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ANAT241- Module 2 > Lab Three > Flashcards

Lab Three Flashcards

1
Q

what are the pink fibers in connective tissue proper?

A

collagen

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2
Q

what is the arrangement of collagen fibers in loose (areola) connective tissue proper?

A

thick bundles of fibers running in all directions

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3
Q

what are the black fibers in connective tissue proper?

A

elastin

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4
Q

what is the arrangement of elastin in loose (areola) connective tissue proper?

A

finer branching fibers

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5
Q

what is the shape of a fibroblast?

A

flattened cell

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6
Q

what is the function of fibroblasts?

A

secrete both the ground substance and the fibres of the extracellular matrix

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7
Q

what are the things that fibroblasts secrete?

A

collagen
elastin
reticular fibers
ground substance (cell adhesions proteins, proteoglycans)

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8
Q

what does ground substance contain?

A

cell adhesion proteins
proteoglycans

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9
Q

what is a prominent organelle in fibroblasts and why?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Fibroblasts manufature lots of proteins to secrete, which are synthesised by the RER

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10
Q

what are the types of connective tissue proper?

A

loose (areola)
dense (collagenous)
elastic
reticular

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11
Q

what is the arrangment of fibers in dense regular conective tissue?

A

collagen fibers run in thick parallel bundles and provide great tensile strength when a pulling force is applied in one direction

very few elastin fibres

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12
Q

where is dense regular connective tissue found in the body?

A

present in tendons, most ligamnets and aponeuroses

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13
Q

what is aponeruroses?

A

a fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves

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14
Q

what does baking bone do to the structure?

A

baking denatures the protein, therefore the collagen is destroyed, removing the tensile strength and the bone becomes brittle

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15
Q

what does vinegar to do bone structure?

A

Calcium salts are dissolved in the vinigar thus making the matrix less rigid, and ‘bendy’

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16
Q

what are the features of Dense connective tissue extracellular matrix?

A

-densely packed parallel collagen fibers, and a few elastin fibers

therefore in withstands tensile stress when pulled in one direction

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17
Q

what are the features of Hyaline cartilage extra cellular matrix?

A

Collagen fibres present but form amorphous matrix, Chondroytes lie in lacunae

Therefore resists compressive stress, because it is firm but flexible

18
Q

what is the feature of a bone extracellular matrix?

A

Hard calcified matrix

Osteocytes lie in lacunae within the matrix

Therefore the bone supports, protects and acts as a level

19
Q

what are the features of adipose tissue extra cellular matrix?

A

Sparce matrix containing a lot of adipocytes filled with large lipid droplets

Therefore is a food reserve, supports and insulates

20
Q

what are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal (straited) muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

21
Q

where do bundles of connective filaments connect to the smooth muscle cells?

A

at the focal densities

22
Q

what is a supporting tissue?

A

connective tissue that provides protection to muscle fibers

23
Q

how many cells make up one muscle fiber?

A

One skeletal muscle cell = one muscle fiber

24
Q

how many nuclei are found in each skeletal muscle cell?

A

Many nuclei, varies between cells

25
Q

what are the features of a sarcomere?

A

the sarcomere is from one Z line to the next and contains overlapping thick filaments (A band) and the thin filaments (I band)

26
Q

what are thin filaments of the sarcomere made from?

A

actin

27
Q

what are the thick filaments in the sarcomere made from?

A

myosin

28
Q

what happens when the sarcomere contracts?

A

the thin and thick filaments slide over each other. The A band stays constant, the I band narrows and the Z lines are pulled closer together.

29
Q

what junctions form intercollated disks in cardiac muscle?

A

Fasia adherens- actin filaments insert into the z lines)
Desmosomes (anchoring points for intermediate filaments)
Gap junctions

30
Q

where do actin filaments inside cardiac muscle cells insert into to transmit contractile force?

A

into the z lines at the fascia adherens

31
Q

how does excitation spread within cardiac muscle cells?

A

through gap junctions

32
Q

what is the role of swann cells?

A

Myelinate insulated nerves

33
Q

what is the benefit to myelinated nerves?

A

Get less dissipation of excitation
Speeds up transmission of AP

34
Q

what is the disadvangated to nerve myelination?

A

Myelination must be absent as dendrites for activation

35
Q

what strictures in a CNS neruon reflect a high metabolic activity?

A

Mitochondria
Golgi Bodies
Ribosomes (RER)
Nucleolus

36
Q

what is the hypodermins?

A

a layer of tissue immediately inferior to the dermins that is not part of the skin (has a supporting role)
Comprised of adipose tissue

37
Q

what are the cells within the stratum corneum?

A

dead flattened keratinised cells

38
Q

what are the cells of the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

39
Q

what are the cells of the stratum lucidum?

A

cells have no nuclei or organelles

40
Q

what are the cells of the stratum granulosum?

A

contain keratohyalin granules

41
Q

what are the cells of the stratum spinosum?

A

Keratinocytes held together by desmosomes (prickle cells)

42
Q

what are the cells of the stratum basale?

A

1 layer of cuboidal cells, many hemidesmosomes and desmosomes mitotic figures

ANAT241- Module 2 (9 decks)

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