Exam 3

Question 1

White adipose tissue

Answer 1

Energy storage, generates ATP

Question 1

Brown adipose tissue

Answer 1

Only present early in life (never re-generated, lasts ~24h), creates heat, controlled by stress hormones

Question 2

Uncoupling Agents

Answer 2

ex. dinitrophenol, TNT
Allow for large amounts of heat to be generated, used as weight loss medication to burn fat

Question 3

Giving glucose

Answer 3

Must be given through an IV although it is not a long term solution, oral glucose will not work as it is turned into VFAs

Question 4

Protein Function

Answer 4

-Tissue protein
-Keratins
-blood proteins
-enzymes
-hormones/growth factors
-immunologic functions
-Special functions ;)

Question 5

Oxidative metabolism

Answer 5

-Gluconeogenesis, uses carbons to generate glucose

-Protein component is expensive/ not efficient (costs ATP)

-Creates large load on kidney and liver (common in older cats & dogs)

Question 6

Protein digestion in monogastrics

Answer 6

-Low pH of the stomach denatures proteins which opens it up for proteolytic enzymes to cleave

-proteins can be absorbed as single amino acids or dipeptides in small intestines

-proteolytic enzymes in the sm intestines

Question 7

exo peptadases

Answer 7

only cleave peptides on the end

Question 8

endo peptadases

Answer 8

only cleave peptides on the middle

Question 9

Transamination

Answer 9

-cleave amine group from one amino acid and transport it onto an alpha-keto acid to create a different amino acid

-how non-essential amino acids are generated

-how NPN is used as an amine donator

-in liver and IMC

Question 10

What happens to left over ammonia?

Answer 10

1. it can be utilized in the synthesis of NEAA
2. absorbed into the blood and converted to urea in the kidney which is then secreted in the urine

Question 11

absorption of amino acids

Answer 11

• absorbed in the sm intestines

-active, carrier-mediated transport

-high levels of some amino acids affect/inhibit the absorption of others

Question 12

whole protein absorption

Answer 12

via endocytosis in neonatal ruminants to acquire passive immunity through immunoglobulins in colostrum

Question 13

protein synthesis and degradation

Answer 13

• always happening
  -growth can only occur when there is more synthesis than degradation

Question 14

protein efficiency

Question 15

location of phosphorus absorption

Answer 15

absorbed in the duodenum

Question 16

What effects phosphorus absorption

Answer 16

• plant or animal source
• Ca:P ratio
  -pH of intestines
• mineral levels
• how much is already in the body
  Vit D

Question 17

Phosphorus excretion

Answer 17

mostly in urine but some can be present in the feces

Question 18

Role of phosphorus in the body

Answer 18

• muscle
  -energy
  -carbohydrates
  -amino acids
  -fat
  -nerves

Question 19

What are some symptoms of phosphorus deficiency?

Answer 19

• weak bones (osteomalacia)
  -pica (eating/ chewing non food items)
  -reduction of milk and food
  -weak

Question 20

How are phosphorus levels measured?

Answer 20

-measured through the blood plasma
-usually the inverse of Ca levels
-in mg/ml
-below 4.5mg/ml = deficient

Question 21

Symptoms and causes of phosphorus toxcosis