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Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q
  • Anxiety Attack
  • Hyperventilation
  • Hypoxia
    • Emphysema
    • Pneumonia
  • Impaired Lung Expansion
  • CHF
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Diffuse Liver/CNS disease
  • Salicylate Poisoning
  • Extreme stress
    • Stimulation of Respiratory Center
A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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2
Q

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

A
  • Diabetes
  • Renal Insufficiency/Failure
  • Diarrhea
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3
Q
  • Muscle cramps
  • Tetany
  • Spasms
  • Parasthesias
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Twitching
  • Convulsion
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension
A

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

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4
Q
  • Hypoventilation (compensatory)
  • Depressed Respirations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Prolonged
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Weakness
  • Muscle Twitching
  • Irritability
  • Agitation
  • Convulsions
  • Coma/Death
A

Metabolic Alkalosis Symptoms

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5
Q
  • Reduced Albumin Levels
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Malabsorption of Calcium/Vitamin D
  • Alkalosis
  • Acute Pancreatitis
  • Vitamin D deficiency
A

Hypocalcemia Causes

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6
Q

7.35-7.45

A

pH

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7
Q

135-146 mEq/L

A

Sodium

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8
Q
  • Confusion
  • Decreased Mental Alertness
  • Convulsions
  • Signs of Increased Intracerebral Pressure
  • Poor Motor Coordination
  • Sleepiness
  • Anorexia.
A

Hyponatremia Symptoms

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9
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

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10
Q

Hypokalemia Symptoms

A
  • Muscle weakness
  • Aches
  • Fatigue
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Abdominal Distention
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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11
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Causes

A
  • Hypoventilation
  • Drugs/Oversedation
  • Chronic Pulmonary Disease
    • Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia
  • Hypermetabolism
    • Sepsis
    • Burns
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12
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

A
  • Anxiety Attack
  • Hyperventilation
  • Hypoxia
    • Emphysema
    • Pneumonia
  • Impaired Lung Expansion
  • CHF
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Diffuse Liver/CNS disease
  • Salicylate Poisoning
  • Extreme stress
    • Stimulation of Respiratory Center
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13
Q

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

A
  • Muscle cramps
  • Tetany
  • Spasms
  • Parasthesias
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Twitching
  • Convulsion
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension
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14
Q

Sodium

A

135-146 mEq/L

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15
Q

Hypernatremia Causes

A
  • Occurs with water deficits (not salt excesses)
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16
Q
  • Muscle weakness
  • Aches
  • Fatigue
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Abdominal Distention
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
A

Hypokalemia Symptoms

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia Causes

A
  • Inadequate Secretion with Acute Renal Failure
  • Kidney disease
  • Metabolic Acidosis
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Sickle Cell Anemia
  • SLE
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18
Q

Calcium

A

8.4-10.4 mg/dL

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19
Q

Platelet Count

A

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

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20
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • Males: 13-18 g/dL
  • Females: 12-16 g/dL
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21
Q

Male: 45%-52% Female: 37%-48%

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

35-45 mmHg

A

PaCO2

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23
Q
  • Water intoxication (excess extracellular water)
    • Excess Intake
    • Excess ADH
      • Tumors, Endocrine Disorders
A

