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PATHO > Laboratory tests and values > Flashcards

Laboratory tests and values Flashcards

1
Q

Sars-CoV-2 diagnostic

A

molecular test - detect RNA

diagnoses active coronavirus infection

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2
Q

Lab values provide a PT with

A

supplemental information

help develop POC

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3
Q

abnormal values

A

represent physiological deviations that may require mod in PT

disrupted homeostasis

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4
Q

reference values

A

must compare patients value to range reported from specific lab
aware of units

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5
Q

establishing a reference range

A

large number of tests on healthy individuals

values with 2 SDs of the mean are typically considered norm

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6
Q

lab values used for screening

A

blood lipid profiles

glucose

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7
Q

lab values used for diagnosis

A

cardiac enzymes
liver dysfx
glucose insulin

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8
Q

lab values used for monitoring

A

hemoglobin A1C

liver fx/enzymes

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9
Q

screening

A

screening is not diagnostic

used on pop in an effort to identify individuals who are at risk

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10
Q

diagnostic test

A

they are both sensitive and specific

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11
Q

blood platelet norm

A

150,000-300,000(450,000) cells/mm3

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12
Q

decreased RBC

A

anemia, blood loss, dietary insufficiency

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13
Q

increased RBC

A

polycythemia vera

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14
Q

RBC absolute numbers
M
F

A

Male: 4.5-5.3 X 106/mm3
Female: 4.1-5.1 X 106/mm3

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15
Q

Hb numbers

A

Male: 13-18 g/dl
Female: 12-16 g/dl

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16
Q

Hct numbers

A

Male: 37-49%
Female: 36-46%

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17
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

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18
Q

WBC if low

A

proper hand hygiene

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19
Q

low platelet count

A

increased risk of bleeding

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20
Q

extremely low platelet count

15,000-20,000

A

severe bleeding can occur

platelet transfusion may be required

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21
Q

ANC

A

absolute neutrophil count

reflects bodies ability to fight infection

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22
Q 
ANC - NCI risk 
0
1
2
3
4
A 
0- WNL
1
≥1500 - <2000/mm³
2
≥1000 - <1500/mm³
3
≥500 - <1000/mm³
4
< 500/mm³
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23
Q

prothrombin time (PT) and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) used

A

to determine coagulability either diagnostically or to monitor drugs

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24
Q

Prothrombin time norm

A

12-15s

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25
Q

aPTT norm

A

30-40s

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26
Q

INR (international normalized ratio)

A

determining clotting time

27
Q

INR =

A

prothrombin test / prothrombin control

28
Q

electrolytes

k

A

k = 3.5-5 mmol/L

29
Q

sodium is what

A

critical determinant of blood volume

30
Q

blood volume

A

135-145 mEq/L

31
Q

hypernatremia

A

elevated sodium concentration

32
Q

hyponatremia

A

depressed sodium concentration

33
Q

potassium is what

A

particularly important for normal cell excitability

34
Q

hyperkalemia

A

membrane potential closer to threshhold

35
Q

hypokalemia

A

leads to hyperpolarization

36
Q

calcium association

A

hyperparathyroidism - excessive release of parathyroid hormnone

37
Q

hypocalcemia

A

osteoporosis and renal disease

38
Q

hypercalcemia

A

associated with hyperparathyroidism - osteoporosis

kidney stones

39
Q

hyperglycemia

A

elevated blood glucose

> 200 mg/dl

40
Q

glucose norms

A

100-126

41
Q

hypoglycemia

A

less than 70

42
Q

hemoglobin A1C

A

test of long term glycemic control

43
Q

if blood glucose is >250 and ketosis is present

A

avoid PT

44
Q

if blood glucose is >300 and no ketosis is present

A

avoid PT

45
Q

Creatinine norm

A

M - .6-1.2

F - .5-1.1

46
Q

BUN - blood urea nitrogen norm

A

6-20

47
Q

when does BUN increase

A

with decreased kidney fx

48
Q

bilirubin norm

A

0.1-1

49
Q

bilirubin is used for

A

assess liver fx

50
Q

normally RBC production =

A

RBC destruction

51
Q

blood accumulation of bilirubin can lead to

A

jaundice

52
Q

Elevated serum bilirubin

A

increased rates of RBC destruction

53
Q

albumin is

A

a protein synth in the liver

54
Q

albumin constitutes

A

2/3s of blood proteins

55
Q

lower than normal albumin

A

liver disease / malnutrition

56
Q

conditions associated with serum lvls albumin

A

ascites
burns
malabsorption

57
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

this kidney disease allows albumin to enter the kidneys nephrons to be excreted - bad - too much albumin in urine

58
Q

urinalysis color

A

reflects concentration of urin

pale yellow is normal

59
Q

specific gravity ratio

A

Density of a substance (urine)/density of a reference substance (water)

60
Q

specific gravity increased

A

suggests an increased concentration of solutes in the urine which in turn suggests dehydration

61
Q

urine pH

A

4.6-8

62
Q

what types of lab tests are diagnostic

A

molecular and antigen

63
Q

what type of lab tests are not diagnostic

A

antibody

64
Q

A1C norm

A

less than 5 good more than 7 bad

PATHO (6 decks)

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