Lab Vocabulary - Exam 2 Flashcards
Aortic Valve
Between the left ventricle and aorta
Atrioventricular Valves
Tricuspid and Mitral Valves
Atria
upper chambers of the heart
Cardiac Cycle
S1 S2 S1 (Systole and Diastole)
Dorsalis Pedis
Artery located on top of foot
Femoral
artery in groin right and left side, terminates as popliteal artery
Homan’s Sign
Pain in calf when foot is passively dorsiflexed
Midclavicular Line
imaginary line of the body bisecting the clavicle
Mitral Valve
valve between left atria and left ventricle
PMI
(Point of maximum Impulse) Apical impulse, found at 5 ICS left MCL in adult, 4 ICS left MCL in children
Popliteal
artery located in posterior knee fossa
Posterior Tibial
artery located mediually behind tibial bone and malleolus
Precordium
entire anterior chest where heart lies in thorax
Pulmonic Valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Pulse Pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
S1
(first heart sound) mitral and tricuspid closing
S2
(second heart sound) aortic and pulmonic closing
Semilunar Valves
Aortic and pulmonic valves
Sternum
breast bone
Systole
working stage of cardiac cycle
Temporal
artery located at sides of skull over temporal bone
Thrill
vibration of heart, fine palpable
Thrust
(heave, lift) sensation of heart lifting
Tricuspid Valve
between right atria and right ventricle
Ulnar
artery located at - 5th digit side
Ventricle
lower chambers of heart
Acute Pain
sudden, lasting up to 6 months.
should lead to action to find relief “warning”.
can usually be relieved since cause is often identifiable.
can last up to 6 months
Analgesic
pain relief medications
may be narcotic or nonnarcotic (e.g. Morphine or Aspirin)
Chronic Pain
pain that generally lasts longer than 6 months
may be insidiously (gradual or subtle)
often difficult to describe
Intractable
pain that cannot be controlled
Pain
what the individual says it is, SUBJECTIVE
Pain Threshold
smallest perceivable pain, lowest perceptible intensity of pain
Pain tolerance
the intensity and duration of pain a person can endure
varies between individuals
TENS
“Trans-cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation” Device
Device connected to the skin by electrodes that produce small electrical impulses.
The stimulation interferes with the transmission of pain signals and helps suppress pain sensation.
intensity of stimulation is controlled by the patient
Accessory Muscles
involvement of the trapezius/scalene/sternocleidomastoid muscles in breathing
Adventitious Sound
abnormal breath sound
Anoxia
diminished oxygen in arterial blood despite normal oxygen capacity
AP Diameter
comparison of chest measurement anterior-posterior with lateral
Apnea
cessation of breathing
Bradypnea
slow respiration rate (adult 12 or below)
Bronchial Sound
E>I normal; heard over trachea; high pitched and hollow
Bronchovesicular Sound
E=I, heard over bifurcation of bronchus T4 (posterior), 2nd ICS (anterior)
Dull
sound over heart, liver when percussed
Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
Expectoration
coughing up of mucous formed in air passages
Flaring
widening of nostrils r/t air hunger
Hemoptysis
coughing up blood
Hypoxia
decreased concentration of cellular O2
Inspiration
inhalation, drawing into the lungs
Lung
R = 3 lobes; L = 2 lobes
Manubrium
top of sternum
Mucus
fluid secreted by mucous membranes and glands
Orthopnea
discomfort in breathing in any but erect or sitting position
Resonant
air filled as in normal lung percussion
Retraction
inward pulling in of intercostal spaces, seen in severe hypoxia or respiratory distress
Scapulae
shoulder blades
Sputum
substance expelled by coughing (mucus, cells, organisms)
Suprasternal notch
groove above sternum
Thoracic Expanse
movement of thorax horizontally
Tympanic
hollow sound on percussion (Gastric air bubble)
Vesicular Sound
normal, soft, low pitched E < I heard over most lung fields
Xiphoid Process
bottom tip of sternum
Vocal or Tactile Fremitus
vibrations felt over chest when client speaks “99”
Pulse Oximetry - “Pulse Ox”
noninvasive measurement of O2 concentration in arterial blood via a monitor. Measures the percentage of oxygen carried by available hemoglobin in arterial blood. Normal range is 95-100%
Ant
anterior
Lat
Lateral
SOB
shortness of breath
Post
poisterior
AP
anterior-posterior
R/T
related to
D/T
due to
Areola
darkened area surrounding the nipple
Breast Clock
method of localizing/documenting findings on breast, in terms of time zones on a clock
Cysts
sac containing liquid/semi solid substance
Dimpling
retraction
Nipple
pigmented projection at tip of breast, outlet to milk
Nipple Retraction
being drawn or pulled back - when cooper’s ligaments are invaded by calcium, become fibrotic, pulls back skin over lesion leading to dimpling
Nodules
small mass of tissues in the form of swelling, protuberance
Peau d’Orange
orange peel consistency to skin - abnormal
Pendulous
hanging loosely
Tail of Spence
area extending into axilla from upper outer quadrant of the breast
Constipation
difficult passage of stool, infrequent defecation
Defecation
evacuation of bowels
Diarrhea
frequent passage of watery bowel movements
Eructation
Passage of gas from oral cavity
Fecal Impaction
colon filled with hard or soft stool which cannot be expelled, liquid stool can ooze around hardened mass
Feces
Excrement
Flatus
expelling of gas from the anus
Guaiac
hematest, hemocult. Test on stool for occult blood
Hemorrhoid
tortuous veins in anorectal area internal or external
Melena
black tarry stool r/t action of intestinal juice on free blood
Peristalsis
wavelike movements in the GI tract, heard in abdomen
Stool
bowel movement, feces
Suppository
Semi-solid substance introduced into rectum, vagina, or urethra where it dissolves
Nausea
Feeling of gastric upset, often precedes vomiting
Protuberant
bulging, prominent beyond surface
Scaphoid
hollow
Symphysis Pubis
junction of the pubic bones on midline in front
-ectomy
excision
ex: appendectomy
-itis
inflammatory
ex: arthritis
-oscopy
instrumentation view of
ex: endoscopy
-osis
condition of
ex: scoliosis
-ostomy
surgical opening which serves as exit
ex: colostomy
-otomy
surgical opening
ex: Laparotomy
Decubitus
pressure ulcer, bedsore, area where skin tissue is destroyed, old term
Dermis
layer under epidermis, contains blood and nerves
Eccymosis
large, irregularly formed hemorrhage area on skin
Erythema
redness of skin
Hematoma
mass of blood
Ischemia
deficiency of blood in area
Jaundice
yellowing of skin
Lentigo
brown macula age spot
Lesion
pathologically altered skin
Maceration
process of softening a solid by steeping in fluid and sloughing of skin when wet for a long period of time
Macula
small, flat area of skin
Necrosis
death of cells
Pallor
paleness of skin
Papula
small, raised area on skin
Petechia
small, less than 0.5 cm, red/purple hemorrhagic pin-point spots on skin.
from capillary bleeds
Purpura
red or purple spots as a result of minute hemorrhages within the skin (less than 0.5 cm)
Pustule
elevation of skin filled with purulent material
Striae
lines or bands elevated above or depressed below surrounding tissue or differing color + texture
Vesicle
serous, small, fluid filled area on skin
