
* Slower to heal > slower relief

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8
Q

Arthrodesis of DIP Joint
- approaches and their pros and cons

A
  • Determine approach to joint based on how infection entered the joint
    – Lateral or solar
  • Goal is to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible
    <><><><>
    Solar Approach
  • Most common
  • Advantage – more thorough removal of necrotic tissue
  • Disadvantage – toe tips
    up due to damage to
    DDF
    <><>
    Lateral approach
  • ± For infections originating from interdigital space
  • Advantage – more cosmetic and more stable
  • Disadvantage – harder to drain and remove tissue
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9
Q

Arthrodesis of DIP Joint – Technique

A
  • Clean foot
  • IV regional anesthesia
  • Drill with 1⁄4” drill bit – Avoid coronary band
  • Enlarge with 1⁄2” drill bit
  • Curette remaining necrotic tissue
  • Lavage
  • Block unaffected claw
    <><>
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10
Q

Arthrodesis of DIP Joint - Aftercare

A
  • Place drain and pressure bandage
  • Lavage and change bandage every other day
  • Procaine penicillin G for 2 weeks
  • NSAID daily
    – Meloxicam
    – Ketoprofen
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11
Q

Euthanasia - when is this needed for a case of Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint

A
  • MANDATORY if animal is non-weight bearing and amputation or arthrodesis are not performed promptly
  • Cannot send cows to slaughter – unfit/unsafe to transport
  • Antibiotic treatment alone not sufficient
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12
Q

Septic Arthritis of the Neonatal Calf

A

– Lame (Grade 4-5)
– Painful, swollen joint > Commonly carpus, tarsus, stifle
– Distended joint capsule
– Usually febrile
– Usually has some omphalophlebitis

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13
Q

Septic Arthritis of the Neonatal Calf
* Treatment

A

Poor response unless detected very early
– Systemic antibiotics
* Florfenicol
* Trimethoprim sulfa
* Ceftiofur
– Joint lavage?
– Duration of treatment 1-3 weeks

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14
Q

Septic Arthritis of the Neonatal Calf
- control

A

– Clean calving area > Pasture best for beef
– Adequate colostrum intake
– Early identification of disease
– Dip navel?

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15
Q

Mycoplasma Arthritis
- what other diseases come with this?
- prevalence?

A
  • A.k.a. chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome (CPPS)
  • Seen sporadically in beef feedlot animals
  • 100% have chronic bronchopneumonia – Caseous microabscessation
  • ~50% also have arthritis, periarthritis, and tenosynovitis
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16
Q

Proposed Pathogenesis CPPS

A
  • Normal lung
    > stress, BVDV, Mannheimia
  • fibrinosupprative bronchopneumonia
    > M. bovis > evasion of immune response
  • caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia
    <><><><>
  • BVDV increases risk of BRD, but does not increase risk of mycoplasma
17
Q

CPPS - treatment? issues? what do we do?

A
  • Treatment unrewarding
  • Place in less competitive situation – ~50% fully recover
    – Some recover enough for early salvage slaughter
    – May encounter complications
  • Unable to get up – Euthanize if unable to rise for 24 hours
  • Recurrent pneumonia
  • Condition loss – Euthanize if losing weight over 2 week period