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*EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION LAB > LAB5- Resting Metabolic Rate > Flashcards

LAB5- Resting Metabolic Rate Flashcards

1
Q

total energy expenditure (TEE)

A

the amount of calroies (energy measured in kilocalories) burned by the human body in 1 day

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2
Q

what 3 categories is TEE divided into

A

-physical activity
-diet-induced thermogenesis
-resting energy expenditure

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3
Q

physical activity is what % of TEE

A

30%

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4
Q

physical activity aspect of TEE varies greatly depending onw hat

A

the client’s activity level

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5
Q

diet-induced thermogenesis

A

refers to the increase in energy expenditure that follows the ingestion of food

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6
Q

diet-induced thermogenesis is what % of TEE

A

10%

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7
Q

resting energy expenditure is what % of TEE

A

60%

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8
Q

determinants of physical activity in TEE

A

-intensity
-duration
-body weight
-genetics

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9
Q

determinants of diet-induced thermogenesis in TEE

A

-amount of food + composition
-hormones/SNS

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10
Q

determinants of resting energy expenditure in TEE

A

-body weight
-height
-fat free mass (SMM + OM)
-fat mass
-age
-gender
-hormones (thyroid, leptin, insulin, etc.)
-SNS

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11
Q

resting metabolic rate

A

the energy required to maintain physiological functions when the body is at complete rest

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12
Q

what unit is resting metabolic rate measured in

A

kilocalories

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13
Q

biological definition of resting metabolic rate

A

the amount of energy expended when an individual is awake, in a postabsorptive, thermoneutral state while having not exercised for typically 12hr

-not asleep because when sleeping your body becomes paralyzed + energy works differently

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14
Q

RMR is known at ___

A

REE (resting energy expenditure)

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15
Q

is RMR synonymous with basal metabolic rate

A

no

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16
Q

what energy does RMR include

A

energy used for breathing, heart contractions, organ functions, basic neurological functions, etc.

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17
Q

RMR is monitored in…

A

many chronic disorders + conditions

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18
Q

RMR is an extremely important value for who

A

clients that want to change their body composition

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19
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

minimal energy expenditure for survival
-basic bodily functions, such as breathing, circulating blood + growing + repairing cells
-think survival, bare minimum

`

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20
Q

BMR is measured after a ____ hour fast

A

14-18 hour

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21
Q

BMR requires that client abstained from exercise for at least ___ hours

A

24 hours

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22
Q

BMR is easy/difficult to measure clinically

A

difficult

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23
Q

resting metabolic rate (RMR)
distinction from BMR

A

similar to BMR but does not exclude all calories from digestion (thus the shorter fast) + does not have as strict of a protocol on restrictions from exercise before the measurement

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24
Q

RMR is measured after a ____ hour fast

A

4-8 hour

25
Q

RMR requires client to have abstained from exercise for at least ____ hours

A

12 hours

26
Q

RMR or BMR is always higher

A

RMR

27
Q

RMR is ____% higher than BMR

A

10%

28
Q

RMR/BMR is a better indicator of daily needs + what the body will use on a day-to-day basis

A

RMR

29
Q

during sleep you are closer to RMR/BMR

A

BMR

30
Q

factors affecting BMR

A

-lean body mass
-age
-gender
-body size
-genes
-ethnicity
-stress
-hormones
-starvation
-environmental temperature
-caffeine
-drugs

31
Q

**what are the 2 biggest factors that affect BMR

A

-lean body mass
-body size

32
Q

factors that affect BMR- lean body mass

A

the biggest factor in predicting metabolic rate
-muscle requires 6x the amount of energy that fat does to maintain

33
Q

muscle requires ___x the amount of energy than fat does to maintain

A

6x more than fat

34
Q

factors affecting BMR- body size

A

surface area is a large contributor to metabolism in endotherms
-at rest, radiation is the main method of dissipating heat

35
Q

at rest, ____ is the main method of dissipating heat

A

radiation

36
Q

5 methods of estimating RMR (via equations)

A

all of these are different for men vs women

-body surface area (BSA)
-Harris-Benedict equations
-fat-free mass (FFM)
-quick estimate in lbs BW
-quick estimate in kg BW

