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*EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION LAB > LAB 10- Balance Assessments > Flashcards

LAB 10- Balance Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

balance is a key component of ____

A

functional fitness

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2
Q

balance is skill/health-related component of fitness

A

skill-related

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3
Q

what does balance demand

A

high levels of other components of fitness (e.g., strength, flexibility, reaction time, coordination)

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4
Q

balance training is emerging as what

A

one of the top 10 exercise trends

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5
Q

for seniors, why is balance extremely important

A

to maintenance of independent living status + successful completion of ADLs

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6
Q

what does balance training help prevent

A

falls

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7
Q

**define balance

A

the ability to keep the body’s center of gravity (COG) within the base of support when maintaining a static position, performing voluntary movements, or reacting to external disturbances

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8
Q

**3 types of balance

A

-static
-dynamic
-functional

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9
Q

**static balance

A

the ability to maintain COG within the supporting base while standing or sitting

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10
Q

**dynamic balance

A

maintaining an upright position while COG + base of support are moving + the COG is moving outside of the supporting base

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11
Q

**functional balance

A

the ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance

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12
Q

**the further the COG from the base of support…

A

lower stability

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13
Q

**the bigger (broader) the base of support…

A

higher stability

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14
Q

what 2 programs increase the ability to maintain + improve balance through improving stability

A

resistance training + stretching programs

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15
Q

what exercises can challenge balance response + provide variety

A

exercising on unstable surfaces

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16
Q

____, ____, + ____ programs are more effective than ____ for reducing risk of falling

A

-balance, resistance, + flexibility training
-endurance training

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17
Q

has an optimal fall prevention program been significantly identified yet

A

no

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18
Q

what do fall prevention programs generally include

A

a mix of balance, resistance, flexibility, + plyometric exercises

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19
Q

many balance test batteries are ____

A

comprehensive
-include multiple test items to assess both static + dynamic balance

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20
Q

are there test batteries solely for dynamic/static/functional

A

yes

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21
Q

how are DIRECT measures of balance obtained

A

using computerized force plate devices
-very similar to tire alignment + balance

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22
Q

**3 static balance tests

A

-Romberg tests
-unipedal stance test
-clinical test of sensory integration of balance

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23
Q

Romberg tests

A

measure static balance while standing with eyes open + eyes closed
-named after Moritz Romberg
-incorrectly used as a field sobriety
-multiple variations

static balance test

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24
Q

unipedal stance test

A

timed one-leg stance test that provides simple measure of static balance
-two conditions: eyes open/eyes closed
-multiple variations- flamingo, stork, etc.

static balance test

25
Q

clinical test of sensory integration of balance

A

evaluates the contributions of the visual, proprioception, + vestibular sensory systems to balance

static balance test

26
Q

**3 dynamic balance tests

A

-functional reach tests
-timed up + go tests
-star excursion balance test

27
Q

functional reach tests

A

measure maximum distance one can reach beyond an arm’s length without losing balance or moving the feet

dynamic balance test

28
Q

timed up and go tests

A

assess dynamic balance + agility of older adults

dynamic balance test

29
Q

star excursion balance test

A

provides a significant challenge to athletes + physically active individuals

dynamic balance test

30
Q

static + dynamic balance tests are direct/indirect

A

indirect

31
Q

Y-balance test

A

allows us to quarter the body + look at how the core + each extremity function under body weight loads

32
Q

what can the Y-balance test device + protocol be used for

A

measuring pre + post rehabilitation performance, improvement after performance enhancement programs, dynamic balance for fitness programs, + return to sport readiness

33
Q

Y-balance test is a modification of what

A

star excuration balance test (SEBT)

34
Q

2 parts of the Y-balance test

A

-low quarter (YBT-LQ)
-upper quarter (YBT-UQ)

35
Q

YBT-LQ- what leg is being assessed

A

the leg you are STANDING ON

36
Q

as an integral part of Functional Movement Systems, the Y Balance Test is a thoroughly researched, yet easy way to test a client’s ____ as well as demonstrate ____

A

-motor control

-functional symmetry

37
Q

Y-balance test- “medial” means

A

on medial side of PLANTED LEG

38
Q

Y-balance test- “posterior lateral” means

A

curtsy squat

39
Q

how many trials are given to each part of Y-balance test

A

-5 practical trials
-3 actual trials

40
Q

how is each segment of the Y-balance test scored

A

take the highest of the 3 trials

41
Q

Y-balance testing order

A

-R anterior reach
-L anterior reach
-R posteromedial reach
-L posteromedial reach
-R posterolateral reach
-L posterolateral reach

42
Q

4 test faults of Y-balance test

A

-kicking push box
-not returning to starting position under control
-touching down during reach
-foot on top of stance plate

43
Q

**what do we measure for Y-balance test

A

limb length
-ASIS to medial malleolus in cm

44
Q

equation for composite score of Y-balance test

A

[(ant + PL + PM)/ (3)(limb length)] x 100

45
Q

qualification for symmetry of anterior segment of Y-balance test

A

4cm or less

46
Q

qualification for symmetry of PM/PL segments of Y-balance test

A

6cm or less

47
Q

muscular flexibility is a component of skill/health-related fitness

A

health-related fitness

48
Q

define flexibility

A

ROM of a joint or group of joints, as per the skeletal muscles + not any external forces

49
Q

how can static flexibilty be achieved

A

through the use of gravitational force, a partner, or specific exercise equipment

50
Q

define dynamic flexibility

A

the full ROM of a given joint acheived through the voluntary use of skeletal muscles in combination with external forces

51
Q

does ROM of 1 particular joint predict the ROM of other joints

A

no

52
Q

can 1 assessment tell you overall ROM for an individual

A

no

53
Q

flexibility assessment proticol

A

goniometer

54
Q

goniometer

A

similar to a protractor + is used to measure a joint’s ROM expressed in degrees

55
Q

arms of goniometer

A

2 arms
-STABILIZATION ARM that is fixed to the proximal body segment
-MOVEMENT ARM that follows the distal body segment as it is moved through its ROM

56
Q

where is the axis of the goniometer placed

A

at a predetermined anatomical landmark, generally at the joint axis of rotation

57
Q

sit-and-reach test

A

indirect measure of static flexibility of lower back + hamstring group

58
Q

assessment procedures of sit-and-reach test

A

-perform dynamic warm-up followed by a light static stretch
-place sit-and-reach box on a flat surface
-feet are flat against the box (no shoes)
-back of knees are in contact with the floor plus low back, shoulders, + head are in contact with a wall
-place a large yard or meter stick on top of the box (no need for measurement device if box is equipped)
-client reaches forward, bending at the waist with legs flat against the floor
-exhale + drop the head between the arms
-at the end point, hold this position for 2 s + then relax
-perform three times + measure to the nearest 0.25 in (0.6 cm)
-record the best result + compare to table

59
Q

how long must patient hold for sit-and-reach test to be sufficient

A

2 seconds

*EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION LAB (10 decks)

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