Lab quiz #3 Flashcards
Pulmonary function tests:
Adult lung volumes _
Lung capacity
- adult lung volumes ~ 4-6L
Testing lung capacity function
gas exchange
- O2 in and CO2 out
In lab we utilize a _ and _ to test lung capacity
- plethysmograph
- spirometry
_ used to measure changes in volume
plethysmograph
- Governs how we breath
- Pressure and volume of an ideal gas are inversely proportional at a constant temperature
- P1V1=P2V2
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law
- alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure
inspiration
With _ lungs/thorax expand (volume _ , pressure _) air rushes in
- inspiration
- increases
- decreases
Boyle’s Law
- alveolar pressure increases
expiration
with _ lungs/thorax compress (volume_, pressure _) air rushes out
- expiration
- decreases
- increases
volume of air in a normal breath
- between _ and _ L per breath
Tidal Volume (TV or Vt)
- 0.4L - 0.6L / breath
volume of air that can be inspired maximally at the end of normal inspiration (TV)
- between _ and _ L
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
- 2.5L - 3.5L
volume of air that can be expired maximally at the end of normal expiration
- between _ and _ L
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
- 1.0L - 1.5L
volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration
- averages: men 0.9L - 1.4L – women 0.8L-1.2L
- cannot be measured directly
Residual (lung) Volume (RV or RLV)
air remaining in lungs after normal expiration; also called thoracic gas volume (TGV)
ERV + RV = _
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
IRV + TV + ERV = _
indirect indication of lung size
- used in fitness/health clinics
- used to assess effects of smoking, disease, and/or environment
- SVC and FVC
- reflective of age, height, and gender
- reduced with restrictive lung diseases
- averages: men 4L - 5L – women 3L - 4L
Vital Capacity (VC)
IRV + TV + ERV + RV or VC + RV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Training does not substantially change _
static/some dynamic lung volumes
Genetics and body size have _
greater influences on lung volumes
ability to maximally exhale over :01, :03, etc.
- measure of resistance to flow when expressed as FEV1 or FEV3
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1, FWV3)
pulmonary airflow capacity, pulmonary expiratory capacity, and overall resistance to air movement in the lungs
Forced Expiratory Volume
Healthy individuals should have FEV1/VC ratio of _
- %FEV/FVC > 70% = _
- how good you exhale
- ~80%
- normal
_ lung diseases affect the ability to exhale
- asthma, emphysema, asthmatic/chronic bronchitis, COPD, sleep apnea
- marker for obstruction = FEV1/VC ratio less than or equal to _
- obstructive
- 70%
- normal = _%
- obstructive (exhale) = _%
- restrictive (inhale) = _%
- 80%
- less than 70%
- Greater than 80%
maximal volume of air inhaled/exhaled from the lungs over a sustained time
- respiratory power (L/min)
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) or Maximal Breathing Capacity (MBC)
Dependent upon strength of respiratory muscles, compliance of lung-thorax system, and resistance of airways
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
Dynamic measure, but not measured during exercise
- ~25% higher than VE during exercise because we only support what we need for exercise, never reach max
- Averages: men 140-180 L/min – women 80-120 L/min
- requires high level of motivation
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
how much flow can go through a tube with ‘X’ pressure
- essentially a pressure measurement
- depends on:
- diameter of airway
- laminar (straight) or turbulent (chaotic) flow
- surfactant
Resistance (Raw)
how much pressure it takes to push ‘X’ flow through a given tube
- essentially a flow measurement
- amount of air reaching the alveoli per unit of time per unit of pressure
Conductance (Gaw)
Greater lung volumes = _ resistance and _ conductance
- decreased
- increased