Hyponatremia Causes

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24
Q

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

A

Potassium

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25
8.4-10.4 mg/dL
Calcium
26
* Hemodialysis * Blood Transfusions * Chronic Renal Disease * Hepatic Cirrhosis (Alcoholism) * Chronic Pancreatitis * Hypoparathyroidism * Malabsorption Syndromes * Severe burn * Excess Loss of Body Fluid
Hypomagnesemia Causes
27
pH
7.35-7.45
28
Hypercalcemia Symptoms
* Fatigue * Depression * Mental Confusion * Nausea/vomiting * Increased Urination * Occasional Cardiac Arrhythmias
29
* Often symptomless until very high levels. * Muscle Weakness * Arrhythmias * ECG Changes * Tall T wave * Prolonged P-R interval/QRS duration
Hyperkalemia Symptoms
30
Magnesium
1.8-2.4 mg/dL
31
90-100 mmHg
PaO2
32
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
* Excess Vomiting * Excess Diuretics * Hypokalemia * Peptic Ulcer * Excessive Intake of Antacids
33
Hematocrit
Male: 45%-52% Female: 37%-48%
34
* Renal Failure * Diabetic Acidosis * Hypothyroidism * Addison's Disease * Dehydration * Use of Antacids
Hypermagnesemia Causes
35
Hyperkalemia Symptoms
* Often symptomless until very high levels. * Muscle Weakness * Arrhythmias * ECG Changes * Tall T wave * Prolonged P-R interval/QRS duration
36
Hypokalemia Causes
* Deficient Potassium * Excessive Loss due to Diarrhea/Vomiting * Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis * Renal Tubular Disease
37
* Excess Vomiting * Excess Diuretics * Hypokalemia * Peptic Ulcer * Excessive Intake of Antacids
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
38
* Hypoventilation * Drugs/Oversedation * Chronic Pulmonary Disease * Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia * Hypermetabolism * Sepsis * Burns
Respiratory Acidosis Causes
39
* Tachypnea * Dizziness * Anxiety * Difficulty Concentration * Numbness/Tingling * Blurred Vision * Diaphoresis * Muscles Cramps/Twitching/Tetany * Weakness * Arrhythmias * Convulsions
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms
40
Hypermagnesemia Causes
* Renal Failure * Diabetic Acidosis * Hypothyroidism * Addison's Disease * Dehydration * Use of Antacids
41
PaCO2
35-45 mmHg
42
* Hyperparathyroidism * Hyperthyroidism * Tumors * Vitamin A Intoxication
Hypercalcemia Causes
43
* Circulatory Congestion * Pitting Edema * Excessive Weight Gain * Pulmonary Edema * Dyspnea * Hypertension * Tachycardia * Agitation * Restlessness * Convulsions
Hypernatremia Symptoms
44
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms
* Tachypnea * Dizziness * Anxiety * Difficulty Concentration * Numbness/Tingling * Blurred Vision * Diaphoresis * Muscles Cramps/Twitching/Tetany * Weakness * Arrhythmias * Convulsions
45
1.8-2.4 mg/dL
Magnesium
46
PaO2
90-100 mmHg
47
White Blood Cells
4,300-10,800 cells/mm3
48
* Deficient Potassium * Excessive Loss due to Diarrhea/Vomiting * Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis * Renal Tubular Disease
Hypokalemia Causes
49
Hypernatremia Symptoms
* Circulatory Congestion * Pitting Edema * Excessive Weight Gain * Pulmonary Edema * Dyspnea * Hypertension * Tachycardia * Agitation * Restlessness * Convulsions
50
Metabolic Alkalosis Symptoms
* Hypoventilation (compensatory) * Depressed Respirations * Dysrhythmias * Prolonged * Vomiting * Diarrhea * Weakness * Muscle Twitching * Irritability * Agitation * Convulsions * Coma/Death
51
4,300-10,800 cells/mm3
White Blood Cells
52
Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms
* Dyspnea * Hyperventilation * Cyanosis * Restlessness * Headache * Disorientation * Stupor, * Coma/Death
53
* Hyperventilation (Compensatory) * Deep Respirations * Weakness * Muscular Twitching * Malaise * Nausea/Vomiting * Diarrhea * Headache * Dry skin/Mucous Membranes * Poor Skin Turgor
Metabolic Acidosis Symptoms
54
Hypocalcemia Causes
* Reduced Albumin Levels * Hyperphosphatemia * Hypoparathyroidism * Malabsorption of Calcium/Vitamin D * Alkalosis * Acute Pancreatitis * Vitamin D deficiency
55
Hyponatremia Causes
* Water intoxication (excess extracellular water) * Excess Intake * Excess ADH * Tumors, Endocrine Disorders
56
Hyponatremia Symptoms
* Confusion * Decreased Mental Alertness * Convulsions * Signs of Increased Intracerebral Pressure * Poor Motor Coordination * Sleepiness * Anorexia.
57
* Diabetes * Renal Insufficiency/Failure * Diarrhea
Metabolic Acidosis Causes
58
* Inadequate Secretion with Acute Renal Failure * Kidney disease * Metabolic Acidosis * Diabetic Ketoacidosis * Sickle Cell Anemia * SLE
Hyperkalemia Causes
59
Metabolic Acidosis Symptoms
* Hyperventilation (Compensatory) * Deep Respirations * Weakness * Muscular Twitching * Malaise * Nausea/Vomiting * Diarrhea * Headache * Dry skin/Mucous Membranes * Poor Skin Turgor
60
150,000-450,000 cells/mm3
Platelet Count
61
Hypermagnesemia Symptoms
* Hyporeflexia * Muscle Weakness * Drowsiness * Lethargy * Confusion * Bradycardia * Hypotension
62
* Occurs with water deficits (not salt excesses)
Hypernatremia Causes
63
Hypomagnesemia Symptoms
* Hyperirritability * Confusion * Leg/Foot Cramps * Increased Inracellular Calcium Levels * Ventricular Arrhythmias * Vasospasm * Sudden Death
64
* Dyspnea * Hyperventilation * Cyanosis * Restlessness * Headache * Disorientation * Stupor, * Coma/Death
Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms
65
* Fatigue * Depression * Mental Confusion * Nausea/vomiting * Increased Urination * Occasional Cardiac Arrhythmias
Hypercalcemia Symptoms
66
Hypomagnesemia Causes
* Hemodialysis * Blood Transfusions * Chronic Renal Disease * Hepatic Cirrhosis (Alcoholism) * Chronic Pancreatitis * Hypoparathyroidism * Malabsorption Syndromes * Severe burn * Excess Loss of Body Fluid
67
* Hyporeflexia * Muscle Weakness * Drowsiness * Lethargy * Confusion * Bradycardia * Hypotension
Hypermagnesemia Symptoms
68
* Hyperirritability * Confusion * Leg/Foot Cramps
Hypomagnesemia Symptoms
69
Hypercalcemia Causes
* Hyperparathyroidism * Hyperthyroidism * Tumors * Vitamin A Intoxication

NPTE (19 decks)

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