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Nutrition 332 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Cage layer fatigue is caused by a deficiency of calcium in the diets of laying hens which causes the mobilization of calcium from the bones to the extent that it results in broken leg bones

A

True

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2
Q

True or False: Oral administration of glucose to a ruminants suffering from a case of ketosis can be an effective way to increase blood glucose levels. The increasing blood glucose levels would result in a decrease of glucagon release, which would ultimately slow the release of fatty acids from the adipose tissue.

A

False

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3
Q

True or False: The actions potentiated by the release of parathyroid hormone results in an increase in blood calcium concentrations while the release of calcitonin acts to decrease blood calcium level.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: The fatty acids that make up the triglycerides in the adipose tissue can be synthesized de novo from acetyl CoA or they can be provided pre-formed by either the chylomicron of the VLDL.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False: The activity of the enzyme HMG CoA Reductase would be higher in a strict vegetarian than in an omnivore.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False: Jersey Cattle have a higher incidence of ketosis than Holsteins

A

False

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7
Q

True or False: While their are other contributing factors, one reason fatty liver is toxic to ruminants is because he rate of export of the accumulated fat is very slow. Thus, fat accumulates in the liver, ultimately leads to liver failure.

A

True

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8
Q

The oral administration of propylene glycol to animals suffering from ketosis works by increasing the supply of Acetyl CoA

A

False

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9
Q

The sweet smelling breathe of an animal with a case of ketosis is caused by the respiration of ketone body acetone

A

True

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10
Q

Undesirable organic acid (in any significant quantity) in fermented feeds

A

Butyric Acid

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11
Q

Volatile fatty acid that is used by ruminants as a precursor for the synthesis of glucose

A

Propionic Acid

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12
Q

Organic acid that is produced first in the fermentation process of corn silage

A

Acetic Acid

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13
Q

Produced by the parietal cells

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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14
Q

Large quantities of this fatty acid turns on the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis by the liver

A

Acetic Acid

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15
Q

Very desirable acid that is produced in the most quantity in excellent quality fermented feeds

A

Lactic Acid

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16
Q

The act of taking in food/feed and water

A

Prehension

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17
Q

The moral equivalent of this is accomplished in the gizzard of a chicken

A

Mastication

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18
Q

Reduction of particle size by chewing

A

Mastication

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19
Q

The act if swallowing

A

Deglutition

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20
Q

Rumination

A

Mastication, Deglutition, Regurgitation

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21
Q

Basolateral transporter of glucose, galactose, and fructose

A

GLUT2

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22
Q

Transporter that involves a symport system

A

SGLUT1

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23
Q

Transporter that involves an antiport system

A

Na/K ATPase

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24
Q

Hexose transporter that goes against the concentration gradient

A

SGLUT1

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25
Q

Transports fructose into the IMC

A

GLUT5

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26
Q

Transports glucose into the IMC when the glucose concentration is high

A

GLUT2

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27
Q

Digests glucose and more glucose

A

Maltase

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28
Q

galactose and glucose

A

Lactase

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29
Q

Hydrolysis of milk proteins

A

Rennin

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30
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol

A

Lipase

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31
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Gastrin

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32
Q

Associated with intestinal immunity

A

Goblet Cell

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33
Q

Serotonin production

A

Argentaffin Cell

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34
Q

IMC progenitor cells

A

Crypt of lieberkuhn

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35
Q

True or False: Pyruvate carboxylase is a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis and is active when phosphorylated

A

False

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36
Q

True or False: The rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme Acetyl CoA Carboxylase which is active when it is not phosphorylated

A

True

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37
Q

True or False: Phosphofructokinase-2 is phosphorylated and active when blood glucose levels are high

38
Q

True or False: The phosphorylated form of hormone-sensitive lipase is active when glucagon levels are high. It catalyzes the cleavage of the linkage that binds fatty acids to the glycerol backbone of a triglyceride molecule stored in adipose tissue

39
Q

True or False: Glucose 6 phosphate is the enzyme that allows (requires) the liver to dump glucose it synthesizes in the blood for use by the central nervous system

40
Q

True or False: The main source of the carbon needed by the liver for the synthesis of glucose comes form acetyl CoA (Generated by the beta-oxidation of the mobilized fatty acids stored in the adipose tissue)

41
Q

True or False: While the liver can oxidize glucose as an energy source, it can only do so when blood glucose levels are high due to the high kn of the enzyme glucokinase

42
Q

What is the gross ATP, NADH, FADH, and CO2 generated by glycolysis

A

ATP:
NADH: 2
FADH: 0
CO2: 0

43
Q

What is the gross ATP, NADH, FADH, and CO2 generated by glycolysis

A

ATP: 2
NADH: 8
FADH: 2
CO2: 6

44
Q

where is the chylomicron formed?

45
Q

What does the chylomicron do?

A

transports fat of dietary origin

46
Q

Where are chylomicrons metabolized?

47
Q

Where is VLDL formed?

48
Q

What does VLDL do?

