Laboratory Analysis Flashcards
Qualitative Analysis
determines whether or not a certain substance is present in a sample
- shows what is in a sample
- often involves classifying or categorizing data
Quantitative Analysis
determines the amount of a certain substance in a sample
-tells you how much of something is in a sample
Flame Tests
determines which atoms (metal ions) are present in a mixture
-wire dipped into a solution or powder with a metal, place into a burner flame, heat from flame excites metal ions and produces different colors (colors can be the same for multiple metals, doesn’t work for all metals)
Spectroscopy
determines the molecular structure and chemical composition of a substance
-identifies the way that the substances absorb and emit energy in the form of light.
Spectral Lines
a spectrometer can be used to record the spectrum of light emitted or absorbed by a substance. The emissions and absorptions are called spectral lines. They let you know the chemical composition of a substance.
Examples of spectroscopy are…..
- infrared spectroscopy (IR)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
- Raman spectroscopy
- ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS)
Titration
used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution
-useful in determining the concentration of the acid or base in a solution
Steps of Titration
1) known volume of a solution of unknown concentration is poured into an Erlenmeyer flask
2) titrant that is known to react with the solute in the solution is added in small amounts to the solution until a reaction takes place.
3) once the reaction takes place, then you know the volume of titrant needed to produce the reaction. then you can calculate the concentration of the solute in the solution
Titrant
a known concentration solution that is added to a solution that has an unknown concentration and a reaction occurs (titration)
