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NPTE > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Osteopenia

A

BMD at hip or spine between 1.0 and 2.5 SD below the young, normal population

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2
Q

Diverticulitis

A
  • Inflammation of one or more diverticula.
  • Pain/Cramping LLQ
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Slight Fever
  • Elevated WBC
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3
Q

Stupor

A
  • Patient can be aroused from sleep only with painful stimuli
  • Verbal responses are slow or absent
  • Patient returns to unresponsive state when stimuli are removed
  • Demonstrates minimal awareness of self/environment
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4
Q

Unresponsive Vigilance/Vergetative State

A
  • A state characterized by the return of sleep/wake cycles
  • Normalization of vegetative functions
    • Respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion
  • Lack of cognitive responsiveness
    • Can be aroused but is unaware
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5
Q

Decerebrate Rigidity

A
  • Lesions between the superior colliculus and the vestibular nucleus
  • Increase tone in rigid extension in all four limbs
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6
Q

Presbycusis Hearing Loss

A

Sensorineural hearing loss associated with middle and older ages. High frequency first.

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7
Q

Acute Lymphangitis

A
  • Acute bacterial infection spreading throughout the lymph system
  • Bacteria is typically streptococcal
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8
Q

Decorticate Rigidity

A
  • Lesions above superior colliculus
  • Increase tone in rigid flexion of upper extremity and extension in all lower extremity
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9
Q

Work Intensity: Heavy

A
  • 50 lbs: frequently
  • 20 lbs: constantly
  • 6.4-7.5 METs
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10
Q

Sensitivity

A

A True Positive

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11
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness/Vocal Cord Paralysis

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12
Q

Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflexes

A

Stimulus: Cutaneous Sensory Stimuli

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13
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Mechanical hearing loss from damage to external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, or middle ear ossicles

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14
Q

Specificity

A

A True Negative

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15
Q

Coma

A
  • State of unconsciousness from which patient cannot be aroused
  • Eyes remain closed
  • No response to external stimuli or environment
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16
Q

Work Intensity: Sedentary

A
  • Up to 10 lbs of force: occasionally
  • Negligible weight: frequently/constantly
  • 1.5-2.1 METs
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17
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Increased intraocular pressure, with degeneration of optic disc, atrophy of optic nerve
  • Results in early loss of peripheral vision.
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18
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Central or neural hearing loss from multiple factors: noise damage, trauma, disease, drugs

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19
Q

Gamma Fibers

A

Motor to Muscle Spindles

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20
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Disease

A
  • Acquired condition due to trauma, surgery, radiation, or other diseases
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21
Q

Barognosis

A

Ability to identify simlar size/shaped objects placed in the hand with different gradations of weight

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22
Q

Zone of Coagulation

A

Cells are irreversibly injured, cell death occurs

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23
Q

Persistent Vegetative State

A
  • A state lasting >1 year for TBI
  • >3 months for anoxic brain injury.
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24
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Blood supply interrupted to the femoral head

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25
Q

Boutonniere Deformity

A
  • Results from a rupture of central tendinous slip of extensor hood.
  • Observe for extension of MCP/DIP and flexion of PIP.
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26
Q

Diaphoresis

A
  • Excess Sweating and Cool/Clammy Skin
  • Possible sign of decreased cardiac output/low O2
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27
Q

Zone of Stasis

A

Cells are injured; may die without specialized treatment, usually within 24-48 hours

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28
Q

Fluent Aphasia

A
  • Wernicke’s Aphasia Spontaneous speech is preserved and flows smoothly
  • Auditory Comprehension is Impaired
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29
Q

Delta Fibers

A

An A fiber type that is associated w/ pain, touch, and temperature

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30
Q

Primary Lymphatic Disease

A
  • Congenital condition
  • Malformation of lymph nodes/vessels
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31
Q

Rash

A
  • Local Redness
  • Eruption of Skin
  • Indication of inflammation, vasomotor disturbances, skin diseases, or when taking medications
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32
Q

Diverticulosis

A
  • Pouch-like herniations of the colon, especially the sigmoid colon
  • Symptoms are minimal but can include rectal bleeding
  • Diverticulosis can lead to diverticulitis
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33
Q

Work Intensity: Very Heavy

A
  • >100 lbs: occasionally
  • >50 lbs: frequently
  • >20 lbs: constantly
  • >7.5 METs
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34
Q

Movement Adaptation Syndrome (MAS)

A

Habituation of compensatory movement patterns that contributes to persistence of pain

35
Q

Zone of Hyperemia

A

Minimal cell injury, cells should recover

36
Q

Graphesthesia

A

Ability to identify numbers, letters, or symbols traced on skin

37
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A
  • Fracture of the par interarticularis with positive “Scotty Dog”
  • Anterior or posterior slippage of one vertebra on another.
38
Q

Correlational Research

A
  • Determine whether a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables w/o manipulation
  • Examples:
    • Retrospective/prospective, descriptive and predictive correlation research
39
Q

Alpha Fibers

A

Somatic Motor and Proprioception Function

40
Q

Xeroderma

A
  • Excessively Dry Skin
  • Indication of thyroid deficiency or diabetes
41
Q

Pes Planus

42
Q

Inverse Stretch (Myotatic) Reflexes

A

Stimulus: Muscle Contraction

43
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A
  • Lymphatic diease characterized by enlargement of nodes
  • May or may not be tender
44
Q

Sterognosis

A

Ability to identify familiar objects placed in the hand by touch

45
Q

Work Intensity: Light

A
  • Up to 20 lbs: occasionally
  • 10 lbs: frequently
  • Negligble weight: constantly
  • 2.2-3.5 METs
46
Q

