Doing Developmental Research Flashcards
1
Q
Systematic observation
A
Watching people and recording what they do
1. Naturalistic : observing in a natural setting
2. Structured : observing in a setting created by the researcher
2
Q
Sampling Behavior with Tasks
A
- Used when a behavior cannot be observed directly
- A task is created to sample the behavior of interest
3
Q
Self-reports
A
People’s answers to questions about the topic of interest
4
Q
Physiological measures
A
- Involve measuring people’s physiological responses (i.e. heart rate, cortisol levels) to focus on a particular aspect of a person’s behavior
5
Q
Reliability and Validity
A
- Whether a measure provides a consistent index of a characteristic (reliability) and whether it really measures what we think it measures (validity)
6
Q
Representative sampling
A
- Must reflect the characteristics of the population of interest
7
Q
Correlational studies
- Correlation coefficient –> S & D
A
- Study relationships between variables
- Correlation coefficient : expresses the strength and direction of a relation between two variables
8
Q
Experimental studies
- Indep V
- Depen V
A
- Involves manipulating key factor(s) that the investigator thinks causes a particular behavior.
- Independent variable : the variable being manipulated (cause)
- Dependent variable : the behavior being observed (effect or outcome).
9
Q
Qualitative research method
- G IU –> UR
A
- Involves gaining in-depth understanding of behavior by attempting to uncover reasons underlying various aspects of it
10
Q
Longitudinal studies
- O S I
- S L
A
- Observe/test the same individuals (a single cohort) repeatedly at different points in their lives
- Studies development over time and is the most direct way to watch development occur.
- Has several limitations, such as participant dropout and repeated testing effects
11
Q
Cross-sectional designs
- CG –> ViA
- U A D
- S CE
A
- Comparing groups of people varying in age at one point in time
- These studies only uncover age differences and are subject to the cohort effect
12
Q
Cohort effects
- P CS D –> D AG EE DP
A
- Problems with cross-sectional designs in which differences between age groups (cohorts) may result as easily from environmental events as from developmental processes
13
Q
Sequential designs
- M CS or LS
A
- Studies that use multiple cross-sectional or longitudinal studieis
14
Q
Meta-analysis
- SyRS
- ERV
A
- A tool that allows researchers to :
a. synthesize results of many studies
b. estimate relations between variables
15
Q
Conducting Research Ethically
(MR. DR. AD. MRA)
A
- Minimize risks to research participants.
- Describe the research to potential participants.
- Avoid deception.
- Make results anonymous or confidential.
Example : Three Identical Strangers (2018)
a. Nature v nurture
b. Research ethics and intervention
