Lab Terminology Flashcards
Gilt
young female pig that has not farrowed
Sow
mature female pig that has farrowed
Boar
intact mature male pig
Barrow
castrated male pig
Farrow
a litter of pigs
Piglet
baby pig
Farrow-finish
typically a confinement operation where pigs are bred and raised to their slaughter weight
Ad-libitum
feeding management in which animals are fed without restriction
Parity
number of litters a sow has carried including a current pregnancy
Ultrasound
sound waves with frequencies above the normal human range of hearing
Foal
baby horse
Filly
young female horse
Colt
young male horse
Mare
mature female horse
Stallion
mature male horse
Gelding
castrated male horse
Farrier
a person who trims horse hooves
Halter
a rope or strap with a noose or headstall places around the head of a horse, used for leading or tethering it
Bull
intact male bovine
Cow
mature female cattle that has calved
Heifer
young female cattle that has not calved
Steer
castrated male cattle
Calf
young bovine
Freemartin
sterile female calf born as a twin to a male calf
Oxytocin
a hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during birth and milk ejection during lactation
Mastitis
inflammation of the mammary gland
California Mastitis Test
A rapid milk test to check for the presence of mastitis by determining the somatic cell count
Dry cow
a cow that is not lactating
Bulk tank
the large holding device where all milk is pumped to and kept cool
Rumen cannula
creates a window into the rumen which can be used for research purposes
Silage
grass or other green fodder compacted and stored in airtight conditions, typically in a silo, without first being dried, and used as animal feed
Service Dog
a dog that performs a specific task(s) for an individual with a disability
Emotional Support Dogs
-provides therapeutic benefits to its owner through companionship
-not required to perform specific tasks to aid a disability
-NOT covered under ADA
-covered only under Fair Housing Act
Therapy dogs
a dog trained to provide affection and comfort to people in hospitals, nursing homes and schools, etc.
Vapor Wake dog
dogs trained to deter and detect bombers
Quality Grade
measures the flavor characteristics of meat products. The USDA evaluates meat for traits that indicate its tenderness, juiciness, and flavor
Yield Grade
measure the amount of usable meat
PSE (Pale, soft, exudative)
a genetically predisposed condition in swine in which the pork is very light colored, soft, and watery
Marbling
intramuscular fat; distribution of fat within muscle
Bone ossification
process in which new bone is made by specialized cells called osteoblasts
Ewe
mature female sheep that has lambed
Ram
intact male sheep
Wether
castrated male sheep
Lamb
baby and young sheep
Mutton
meat from a mature sheep (usually over 1 year of age)
Replacement ewe
an ewe lamb that is selected for outstanding characteristics early in life and raised to be added to the breeding herd
Lambing jug
a small pen to confine ewes and newly born lambs to stimulate maternal bond
Flystrike
flies start eating at skin after they lay their eggs and a gooey substance forms on skin under wool
Chalaza
ropelike structure that holds the yolk to the center of the egg
Cuticle
a thin, invisible layer on the outside of an egg that protects the embryo from bacteria and other microbes
Air cell
an air space between the inner and outer membrane at the egg’s larger end
Keel bone
wedge shaped bone above the breastplate in birds
External grading (poultry)
grade AA and A have identical standards for exterior quality
Internal grading (poultry)
performed by a method called candling. Let’s you examine air cell, egg white, and the yolk