Swan Neck Deformity

A
  • Results from contracture of intrinsic muscles with dorsal subluxation of lateral extensor tendons.
  • Observe for flexion of MCP/DIP and extension of PIP.
47
Q

Panner’s Disease

A

Avascular necrosis of capitellum

48
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty Swallowing

49
Q

Causal-Comparative Research

A
  • Define cause and effect through group comparisions
  • Ex post facto research is when independent variable has already occured and cannot be manipulated.
  • Groups are compared based on dependent variable
50
Q

Crossed Extension Reflexes

A

Stimulus: Noxious Stimuli

51
Q

Work Intensity: Medium

A
  • Up to 50 lbs: occasionally
  • 20 lbs: frequently
  • 10 lbs: constantly
  • 3.6-6.3 METs
52
Q

Lethargy

A
  • Patient appears drowsy
  • Can open eyes and look at examiner
  • Respond to questions
  • Falls asleep easily
53
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty Articulating Words Clearly

54
Q

Stemmer’s Sign

A
  • Dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting
  • Indicative of fibrotic changes/lymphedema
55
Q

Cataracts

A
  • Opacity, clouding of lens due to changes in lens proteins, results in gradual loss of vision
  • Central first, then peripheral.
56
Q

Stretch (Myotatic) Reflexes

A

Stimulus: Muscle Stretch

57
Q

“Unhappy” Triad

A
  • ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus injury
    • Resulting from a valgum, flexion, and ER force.
58
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A
  • Observe for as banding on palm and digit flexion contractures
    • Resulting from contracture of palmar fascia.
  • Affects men>woman
  • Affects MCP and PIP of 4th and 5th digits in nondiabetic individuals
  • Affects MCP and PIP 3rd and 4th digits of diabetic individuals
59
Q

Descriptive Research

A
  • Collecting data about conditions, attitudes or characteristics.
  • Reports existing phenomena/data collection is typically done through survey, interview or observation.
  • Example: case study
60
Q

Urticaria

61
Q

Postural Stress Syndrome (PSS)

A

Abnormal shortening of lengthening of muscles/ligaments

62
Q

Obtundation

A
  • Patient can open eyes/look at examiner
  • Responds slowly and is confused
  • Demonstrates decreased alertness/interest in environment
63
Q

Nonfluent Aphasia

A

Broca’s Motor Aphasia Verbal Apraxia Dysarthria

64
Q

Beta Fibers

A

Pressure and Touch

65
Q

Osteoporosis

A

BMD at hip or spine >/= 2.5 SD below the young, normal population

66
Q

Lymphangiectasia

A
  • Dilation of lymph vessels
  • May appear as blister-like protuberances
67
Q

Lymphorrhea

A

Leakage of lymph from the skin surface

68
Q

Papillomatosis

A

Development of warty groths on the skin that contain dilated lymph vessels/fibrous tissue

69
Q

Lipodermatosclerosis

A
  • Thickening/hardening of the subcutaneous tissue and brown skin discoloration
  • Associated with chronic venous insufficiency and severe lymph tissue damage
70
Q

Procedural Pain

A

Pain associated w/ treatment of lymphedema

71
Q

Incident Pain

A

Pain caused by daily activities

72
Q

Background Pain

A

Intermittent or continuous pain at rest

73
Q

Crackles (Rales, Crepitations)

A
  • Crackling sound heard usually during inspiration
  • Indicates pathology
    • Atelectasis
    • Fibrosis
    • Pulmonary Edema
74
Q

Wheezes

A
  • Musically pitched sound, usually heard during expiration
  • Caused by areway obstruction:
    • Asthma
    • COPD
    • Foreign Body Aspiration
75
Q

Pneumothorax

A
  • Air in the pleural space
  • Confirmation by CXR
76
Q

Atectlectasis

A
  • Collasped or airless alveolar unit
  • Caused by:
    • Hypoventilation secondary to pain
    • Internal bronchial obstruction
    • External broncial compression
    • Low tidal volume
    • Neurological insult
77
Q

Thoracotomy

A
  • Used for most lung resections
  • Incision follows path of fourth intercostal space
  • Full ROM should be encouraged posoperatively
78
Q

Hemarthrosis

A
  • Bleeding into joint spaces
  • Most common in:
    • Knee
    • Ankles
    • Elbows
    • Hips
79
Q

Achalasia

A

Lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax and food is traped in the esophagus

80
Q

Cirrhosis

A
  • Irreversible chronic injury of the hepatic parenchyma as a result of chronic hepatitis
  • Clinical Manifestations
    • Jaundice
    • Peripheral Edema
    • Dupuytren’s Contracture
    • Palmar Erthema
    • Angiomas
    • Hepatomegaly
    • Splenomegaly
    • Ascites
      • Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
81
Q

Presbyopia

A
  • Visual loss in middle/older ages
  • Inability to focus properly/blurred images due to loss of accommodation, elasticity of lens
82
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A
  • Episodic attacks characterized by tinnitus, dizziness, and sensation of fullness or pressure in ears
  • May also experience sensorineural hearing loss
83
Q

Delirium

A
  • Fluctuating attention state causing temporary confusion and loss of mental function; an acute disorder, potentially reversible
  • Etiology
    • Drug toxicity and/or systemic illness, O2 deprivation, environmental changes and sensory deprivation
84
Q

Dementia

A
  • Acquired disorder of cognitive and behavioral impairment causing dysfunction in daily living

NPTE (19 decks)

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