Conception to Birth

Question 1

Zygote

How many weeks?
- Fertilization –> fallopian
- Implantation –> uterine wall, prev. men
- Germ disc –> center
- Cells –> develop. baby & placenta

Answer 1

Weeks 1 & 2

• After fertilization, the zygote travels down the fallopian tube and is implanted in the uterine wall
• Implantation triggers hormonal changes to prevent menstruation
• Center of zygote contains the germ disc
• Some cells that develop into a baby and others form the placenta, which supports baby’s development

Question 2

Embryo

How many weeks?
B Structures
- Cephalocaudal principle –> head
- Proximodistal principle –> center

• Emb. layers (Ec. Meso. Endo)
• Am
• Umb C
• Neural T –> spinal T & B

Answer 2

Weeks 3 to 8

• Body structures develop
  a. Cephalocaudal principle : structures near the head develop first
  b. Proximodistal principle : structures near the center develop first
• The three layers of the embryo develop
  a. Ectoderm
  b. Mesoderm
  c. Endoderm
• Amniotic sac fills with fluid
• Umbilical cord (its blood vessels) connects the embryo to the placenta
• Neural tube forms; spinal cord and brain grow

Question 3

Cephalocaudal principle

Answer 3

Structures near the head develop first

Question 4

Proximodistal principle

Answer 4

Structures near the center of the body develop first

Question 5

Ectoderm

• OL –> H, S, & NS

Answer 5

Outer layer; becomes the hair, layer of skin and nervous system

Question 6

Mesoderm

• ML –> M, B, & CS

Answer 6

Middle layer; becomes muscles, bones and circulatory system

Question 7

Endoderm

• IL –> L & DS

Answer 7

Inner layer; becomes lungs and digestive system

Question 8

Fetus

How many weeks? n - te
- M –> SO - O o T
- Quickening –> M f M
- Skin T –> V
- Vernix –> P S
- Age of Viability –> f S o W
- Cerebral cortex –> S a

Answer 8

Weeks 9 to 38

• Maturation of sex organs
  a. Differentiation of the ovaries and testes
• Quickening : Movements felt by mother
• Skin thickens and covered by vernix
  a. Vernix : protective greasy substance
• Age of viability (22-28 weeks) : age at which a fetus can survive outside the womb b/c its bodily systems function adequately
• Cerebral cortex grows
  a. Senses are active and baby can remember voices, music, tastes etc

Question 9

Neonate

Answer 9

Name for infant upon birth

Question 10

4 General Risk Factors
(D. E. S. MA)

• D –> Lack N
• E –> P
• S –> I B
• MA –> TO-PA, TY-DS

Answer 10

Diet – poor diets lack necessary nutrients for proper growth of the baby

Environment - poisoning from environmental factors (pollution, led etc)

Stress – felt by the developing baby and can impair bonding

Mother’s age – being “too young” or “too old” run risks
a. Very young (⬇23) – higher chance of being pre-eclamptic
b. Older moms (⬆40) – higher risk of infant with Down’s Syndrome.

Question 11

Teratogens
(D/A.D.E)

• A –> APD

Answer 11

An agent that causes abnormal prenatal development

• Includes :
  a. Drugs/Alchohol – FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome, FASD (fetal alcohol spectrum disorder,
  b. Disease - AIDS, genital herpes etc
  c. Environment - Led, X-rays etc

Question 12

Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment

(U. A. Cvs)

Answer 12

a. ultrasound
b. amniocentesis
c. chorionic villi sampling