Basic Nomenclature Flashcards
Ions with a single atom
Monoatomic ions
Monoatomic cations (positive charge/metals)
keep the same name as the element
ex: potassium ion
What do you do if a metal forms different cations?
Use Roman numerals to show the oxidation state/charge
Fe2+=iron(II) ion
Many of the transition metals can take on different ___ and still be stable
charges
Monoatomic anions (negative charge/nonmetals)
replace the end of the element name with -ide
ex: Cl- = Chloride
When writing a polyatomic ion, the name of the ___ is first and the name of the ___ is second.
cation; anion
positive; negative
Polyatomic cations
replace the end of the element name with -ium
ex: NH4+ = ammonium ion
Polyatomic anions
it depends. Most are also written with -ide.
ex: OH- = Hydroxide
Polyatomic anions with an oxygen (oxyanion)
replace the end of the element name with -ate or -ite
(-ate = higher oxygen number -ite = lower oxygen number)
(ex: SO4 -2= Sulfate ion SO3 -2= Sulfite ion)
Ions that contain hydrogen and an oxyanion
add hydrogen(H) or dihydrogen(H2) at the beginning and -ate or -ite at the end
Chemical compounds that release hydrogen cations when dissolved in water (H+ donors) are ____
acids (generally composed of an anion and an H+ cation)
Binary Acids are composed of _____________
nothing but hydrogen and one other element (do NOT contain oxygen). only 2 elements
Binary Acids
start with prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic
ex: HCl= Hydrochloric Acid
Oxyacids contain _____
hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element
Oxyacids (-ate)
start with -ate anion name and replace -ate with -ic. add word “acid”.
Oxyacids (-ite)
start with -ite anion and replace -ite with -ous. add word “acid”.
Binary compounds are (generally) composed of ____
an anion and cation (metal and nonmetal)
Treat polyatomic ions as a ____
single element
Oxyacid with one less oxygen than “-ite”
“hypo-“ and “-ous”
Oxyacid with one more oxygen than “-ate”
“per-“ “-ic”
Salts are composed of ____
cations and anions
metals and nonmetals
Salts
“ate”/”ite” + salt
Salt with one less oxygen than “-ate”
“hypo-“ + “-ate”
Salt with one more oxygen than “-ite”
“per” + “-ite”
