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Anatomy > lab 1 - basics of anatomy > Flashcards

lab 1 - basics of anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

describe basic anatomic position

A

the standard reference position of the human body
body is upright, facing forward, arms and legs straight, palms facing forward, feet flat on the ground, eyes open
all anatomical descriptions are in reference to the anatomic position
right and left are backwards (talking from the patients perspective)

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2
Q

describe the use of directional terms

A

used to describe the location of one part of the body relative to another, usually with respect to anatomical position

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3
Q

anterior

A

towards the front
ex. the heart is anterior to the spinal cord

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4
Q

posterior

A

towards the back
ex. the kidneys are posterior to the small intestine

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5
Q

superior

A

above
ex. the lungs are superior to the diaphragm

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6
Q

inferior

A

below
ex. the small intestine is inferior to the transverse colon

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7
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of origin (appendicular)
ex. the axillary region is proximal to the carpal region

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8
Q

distal

A

further from the point of origin (appendicular)
ex. the palmar region is distal to the anticubital region

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9
Q

medial

A

towards the midline
ex. the heart is medial to the right and left lungs

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10
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline
ex. the kidneys are lateral to the spinal cord

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11
Q

superficial

A

towards the surface
ex. the epidermis is superfical to the hair follicles

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12
Q

deep

A

away from the surface
ex. the heart is deep to the peritoneum

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13
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side of the body
ex. the right kidney is ipsilateral to the right lung

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14
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of the body
ex. the right lung is contralateral to the left lung

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15
Q

cranial region

A

top of head

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16
Q

frontal region

A

forehead

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17
Q

orbital region

A

eye sockets

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18
Q

nasal region

A

nose

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19
Q

buccal region

A

cheeks

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20
Q

otic region

A

ears

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21
Q

oral region

A

mouth

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22
Q

occipital region

A

back of head above hairline

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23
Q

nuchal region

A

top of neck along hairline

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24
Q

mental region

A

chin

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25
Q

cervical region

A

front and back side of neck

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26
Q

acromial region

A

shoulder

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27
Q

scapular region

A

scapula back area

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28
Q

sternal region

A

sternum, midline of chest

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29
Q

thoracic region

A

upper chest

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30
Q

axillary region

A

armpit

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31
Q

mammary region

A

boob

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32
Q

brachial region

A

upper arm, above elbow

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33
Q

antecubital region

A

front of elbow

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34
Q

vertebral region

A

spine

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35
Q

abdominal region

A

abdomen area, above belly button below chesticles

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36
Q

umbilical region

A

belly button

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37
Q

antebrachial region

A

forearm, below elbow

38
Q

carpal region

A

wrist

39
Q

manual region

A

back of palm

40
Q

palmar region

A

palm, front of hand

41
Q

digital region

A

fingers

42
Q

pelvic region

A

pelvis area, right below belly button, above start of thigh

43
Q

lumbar region

A

lower back, above crack

44
Q

gluteal region

A

butt cheeks

45
Q

inguinal region

A

below pelvic region, right next to genitals at the start of thigh

46
Q

pubic region

A

genitals

47
Q

femoral region

A

thigh

48
Q

patellar region

A

knee

49
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

50
Q

crural region

A

below knee, shin

51
Q

sural region

A

right below popliteal region, back of lower leg (shin)

52
Q

tarsal region

A

ankle

53
Q

pedal region

A

top of foot

54
Q

calcaneal region

A

heel

55
Q

plantar

A

bottom of foot

56
Q

cephalic region

A

entire head

57
Q

purpose of body cavities

A

enclose certain regions of the body and house specific organs (or organ systems)

58
Q

what are body cavities lined with, what is the purpose

A

specific membranes
acts to protect and lubricate the organs (or organ systems) within a cavity

59
Q

cranial cavity

A

contains the brain
lined by meninges (various membranes
is part of the posterior cavity (along with vertebral cavity

60
Q

vertebral cavity (canal)

A

contains spinal cord
lined by meninges
also part of the posterior cavity (along with cranial cavity)

61
Q

thoracic cavity

A

superior to diaphragm
contains the pleural cavities, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

62
Q

posterior cavity

A

contains the cranial and vertebral cavities

63
Q

pleural cavities

A

contains the lungs
lined by pleural membrane
within the thoracic cavity

64
Q

mediastinum

A

contains the heart, large heart vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus
within the thoracic cavities

65
Q

pericardial cavity

A

contains the heart
lined by pericardium
within the thoracic cavity

66
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

inferior to the diaphragm
contains the peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity

67
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

contains organs of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, lined by a peritoneal membrane (abdominal and lymphatic organs)
within the abdominopelvic cavity

68
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains the digestive organs
within the abdominopelvic cavity
contains abdominal viscera

69
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
within the abdominopelvic cavity

70
Q

point to the four surface quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

-

71
Q

point to the nine abdominal regions

A

-

72
Q

what organs are contained within the right upper quadrant

A

liver, pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, transverse colon,
right adrenal gland, right kidney

73
Q

what organs are contained within the right lower quadrant

A

small intestine, ascending colon, appendix, urinary bladder,
part of right kidney, right ureter, right over and uterine tube (f), right spermatic cord (m)

74
Q

what organs are contained within the left upper quadrant

A

liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon,
left adrenal gland, left kidney

75
Q

what organs are contained within the left lower quadrant

A

small intestine, descending colon, urinary bladder,
part of left kidney, left ureter, left ovary and uterine tube (f), left spermatic cord (m), sigmoid colon

76
Q

what are the nine abdominal regions in order

A

right hypochondriac region epigastric region left hypochondriac region

right lumbar region umbilical region left lumbar region

right iliac (inguinal) region hypogastric (pubic) region left iliac (inguinal) region

77
Q

what are planes of section

A

used to describe how the human body has been divided
generally associated with dissection and images of the body or ogans

78
Q

what are the three main types of sections we use

A

sagittal (mid or para)
frontal
transverse

79
Q

describe a midsagittal section

A

dividing the body into equal left and right halves

80
Q

describe a parasagittal section

A

dividing the body into unequal right and left halves

81
Q

describe a frontal section

A

dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections

82
Q

describe a transverse section

A

dividing the body into superior and inferior sections

83
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the integumentary system

A

skin (epidermis, dermis, hair, nails)
protection, absorption

84
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, tendons
movement

85
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the muscular system

A

muscles, fascia
movement

86
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the nervous system

A

brain, nerves, spinal cord
memory, cognition, senses, basic bodily functions, etc.

87
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the endocrine system

A

glands, hypothalamus, kidneys, pancreas, reproductive organs
communication, secretion, absorption, waste excretion, growth, etc.

88
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the cardiovascular system

A

heart, arteries, veins
pumping blood, oxygenating whole body

89
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes, lymph vessels and trunks
transporting fluids, absorbing fats, immune responses

90
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the digestive system

A

intestine (sm and lg). liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach, esophagus, mouth, rectum, anus
digestion, nutrient absorption, waste excretion, etc.

91
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the urinary system

A

bladder, ureters, urethra, kidney, etc.
waste excretion, nutrient absorption

92
Q

what are the major organs/functions of the male and female reproductive systems

A

vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, etc.
penis, testes, spermatic cord, prostate gland, etc.
both function for reproduction, hormone production, etc.

Anatomy (11 decks)

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