37
Q

for BSA estimate equation, what do we use

A

nomogram

38
Q

how to use nomogram to estimate BSA

A

-choose height
-choose weight
-draw a line + the middle nomogram intercept value is the BSA

39
Q

2 ways metabolic rate is measured

A

-direct calorimetry
-indirect calorimetry

40
Q

direct calorimetry

A

measures heat production

41
Q

first direct calorimeter used on humans

A

Atwater-Rosa calorimeter created in 1897

42
Q

indirect calorimetry

A

measures O2 consumption

43
Q

the Atwater-Rosa calorimeter was compared to indirect calorimetry measurements gathered with what

A

an open circuit Pettenkofer system
-the 2 had extremely similar numbers

44
Q

equation showing indirect vs direct calorimetry

A

food + O2 -> ATP + H20 + CO2 + heat
-O2 = indirect
-heat = direct

45
Q

4 indirect calorimetry assumptions

A
  1. any fuel consumed has an intrinsic energy content that upon metabolic modifications in the living system will result in heat or energy production
  2. the combination or synthesis of carbohydrate, fat, or protein is the end result of all the biochemical reactions occurring in the body
  3. the oxidation of glucose, fat, or protein results in a substance-specific ratio between the quantities of O2 consumed + CO2 produced
  4. loss of substrates is negligible in feces + urine
46
Q

why are small errors made in indirect calorimetry

A

because of the metabolism of minerals is not accounted for in the second assumption + that fat + protein don’t have uniform properties which slightly affect the accuracy of assumption 3 (aka the oxidation of glucose, fat, or protein reuslts in a substance-specific ratio between the quantiteis of O2 consumed + CO2 produced)

47
Q

regardless of the macronutrient used, with every liter of oxygen consumed by the body, ____ kcal are burned

A

5 kcal

48
Q

protocol to measure RMR using indirect calorimetry

A
  1. ensure the metabolic cart is in a quiet, dim location where the client can relax
  2. explain the procedure to the client + properly fit them with the mask
  3. have the client lay down in a comfortable position on their back
  4. instruct the client to remain as still as possible for the remainder of the test + to avoid falling asleep
  5. turn the lights down, begin data collection with the metabolic cart
  6. the subject will lay still for 15-20 minutes
  7. at the end of that time, stop the metabolic cart + take the client’s mark off
  8. the client’s RMR will be an average of the lowest minute of VO2 values shown during the test
  9. take the relative RMR + convert into calories per day
49
Q

ACSM metabolic equations

A

often when prescribing exercise, there won’t be any indirect calorimetry values to base the prescription
-in these situations trainers + physiologists can use the ACSM metabolic equations to estimate calorie expenditure or VO2

50
Q

ACSM metabolic equations are used to estimate what

A

the VO2/calories of some frequently used modes of exercises: running, walking, stair stepping, cycle ergometry and arm ergometry

51
Q

when were the ACSM equations calculated

A

1960s
-but remain relatively accurate

52
Q

who created the ACSM walking equation

A

DB Dill
-famous physiologist + founding director of Harvard Fatigue Lab

53
Q

helpful reminders for ACSM calculation

A

-remember order of operations from algebra (PEMDAS- parentheses, exponents, multiplication + division (from left to right), addition + subtraction (from left to right)
-make sure to have the correct units for each variable; if you’re not in the correct units, then convert
-with all your answers ask if they’re logical; for instance, if you are calculating calories for a workout + your answer is 2.532 kcals, it doesn’t make sense + there must be a mistake in the calculations

54
Q

ACSM calculations- the answers should be in relative/absolute VO2

A

RELATIVE

55
Q

ACSM calculations- if you calculate a value for exercising VO2 that’s not between ____ mL/kg/min and ____ mL/kg/min you did something wrong

A

10-75 mL/kg/min

56
Q

**energy equivalency flowchart
KNOW how to go forwards/backwards

A

METS -> x3.5
relative VO2 (mL/kg/min) -> x [BW (kg) / 1000]
absolute VO2 (L/min) -> x5
kcal/min -> x total # minutes
total kcal

57
Q

units for relative VO2

A

mL/kg/min

58
Q

units for absolute VO2

A

L/min

*EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION LAB (10 decks)

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