Lab Test 2 Flashcards
What is the taxonomy for Liverworts?
Eukarya-Plantae-Hepatophyta
What is the taxonomy for Mosses
Eukarya-Plantae- Bryophyta
Eukarya-Plantae-hepatophyta
What is the taxonomy for Ferns
Eukarya-Plantae- Monilophyta
Eukaryotic-Plantae-Lycophyta
What is the taxonomy for conifers?
Eukarya-Plante- Coniferophyta
What is the taxonomy for flowering plants?
Eukarya- Plante- Magnoliophyta
Class can be Eudicot or Monocot
Conifers are considered _____-sperms and flowering plants are considered _____-sperms
Conifers are gymnosperms and flowering plants are angiosperms
Nonvascular Plants have _____ for nutrient transport, ______ sperm, and dominant _______phase
Nonvascular Plants have NO VASCULAR TISSUE for nutrient transport, FLAGELLATED SPERM THAT SWIM TO EGG, and a dominant GAMETOPHYTE phase
Seedless Vascular plants have _______for nutrient transport, sperm ________, and a dominant _______ phase
Seedless Vascular plants have VASCULAR TISSUE for nutrient transport, sperm PROTECTED FROM DRYING OUT, and a dominant SPOROPHYTE phase
What is produced inside the antheridia?
Sperm
What is produced inside the archegonia
Eggs
Why do some biologists call the nonvascular plants the amphibians of the plant kingdom?
Nonvascular plants require a wet habitat for survival and water for reproduction
Are ferns better adapted to a land environment than mosses?
Yes. They contain vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
How is the gametophyte of mosses similar to that of ferns?
Both are photosynthetic, use rhizoids, and produce gametangia
How is the gametophyte in mosses different to that of ferns?
Mosses have a dominant gametophyte generation and ferns have a small independent gametophyte generation.
How is the sporophyte of mosses similar to that of ferns?
Both contain sporangia that produce haploid homospores
How is the sporophyte of mosses different to that of ferns?
Mosses have a small stalk like dependent sporophyte while ferns have a large leavy dominant sporophyte
Which major groups of plants use pollen sacs (microsporangia) and ovules (megasporangia)?
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Which major groups of plants use antheridia and archegonia?
Seedless nonvascular, seedless vascular, and gymnosperms
Which major groups of plants use two types of spores (microspores and megaspores)?
Some seedless vascular, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
Which major groups of plants use pollen grains (male gametophyte) and an embryo sac in an ovule (female gametophyte)
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Why do seedless plants require water for fertilization?
Sperm are flagellated and can only swim in water
What process occurs in seed plants that transports male gametophytes to the female gametophytes by wind, water, or animal without requiring water?
Pollination
Which part of the conifer life cycle is an adult sporophyte?
Leafy shrubs and trees
Which part of the conifer life cycle is the male and female gametophytes?
Male- pollen cones that contain pollen grains
Female- seed cones that contain ovules
Where does fertilization occur in gymnosperms?
Ovary
What structure becomes the seed in gymnosperms?
Ovule
How is pollination accomplished by flowering plants?
Wind, water, and animal carriers
Which part of the flowering plant life cycle is the male and female gametophyes?
Male- anthers contain pollen grains
Female- ovary contains ovules
When a pollen tube delivers sperm to the embryo sac, double fertilization occurs. What cells do the sperm fuse with, and what do they form?
One sperm fuses with an egg to form a zygote and a second sperm fuses with the nuclei of the central cell of the female gametophyte to form the endosperm
What structure becomes the seed and what becomes the fruit?
Ovules become seeds
Ovaries become fruit
Are the following present in each type of seeded vascular plant?
What structure in gymnosperms and angiosperms delivers sperm from pollen sacs to the vicinity of the egg? Does this require water?
Pollen grains grow pollen tubes that carry sperm to the egg, no water is required.
What generation is the embryo within the seed?
Sporophyte generation
What is a tissue?
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Describe the shape of epidermal cells and guard cells
Epidermal cells are various shapes that fit together like a puzzle
Guard cells are kidney bean or half circle shapes
What does the interior of the guard cell contain that the surrounding epidermal cells lack?
Chloroplasts
What is the function of epidermal cells
Protection
What is the function of the guard cells
Regulates when the stoma is open for gas exchange
Label the layers of tissue and primary phloem and xylem
Label the root hairs slide
Label the monocot root cross section
Label the dicot root cross section
Root hairs originate from what cell type and from what tissue type?
Epidermal
Which cell type surrounds the vascular cylinder and helps prevent water loss?
Endodermal
In which roots is a pith not present
Dicot
Trace the path water and minerals take from the root hairs to the xylem
Root hair→ Cortex → Endodermis→ Pericycle → Xylem
Label the wood twig
Label the monocot herbaceous stem cross section
Label the dicot herbaceous stem cross section
How old is the stem? Label all parts
4 years old (has 4 annual growth rings)
The cortex, pith, and fundamental tissues are composed of what tissue type?
Parenchyma
What term refers to nonwoody stems?
Herbaceous
Where does primary growth occur on a stem?
Terminal and axillary buds
What protects the buds of a stem?
Bud scales
What structures are used for gas exchange throughout the internodes of woody stems?
Lenticels
Label the monocot leaf cross section
Label the dicot leaf cross section
What vein patterns do monocots and dicots have?
Monocots have a parallel pattern
Dicots have a net pattern
The ground tissue in a leaf is called what?
Mesophyll
What waxy substance covers the epidermis of roots, stems, and leaves that protects against abrasions, organisms, and water loss?
Cuticle
Explain why stomata are more numerous in the lower epidermis of the leaves and not the upper epidermis.
Lower epidermis is protected when it rains to be able to continue gas exchange without drowning
What two tissues make up the vascular bundles of roots, stems, and leaves?
Xylem and Phloem