A

Transports fat from within the body

49
Q

Where is VLDL metabolized?

50
Q

Where is LDL formed?

51
Q

What does LDL do?

A

Brings cholesterol into cells

52
Q

Where is LDL metabolized?

A

Peripheral tissue

53
Q

Where is HDL formed?

54
Q

What does HDL do?

A

“good cholesterol”, gives protein to chylomicron and VLDL, brings cholesterol out of cells

55
Q

Where is HDL metabolized?

56
Q

What is the location of digestion of protein in a ruminant?

A

Small intestine, Rumen

57
Q

What form is protein digested as in a ruminant?

A

Amino Acids

58
Q

Where is protein absorbed in the ruminant?

A

Small intestine

59
Q

What is the location of digestion of amylose in a ruminant?

A

Reticulorumen

60
Q

What form is amylose digested as in a ruminant?

A

Volatile fatty acids

61
Q

What is the location of absorption of amylose in a ruminant?

62
Q

What is the location of digestion of cellulose in a ruminant?

63
Q

What form is cellulose digested as in a ruminant?

A

Volatile fatty acids

64
Q

What is the location of absorption of cellulose in a ruminant?

65
Q

What is the location of digestion of amylopectin in a ruminant at peak intake?

A

Some in rumen, some in small intestine

66
Q

What form is amylopectin digested as in a ruminant?

A

Volatile fatty acids, glucose

67
Q

What is the location of absorption of amylopectin in a ruminant at peak intake?

A

Rumen, Small intestine

68
Q

True or False: Examining the dietary cation/anion balance in the diet s of dry cows is an approach used by dairy producers in an attempt to reduce the incidence of grass tetany in their herd

69
Q

True or False: Trypsinogen, which is produced by the pancreatic acinar cells, can be activated by either enteropeptidase or by trypsin

70
Q

The primary cause of pregnancy toxemia in ewes is obesity

71
Q

True or False: A chelate may either enhance or reduce the bioavailability of the bound mineral

72
Q

True or False: The FcRn specifically binds IgG molecules that are in colostrum and transports them from the small intestine into the IMC

73
Q

True or False: The absorption process of some amino acids require them to share a common transport protein. As a result, an oversupply of one amino acid could restrict the uptake and utilization of another.

74
Q

True or False: The term gut closure refers to the closing of specific openings in the small intestine. These openings only allow IgG1 molecules through. Gut closure happens about 24 hours post partum which is why neonatal ruminants must get colostrum ASAP after birth.

75
Q

True or False: Brown adipose tissue exists briefly in neonatal ruminants and functions to supplement the newborn with vast amounts of ATP to help ensure that it has adequate energy immediately after birth

76
Q

True or False: The release of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland initiates several different mechanisms that result in an increase of blood calcium. One of these mechanisms is the resorption of calcium from bone stores.

77
Q

True or False: Neonatal calf blood levels of IgG at 24hr postpartum represent the high water mark of IgG concentrations. at least until the animals own immune system kicks in and starts IgG production which could take about a month.

78
Q

True or False: Because macro minerals are required in higher quantities than are the microminerals, they are more important and more likely to be first limiting.

79
Q

True or False: While mechanisms exist for the absorption of dipeptides into the IMC they must be cleaved into single AAs before being transported out of the IMC and into the general circulation

80
Q

True or False: Pepsin, which is produced in the true stomach, indiscriminately hydrolyzes random peptide bonds resulting in several smaller peptides.

81
Q

True or False: The complete beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid results in the release of 8 Acetyl CoA molecules

82
Q

True or False: Urinary calculi often occur in weathered ram lambs and buck kids. Because treatment is not usually effective, prevention is very important. One measure can be the inclusion of anionic salts in the commercial concentrates. This works by increasing the resorption of calcium and phosphorus from the bone stores, thus decreasing the circulating levels of both minerals

83
Q

True or False: The class of proteolytic enzymes endopeptidases all cleave peptide bonds that are in the interior of the proteins (and peptides)

84
Q

True or False: The absorption of numerous fatty acids via a transport protein is similar to the absorption of glucose in that it is driven by high Na+ concentrations in the lumen of the small intestine. While this part of the absorption process doesn’t require energy, getting rid of Na+ once the AA is absorbed does.

85
Q

Potential source of prions

A

Meat and bone meal

86
Q

Amount must be limited in rations because of gossypol

A

Whole cottonseed

87
Q

Feeding this dramatically decreases protein utilization efficiency

A

Raw soybeans

88
Q

Must be limit fed in ruminant rations because of fat/oil content

A

Corn gluten meal

89
Q

Considered by many to be essential in chick rations

90
Q

Has high crude protein (but very low protein quality) and high levels of xanthophyll

A

Corn gluten meal

91
Q

While a great source of protein, it has some palatability issues in ruminant animals. Palatability is not an issue in non ruminants

92
Q

Of the three ketone bodies synthesized by the liver, which one does not contribute to the alteration of system pH?

Nutrition 332 (10 decks)

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