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PATHO > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreas which are exo which are endo

A

exo are digestive enzymes

Endo glucagon and insulin

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2
Q

emphysema is what type of lung disease

A

obstructive

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3
Q

physical exam of restrictive

A

cyanosis
digital clubbling
cor pulmonale

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4
Q

obesity hypoventilation Syndome

A

Hypoventilation w/ hypercapnia hypoxemia

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5
Q

hypoxia

A

low o2 in tissue

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6
Q

hypoxemia

A

low o2 in the blood

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7
Q

chronic interstitial disease

A

progressive scarring of lung tissue

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8
Q

pneumonociosis

A

breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage the lungs

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9
Q

chest wall disorders

A 
neuromuscular -phrenic
skeletal deformities
post surgical -  ab and thorac
obesity
collagen vascular disease
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10
Q

CF

A

disorder of an ion transport Na and CL - thickens the the mucosa in the respiratory system

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11
Q

CF managaement

A

chest drainage and percussion therapy

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12
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid that leaks into the pulmonary IS - accumulates in alveolar space

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13
Q

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

can be systemic
leads to hypoxemia - from limited air in alveoli
widespread inflammation of the lungs

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14
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of normally expanded and aerated lung tissue at ANY STRUCTURAL LEVEL

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15
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal collection of of air in the pleural space - collapses lung

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16
Q

small cell vs non small cell lung cancer

A

small cell - located centrally near the hilum, metastasis before Dx
Non small cell - most common

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17
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

5-10 mmHg above normal

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18
Q

PE

A

clot in the venous system causes blockage in the pulmunary circulation - causes R heart dys

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19
Q

UTI

A

women higher risk
the higher it gets the worse it is
UTI leaves higher risk for systemic infection and sepsis

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20
Q

pyelonnephritis

A

infection of the kidney from UTI

21
Q

AFR acute renal failure

A

abrupt decrease in renal function

22
Q

chronic kidney disease causes

A

gradual loss of kidney function
causes DM and HTN
- Endothelial lining of capillaries and bowmans capsule is damage with uncontrolled DM & HTN → kidney disease → eventually lead to CKD

23
Q

hemodialysis

A

movement driven by cardiac function

removes blood from body and cleans it and sends it back in

24
Q

most common cause of CKD

A

dibetric nephropathy

25
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of renal pelvis due to backup of urine casued by a renal calculi

26
Q

neurogenic bladder disorder

A

can’t control bladder

could be detrusor muscle

27
Q

functional incontince

A

normal urine control but who have trouble reaching a toilet in time b/c of mm or jt dysfunction
fall risk

28
Q

stress incontinence

A

loss of urine during Activities that increase intra abdominal pressure (coughing, laughing, valsalva maneuver)

29
Q

urge incontinece

A

sudden and unexpected urge to urinate and an inability to prevent the loss of urine

30
Q

overflow incontinence

A

constant leaking of urin from bladder that is full but unable to be emptied

31
Q

pyers patches GI anatomy

A

immune fx

32
Q

crohns disease

A

fibrosis of the SI - nutrients absorption becomes compromised

33
Q

diverticular disesase

A

outpouching in the wall of the colon or SI

34
Q

achlasia

A

failure of smooth muscle to relax in lower esophagus

35
Q

hematochezia

A

blood in stoool injury to lower colon

36
Q

melena

A

black stool bleeding in intestines

37
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the serous membrane lining the walls of abdominal cavity

38
Q

liver lobule

A

functional unity liver

39
Q

portal vein hypertention retrograde to wherer

A

stomach spleen LI SI rectum and esophogus

40
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A

elevated blood ammonia
decerebrate posturing
positive babinskis

41
Q

islets of langerhans
alpha
beta
delta

A

alpha - glucagon
beta - insulin
delta - somatostatin

42
Q

zymogens

A

storage form of digestive enzymes - pancreas

43
Q

acute pancreatitis

A

Occurs when there is an abnormal activation of digestive enzymes within pancreas or breakdown in Zymogens
can become systemicc- hyperglycemia

44
Q

whipple procedure

A

directly connect liver and pancreas to SI bc of pancreatic CA

45
Q

DM II comorbidities

A

diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy

46
Q

PVD

A

reduced BF to periphery

47
Q

CVD and DM

A

major cause of mortality for person with DM

48
Q

downsyndrom

A

overexpressino of genes found in chromosome 21

higher risk for DM, CV, and alzheimers

49
Q

spina bifida
meningocele
myelomeningocele

A

Spina Bifida - incomplete fusion of the posterior vertebral arch
Meninges do not protrude
Meningocele - external protrusion of meninges
Meninges are forced into gaps w/in vertebrae
Minor disabilities
Myelomeningocele (most severe)- protrusion of the meninges and SC

PATHO (6 decks)

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