INTRO

Question 1

pathophysiology

Answer 1

the disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury

Question 2

pathologic

Answer 2

involving, caused by, or of the nature of a physical or mental disease.

Question 3

etiologic

Answer 3

causes of disease

Question 4

pathogenesis

Answer 4

developing a disease (mechanism)

Question 5

morphology

Answer 5

study of form and structure

Question 6

sign vs symptom

Answer 6

sign is objective evidence like blood in stool skin rash

symptom is sensed by the patient like stomach ache low back pain

Question 7

clinical vs subclinical disease states

Answer 7

subclinical is not severe enough to present symptoms

Question 8

acute vs chronic

Answer 8

acute is short - rapid onset

chronic is long - often results in permanent impairment

Question 9

sequela

Answer 9

a condition that is the consequence of a previous disease

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

Preservation of a constant internal environment in a changing external environment

Question 11

positive vs negative feedback loop

Answer 11

positive is encouraging the action that is happening – childbirth

negative is going the opposite way of the action – water retention sodium retention ect

Question 12

complications

Answer 12

a medical prblm that occurs during a disease or after a procedure

Question 13

resolution

Answer 13

reduction in the severity of a pathological state

Question 14

illness

Answer 14

sickness or deviation from healthy state

Question 15

disease

Answer 15

tend to be chronic

biological or psychological alteration resulting in organ/system dysfunction

Question 16

germ model

Answer 16

caused by microorganism

Question 17

biomedical model

Answer 17

driven by a cause and effect relationship

Question 18

cell injury general overview

Answer 18

cellular response

cellular concequence

Question 19

cellular response of an insult depends on

Answer 19

type of insult
severity of insult
duration of insult

Question 20

cellular consequences of an insult depends on

Answer 20

Type of insult
Status of cells at time of insult
Adaptability of cells
Genetic makeup of cells

Question 21

mechanisms of cell injury

Answer 21

Reduced O2 availability
Ischemia/hypoxia/hypoxemia
Aberrant immune reactions (RA)
Infectious agents (lyme disease)
Genetic abnormalities (Cystic Fibrosis)
Nutritional imbalance (Ricketts)
Physical  factors/Injury
Free radical damage

Question 22

ischemia

Answer 22

blood flow below min necessary to maintain cel homestasis

Question 23

hypoxia or anoxia

Answer 23

deficiency or absence of O2

Question 24

Exotoxin vs endotoxin

Answer 24

exo released into surrounding medium

endo remain in cell until death

Question 25

sepsis

Answer 25

the presence of microorganisms or their toxins in the blood

Question 26

septic shock

Answer 26

Endothelial cell damage, reduced blood volume, maldistribution of blood flow results in cardiovascular collapse or septic shock

Question 27

Virus

Answer 27

virally coed proteins disrupt internal components of cell

Question 28

nutritional deficiencies

Answer 28

Caloric deficiencies
Caloric excess
Caloric imbalance
Nutritional Deficiencies 
Specific nutritional deficiencies

Question 29

Consequences of cell injury

Answer 29

mild 
- reversible
- inflammation
moderate
- not going to return to normal state
- inflammation
severe
- death

injury to cells which make up tissues can in turn reduce organ fx

Question 30

reversible cell injury

Answer 30

many PT interventions designed to influence this process

Question 31

chronic cell injury

Answer 31

represents an adaptation to a chronic insult

leads to decrease in fx

Question 32

irreversible cell injry

Answer 32

cell death

occurs secondary to apoptosis or necrosis

Question 33

adaptation to chronic insult

Answer 33

A chronic insult may cause materials to accumulate in cells
Fats (binge drinking)
Cholesterol (atherosclerotic lesions)

Question 34

atrophy

Answer 34

decrease in size secondary to loss of substances or cell number

Question 35

hypertrophy

Answer 35

opposite of atrophy

Question 36

hyperplasia

Answer 36

increase in cell number –> increase in organ size

Question 37

metaplasia

Answer 37

one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

Question 38

dysplasia

Answer 38

abnormal tissue growth or development

Question 39

autophagy

Answer 39

catabolism of cellular components (cannibalism)

Question 40

necrosis

Answer 40

results in cell death within living tissuee

Question 41

coagulative necrosis

Answer 41

A type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction

Question 42

gangrenous necrosis

Answer 42

Gangrene is death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection.