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NPTE > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q
  • Anxiety Attack
  • Hyperventilation
  • Hypoxia
    • Emphysema
    • Pneumonia
  • Impaired Lung Expansion
  • CHF
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Diffuse Liver/CNS disease
  • Salicylate Poisoning
  • Extreme stress
    • Stimulation of Respiratory Center
A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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2
Q

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

A
  • Diabetes
  • Renal Insufficiency/Failure
  • Diarrhea
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3
Q
  • Muscle cramps
  • Tetany
  • Spasms
  • Parasthesias
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Twitching
  • Convulsion
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension
A

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

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4
Q
  • Hypoventilation (compensatory)
  • Depressed Respirations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Prolonged
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Weakness
  • Muscle Twitching
  • Irritability
  • Agitation
  • Convulsions
  • Coma/Death
A

Metabolic Alkalosis Symptoms

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5
Q
  • Reduced Albumin Levels
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Malabsorption of Calcium/Vitamin D
  • Alkalosis
  • Acute Pancreatitis
  • Vitamin D deficiency
A

Hypocalcemia Causes

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6
Q

7.35-7.45

A

pH

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7
Q

135-146 mEq/L

A

Sodium

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8
Q
  • Confusion
  • Decreased Mental Alertness
  • Convulsions
  • Signs of Increased Intracerebral Pressure
  • Poor Motor Coordination
  • Sleepiness
  • Anorexia.
A

Hyponatremia Symptoms

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9
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

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10
Q

Hypokalemia Symptoms

A
  • Muscle weakness
  • Aches
  • Fatigue
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Abdominal Distention
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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11
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Causes

A
  • Hypoventilation
  • Drugs/Oversedation
  • Chronic Pulmonary Disease
    • Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia
  • Hypermetabolism
    • Sepsis
    • Burns
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12
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

A
  • Anxiety Attack
  • Hyperventilation
  • Hypoxia
    • Emphysema
    • Pneumonia
  • Impaired Lung Expansion
  • CHF
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Diffuse Liver/CNS disease
  • Salicylate Poisoning
  • Extreme stress
    • Stimulation of Respiratory Center
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13
Q

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

A
  • Muscle cramps
  • Tetany
  • Spasms
  • Parasthesias
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Twitching
  • Convulsion
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension
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14
Q

Sodium

A

135-146 mEq/L

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15
Q

Hypernatremia Causes

A
  • Occurs with water deficits (not salt excesses)
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16
Q
  • Muscle weakness
  • Aches
  • Fatigue
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Abdominal Distention
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
A

Hypokalemia Symptoms

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia Causes

A
  • Inadequate Secretion with Acute Renal Failure
  • Kidney disease
  • Metabolic Acidosis
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Sickle Cell Anemia
  • SLE
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18
Q

Calcium

A

8.4-10.4 mg/dL

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19
Q

Platelet Count

A

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

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20
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • Males: 13-18 g/dL
  • Females: 12-16 g/dL
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21
Q

Male: 45%-52% Female: 37%-48%

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

35-45 mmHg

A

PaCO2

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23
Q
  • Water intoxication (excess extracellular water)
    • Excess Intake
    • Excess ADH
      • Tumors, Endocrine Disorders
A

Hyponatremia Causes

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24
Q

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

A

Potassium

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25
Q

8.4-10.4 mg/dL

A

Calcium

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26
Q
  • Hemodialysis
  • Blood Transfusions
  • Chronic Renal Disease
  • Hepatic Cirrhosis (Alcoholism)
  • Chronic Pancreatitis
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Malabsorption Syndromes
  • Severe burn
  • Excess Loss of Body Fluid
A

Hypomagnesemia Causes

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27
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

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28
Q

Hypercalcemia Symptoms

A
  • Fatigue
  • Depression
  • Mental Confusion
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Increased Urination
  • Occasional Cardiac Arrhythmias
29
Q
  • Often symptomless until very high levels.
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Arrhythmias
  • ECG Changes
    • Tall T wave
    • Prolonged P-R interval/QRS duration
A

Hyperkalemia Symptoms

30
Q

Magnesium

A

1.8-2.4 mg/dL

31
Q

90-100 mmHg

A

PaO2

32
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Causes

A
  • Excess Vomiting
  • Excess Diuretics
  • Hypokalemia
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Excessive Intake of Antacids
33
Q

Hematocrit

A

Male: 45%-52% Female: 37%-48%

34
Q
  • Renal Failure
  • Diabetic Acidosis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Addison’s Disease
  • Dehydration
  • Use of Antacids
A

Hypermagnesemia Causes

35
Q

Hyperkalemia Symptoms

A
  • Often symptomless until very high levels.
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Arrhythmias
  • ECG Changes
    • Tall T wave
    • Prolonged P-R interval/QRS duration
36
Q

Hypokalemia Causes

A
  • Deficient Potassium
  • Excessive Loss due to Diarrhea/Vomiting
  • Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis
  • Renal Tubular Disease
37
Q
  • Excess Vomiting
  • Excess Diuretics
  • Hypokalemia
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Excessive Intake of Antacids
A

Metabolic Alkalosis Causes

38
Q
  • Hypoventilation
  • Drugs/Oversedation
  • Chronic Pulmonary Disease
    • Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia
  • Hypermetabolism
    • Sepsis
    • Burns
A

Respiratory Acidosis Causes

39
Q
  • Tachypnea
  • Dizziness
  • Anxiety
  • Difficulty Concentration
  • Numbness/Tingling
  • Blurred Vision
  • Diaphoresis
  • Muscles Cramps/Twitching/Tetany
  • Weakness
  • Arrhythmias
  • Convulsions
A

Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms

40
Q

Hypermagnesemia Causes

A
  • Renal Failure
  • Diabetic Acidosis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Addison’s Disease
  • Dehydration
  • Use of Antacids
41
Q

PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

42
Q
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Tumors
  • Vitamin A Intoxication
A

Hypercalcemia Causes

43
Q
  • Circulatory Congestion
    • Pitting Edema
    • Excessive Weight Gain
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Dyspnea
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Agitation
  • Restlessness
  • Convulsions
A

Hypernatremia Symptoms

44
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Dizziness
  • Anxiety
  • Difficulty Concentration
  • Numbness/Tingling
  • Blurred Vision
  • Diaphoresis
  • Muscles Cramps/Twitching/Tetany
  • Weakness
  • Arrhythmias
  • Convulsions
45
Q

1.8-2.4 mg/dL

A

Magnesium

46
Q

PaO2

A

90-100 mmHg

47
Q

White Blood Cells

A

4,300-10,800 cells/mm3

48
Q
  • Deficient Potassium
  • Excessive Loss due to Diarrhea/Vomiting
  • Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis
  • Renal Tubular Disease
A

Hypokalemia Causes

49
Q

Hypernatremia Symptoms

A
  • Circulatory Congestion
    • Pitting Edema
    • Excessive Weight Gain
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Dyspnea
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Agitation
  • Restlessness
  • Convulsions
50
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Symptoms

A
  • Hypoventilation (compensatory)
  • Depressed Respirations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Prolonged
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Weakness
  • Muscle Twitching
  • Irritability
  • Agitation
  • Convulsions
  • Coma/Death
51
Q

4,300-10,800 cells/mm3

A

White Blood Cells

52
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Hyperventilation
  • Cyanosis
  • Restlessness
  • Headache
  • Disorientation
  • Stupor,
  • Coma/Death
53
Q
  • Hyperventilation (Compensatory)
  • Deep Respirations
  • Weakness
  • Muscular Twitching
  • Malaise
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Dry skin/Mucous Membranes
  • Poor Skin Turgor
A

Metabolic Acidosis Symptoms

54
Q

Hypocalcemia Causes

A
  • Reduced Albumin Levels
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Malabsorption of Calcium/Vitamin D
  • Alkalosis
  • Acute Pancreatitis
  • Vitamin D deficiency
55
Q

Hyponatremia Causes

A
  • Water intoxication (excess extracellular water)
    • Excess Intake
    • Excess ADH
      • Tumors, Endocrine Disorders
56
Q

Hyponatremia Symptoms

A
  • Confusion
  • Decreased Mental Alertness
  • Convulsions
  • Signs of Increased Intracerebral Pressure
  • Poor Motor Coordination
  • Sleepiness
  • Anorexia.
57
Q
  • Diabetes
  • Renal Insufficiency/Failure
  • Diarrhea
A

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

58
Q
  • Inadequate Secretion with Acute Renal Failure
  • Kidney disease
  • Metabolic Acidosis
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Sickle Cell Anemia
  • SLE
A

Hyperkalemia Causes

59
Q

Metabolic Acidosis Symptoms

A
  • Hyperventilation (Compensatory)
  • Deep Respirations
  • Weakness
  • Muscular Twitching
  • Malaise
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Dry skin/Mucous Membranes
  • Poor Skin Turgor
60
Q

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

A

Platelet Count

61
Q

Hypermagnesemia Symptoms

A
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Drowsiness
  • Lethargy
  • Confusion
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
62
Q
  • Occurs with water deficits (not salt excesses)
A

Hypernatremia Causes

63
Q

Hypomagnesemia Symptoms

A
  • Hyperirritability
  • Confusion
  • Leg/Foot Cramps
  • Increased Inracellular Calcium Levels
    • Ventricular Arrhythmias
    • Vasospasm
    • Sudden Death
64
Q
  • Dyspnea
  • Hyperventilation
  • Cyanosis
  • Restlessness
  • Headache
  • Disorientation
  • Stupor,
  • Coma/Death
A

Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms

65
Q
  • Fatigue
  • Depression
  • Mental Confusion
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Increased Urination
  • Occasional Cardiac Arrhythmias
A

Hypercalcemia Symptoms

66
Q

Hypomagnesemia Causes

A
  • Hemodialysis
  • Blood Transfusions
  • Chronic Renal Disease
  • Hepatic Cirrhosis (Alcoholism)
  • Chronic Pancreatitis
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Malabsorption Syndromes
  • Severe burn
  • Excess Loss of Body Fluid
67
Q
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Drowsiness
  • Lethargy
  • Confusion
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
A

Hypermagnesemia Symptoms

68
Q
  • Hyperirritability
  • Confusion
  • Leg/Foot Cramps
A

Hypomagnesemia Symptoms

69
Q

Hypercalcemia Causes

A
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Tumors
  • Vitamin A Intoxication

NPTE (19 decks)

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