Lab Quiz Questions Flashcards
List the four compartments of the ruminant stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
The rumen lining is characterized by
Papillae
What function do the rumen and gizzard share
-Decrease particle size
-increase surface area
What are the functions of rumination
-Decrease particle size
-base creation
What is the purpose of mucus in the abomasum
Protect the abomasum from the high acidity stomach contents
What is the purpose of the esophageal groove?
To allow milk to bypass the still growing stomach chambers and go straight to the abomasum in young ruminants
Protein Quality is most important for…
Poultry
What extra protein source do ruminants have
The ability to digest non protein nitrogen in the form of microbial crude protein
In tract dissection what is the thin red structure that was large and tongue like in the pig
Spleen
AFB and DMB
as fed basis
dry matter basis
rations for what animal(s) are not calculated on an afb
ruminants
in forages, what increases with stage of maturity
fiber and lignin
in forages, what decreases with stage of maturity
crude protein, vitamin a, energy value
structural difference between legumes and grasses
legumes have one long tap root
grasses has a a network of shallow, fibrous roots
what ability do legumes have that grasses do not
nitrogen fixation
what three minerals are required by grasses to grow
nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium
limitation(s) to growing alfalfa
requires sandy soil
minimum DM in baled hay
85%
risks of baling hay that is too wet
spontaneous combustion
mold
CP of good quality grass hay
12%
plant structure with highest CP
leaves
4 steps of making hay
mow: chop down
ted: spread out to dry
rake: collect into rows
bale: collect into bales
pro and con of horizontal silo
pro: easier to fill
con: needs to be packed
pro and con of vertical silo
pro: self packing
con: hard to fill
three materials to cover horizontal silo
airtight plastic
durable plastic
tires
what is consumed during fermentation
O2
what is produced during fermentation
CO2
heat
VFAs
what nutrients are lost in seepage
anything water soluble
B vitmins, starch, proteins
what acids are present in good quality silage
lactic
acetic
DM of corn silage
35%
DM of haylage
40-60%
what process is done to corn to increase digestibility
kernel processing
what part of the corn plant holds the most starch
the seed/kernel
what would be the major effect of low quality corn silage on a lactating dairy cow
lowered production (sign of sub clinical ketosis)
corn should be ____ high by fourth of july
knee
energy content of cereal grains
high
EAA content of cereal grains
low
what structure of grains contains the majority of the fiber content
hull
hybrid cross of wheat and rye
triticale
corn like plant with high levels of prussic acid in vegetative state
rye
high palatable grain, easily removable hull, commonly fed to horses
oats
black triangular seed and good scratch feed for gizzard grit
buckwheat
what structure limits digestion of phosphorous in non ruminants
P bound in phytic acid
rumen microbes able to break it down
