Labor & Delivery Flashcards
1
Q
Stages of Labor - Stage 1
- Contractions
- Labor
- Cervix –> 10
A
12-24+ hours before birth
- Contractions become increasingly stronger and more rhythmic
- Majority of labor experience
- Cervix dilates from closed to 10 centimeters for passage of fetus through birth canal
2
Q
Stages of Labor - Stage 2
- P I –> C to V
- Crowing
- Birth
A
<1+ hour before birth
- Pushing of the infant through cervix to the vagina
- Crowning : baby’s head appears
- Finally the baby is born
3
Q
Stages of Labor - Stage 3
- Placenta
A
Minutes after birth
- Placenta is expelled
4
Q
Approaches to Childbirth
(BP. L. B. PM)
A
- Birth plans - different types
- Lamaze - taught breathing techniques to deal with pain
- Bradley - natural labor without pain medications and with partner support instead
- Pain medications – oral, IV, or epidural
5
Q
Birth Complications
- SD
- H/CC
- Pre
A
- Shoulder dystocia
- Hypoxia or Cord compression
- Prematurity
6
Q
Shoulder dystocia
A
Broad shoulders that are difficult to come out of the birth canal
7
Q
Hypoxia or Cord compression
- I B & O –> C section
A
Inadequate blood and oxygen to baby
- Leads to emergency C-Section
8
Q
Prematurity
- > 36 weeks
- Low birth weight - 5.5
- Very low birth weight - 3.3
- Extremely low birth weight - 2.2
A
Premature : Births before the 36th week:
a. Less than 5.5 pounds: low birth weight
b. Less than 3.3 pounds: very low birth weight
c. Below 2.2 pounds: extremely low birth weight
9
Q
Infant Mortality
- Definition –> I O o 1,000 D b 1Y
- US rate –> U 1%
- Possible Factors (L & F)
A
Infant mortality : the number of infants out of 1,000 births who die before the age of 1 year
- U.S. mortality rate is just under 1%, or 7 of 1,000
- Possible factors include :
a. Low birth weight resulting from a lack of free or inexpensive prenatal care
b. Fewer paid leaves of absence for pregnant women
