Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > labs 4-6 - skeletal system functions, etc. > Flashcards

labs 4-6 - skeletal system functions, etc. Flashcards

1
Q

osteon

A

densely packed repeating structures that make up compact bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lacuna (ae)

A

small cavities that contain osteocytes which monitor and maintain the bone ECM
connected by canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the ECM of osseous tissue made of

A

organic component - ground sustance and collagen
inorganic component - Ca hydroxyapatite crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny canals which connect osteocytes together allowing for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

concentric lamella (ae)

A

osteocyte layers surrounding central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

periosteum

A

most superficial layer of bone, made of dense irregular connective tissue with lots of blood vessels and nerves
extending collagen fibers (perforating fibers) anchor it to bone
has osteoblasts and osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endosteum

A

lines central canals and has osteoblasts and osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

central canal

A

location of blood vessels and nervs supporting osteocytes of osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

interstitial lamella (ae)

A

old osteocyte layers (presence due to bone remodeling) located in between osteons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

circumferential lamella (ae)

A

osteocyte layers surrounding superficial layers of bone, giving additional strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense, immediately deep to periosteum made up of repeating osteons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spongy bone

A

deep to compact bone, resembles a sponge, latticework type structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trabecula (ae)

A

tiny bone spicules, lined with endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bone marrow

A

red bone marrow produces blood cells
yelllow bone marrow is made up of adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

perforating (volkmann canal)

A

canals that allow for passage of blood
lined by endosteum
run perpendicular to lamella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nutrient foramina

A

openings in the superficial portion of bone, allowing for blood vessels and nerves to enter perforating canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

facet

A

shallow indented surface where two bones meet to form a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fossa

A

deep indented surface, usually allows a rounded surface of another bone to fit inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fovea

A

shallow pit, often a site for ligament attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

groove

A

long, shallow depression, usually a location for blood vessel or nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sulcus

A

another name for groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

notch

A

deep cut (or notch) in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

canal

A

passageway through bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

meatus

A

another name for canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fissure

A

slit within bone or between bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

foramen

A

hole in bone through which a structure such as a nerve or blood vessel passes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sinus

A

a cavity; usually something is found inside the cavity or it is empty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

condyle

A

round end of a bone that fits into a fossa or facet of another bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

epidcondyle

A

small projection proximal to a condyle; usually the site of muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

crest

A

ridge along a bone, usually a site for muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

head

A

rounded end of bone that fits into the fossa to form a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

line

A

ridge along a bone where muscles attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

process

A

any bone projection; usually site of muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

protuberance

A

an outgrowth on a bone due to repetitive pull from a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

trochanter

A

large bony projection to which a muscle attaches, only example is in the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projecttion where muscles attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

tuberosity

A

a large, more prominnent tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

ramus (rami)

A

branch of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

head of humerus articulates with ___

A

glenoid cavity of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what happens at the capitulum

A

the capitullum of the humerus is where the radius articulates with the humerus
its a condyle

41
Q

what happens at the trochlea

A

the trochlea of the humerus is where the ulna articulates with the ulna
its a condyle

42
Q

the head of the radius articulates with ____

A

the radial notch of the ulna
and capitulum of humerous

43
Q

the ulna is _____
the radius is ______

A

ulna is medial
radius is lateral

44
Q

the ulnar notch of the radius articulates with ______

A

the head of the ulna

45
Q

the radial notch of the ulna articulates with ____-

A

the head of the radius

46
Q

the head of the ulna articulates with _____

A

the ulnar notch of the radius

47
Q

the head of the femur inserts into ____

A

the acetabulum of pelvis

48
Q

the medial and lateral condyles of femur articulates with _____-

A

with the condyles of the tibia

49
Q

the articular facets of the patella articulate with _____

A

the patellar surface of the femur

50
Q

in the patella, the larger articular facet is _____

A

lateral

51
Q

the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with ____

A

condyles of the femur

52
Q

what are the characteristics of a male pelvis (6)

A

narrower pelvic inlet
narrow angle of the pubic arch
inverted ischial tuberosities
acetabulae are closer together and larger
coccyx is curved anteriorly
the greater sciatic notch forms an angle less than 90°

53
Q

what are the characteristics of a female pelvis (6)

A

wider pelvic inlet
wide angle of the pubic arch
ischial tuberosities are everted
acetabulae are farther apart and smaller
coccyx is straighter
greater sciatic notch forms an angle greater than 90°

54
Q

how to tell between left or right scapulas

A

scapular spine posterior, glenoid cavity lateral

55
Q

how to tell between left or right clavicles

A

sternal end to sternum, acromial end to acromion
conoid tubercle inferior and posterior

56
Q

how to tell between left or right humeri

A

radial and coronoid fossa anterior, greater tubercle lateral

57
Q

how to tell between left or right radii

A

radial tuberosity anterior, ulnar notch medial, styloid process lateral

58
Q

how to tell between left or right ulnas

A

trochlear notch anterior, radial notch lateral, styloid process medial

59
Q

how to tell between left or right femurs

A

head medial, greater trochanter lateral, linea aspera posterior

60
Q

how to tell between left or right patellas

A

articular facet posterior, apex of patella inferior
larger articular facet lateral

61
Q

how to tell between left or right tibias

A

medial malleolus medial, tibial tuberosity anterior

62
Q

how to tell between left or right fibula

A

lateral malleolus lateral, apex posterior/lateral

63
Q

how to tell between left or right pelvises

A

ischial tuberosity posterior, greater sciatic notch posterior, acetabulum lateral

64
Q

how many vertebrae are there

A

33

65
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, most often in the thoracic region
sometimes resulting from a developmental abnormality in the body and the arch fails to develop on one side of the vertebra
can be corrected with a back brace

66
Q

kyphosis

A

an exaggerated thoracic curvature, usually resulting from osteoporosis but can also occur in people with osteomalacia or spinal tuberculosis in adolescents who engage in spine heavy sports

67
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curvature
same causes as kyphosis or may be caused by added abdominal weight from pregnancy or obesity

68
Q

superior and inferior articular facet purpose

A

articulates with superior and inferior vertebra

69
Q

transverse foramen purpose

A

allow passage of blood vessels

70
Q

purpose of atlas

A

allows nodding of head
by articulating with occipital condyles

71
Q

purpose of axis

A

atlas sits on the odontoid process and allows for rotating of head

72
Q

purpose of costal facets on thoracic vertebrae

A

serve as attachment points for all 12 pairs of ribs

73
Q

which kinds of costal facets are present on which thoracic vertebrae?

A

inferior costal facet (T1-T9)
superior costal facet (T2-T10)
transverse costal facet (T1-T10)
complete costal facet (T1, T10-T12)

74
Q

which kinds of articular facets are present on which ribs?

A

inferior articular facet (ribs 2-9)
superior articular facet (ribs 2-9)
tubercle articular facet (ribs 1-10)
complete articular facet (ribs 1, 10-12)

75
Q

what are true ribs

A

ribs that attach to the sternum with their own cartilage

76
Q

what are false ribs

A

ribs that attach to the sternum with cartilage of rib 7

77
Q

what are floating ribs

A

ribs that do not attach to the sternum

78
Q

which ribs are true, false, and floating

A

true - ribs 1-7
false - ribs 8-10
floating - ribs 11-12

79
Q

location/function of hyoid bone

A

sits just superior to the larynx, held in place by muscles, cartilage, and ligaments
aids in tongue movement and swallowing
serves as an attachment point for larynx and trachea

80
Q

purpose of foramen magnum

A

passageway for spinal cord to reach brain

81
Q

purpose of jugular foramen

A

passageway for internal jugular vein, bringing blood from brain to heart

82
Q

purpose of carotid canal

A

passageway for internal carotid artery, bringing blood from heart to head

83
Q

purpose of optic canal

A

passageway for optic nerve (vision)

84
Q

purpose of external auditory meatus

A

opening for sound transmission to reach inner ear

85
Q

purpose of internal auditory meatus

A

opening for vestibulocochlear (hearing) nerve to reach brain

86
Q

what are the various features that are part of the ethmoid bone

A

superior nasal concha, middle nasal concha, perpendicular plate, cribiform plate, crista gali, olfactory foramina

87
Q

purpose of superior and middle nasal concha

A

forms lateral wall of nasal cavity, allowing olfactory neurons in (smell)

88
Q

purpose of cribiform plate

A

holds olfactory bulb

89
Q

purpose of crista gali

A

separates the left and right olfactory nerves for smell

90
Q

purpose of olfactory foramina

A

olfactory neurons pass through foramen into nasal cavity

91
Q

purpose of inferior nasal concha (ae) bone

A

forms lateral wall of nasal cavity, sits inferior to middle nasal concha

92
Q

what are the various features of the sphenoid bone

A

hypophyseal fossa, dorsum sellae, sella turcica

93
Q

purpose of sella turcica

A

part of the sphenoid bone, holds pituitary gland

94
Q

purpose of hypophyseal fossa

A

pituitary gland sits within the fossa

95
Q

purpose of dorsum sellae

A

back of the “seat” for pituitary gland

96
Q

purpose of petrous part of the temporal bone

A

inner ear sits deep to this bone, has the internal auditory meatus

97
Q

purpose of alveolus (alveoli)

A

tooth sockets which house teeth

98
Q

purpose of alveolar processes

A

the ridges which surrounds alveoli.

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions