Lab quiz 2 pt2 Flashcards
DEFINE: CELLULAR IMMUNITY
Direct immunity mediated by T cells
DEFINE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Indirect immunity mediated by B cells
EACH MONOMER OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSISTS OF A HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAIN BOUND TOGETHER BY ____________
Disulfide Bridges
ELISA IS AN AN ACRONYM FOR WHAT?
Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC AREA INSIDE A TONSIL
Follicles
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ability to differentiate self from non-self
GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A LYMPHOID ORGAN
Spleen, thymus
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
immune response
GIVE ONE OF THE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A ____________, IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS
Constant Region
HEAVY CHAINS AND LIGHT CHAINS HAVE A CONSTANT ( C ) REGION IN WHICH THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IDENTICAL IN BOTH CHAINS, AND A _____________, WHICH DIFFERS IN THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS FORMED IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT ANTIGENS
Variable Region
INVAGINATIONS OF THE MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM OF THE TONSILS ARE CALLED?
Crypts
LYMPH CIRCULATES THROUGH __________ BEFORE EXITING THE NODE
Lymph Sinuses
LYMPH ENTERS THE LYMPH NODE VIA ______________
Afferent Vessels
LYMPH EXITS THE LYMPH NODE VIA THE ______________
Efferent Vessels
LYMPH IS FILTERED THROUGH WHAT BEAN-SHAPED STRUCTURES?
Lymph Nodes
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES SEND LYMPH TO LYMPHATIC EVESSELS AND THE LARGER______________
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
LYMPHATIC COLLECTING VESSELS SEND LYMPH TO THE LARGER_________ BEFORE SENDING IT BACK TO VASCULAR CIRCULATION
Lymphatic Trunks
LYMPHOCYTES BECOME______________ AN EVENT INDICATED BY THE APPEARANCES OF SPECIFIC CELL-SURFACE PROTEINS THAT ENABLE THE LYMPHOCYTES TO RESPOND (BY BINDING) TO A PARTICULAR ANTIGEN
Immunocompetent
MACROMOLECULES THAT ARE CAPABLE OF PROVOKING AN IMMUNE REPONSE AND REACTING WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS PRODUCTS ARE SAID TO BE__________
Antigenic
NAME ONE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
Multiple Sclerosis
NAME ONE PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN
Thymus
NAME ONE SECONDARY LYMPHOID AREA
Lymph nodes/ spleen/ tonsils/ appendix
NAME TWO OF THE FIVE CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBINS
IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA, IgE (list any 2)
ORIGINALLY USED TO MEASURE ANTIBODY TITER, _____________ HAS BEEN MODIFIED FOR USE IN HIV-1 BLOOD SCREENING
ELISA
SWOLLEN GLANDS REFERS TO THE SWELLING OF WHAT CLUSTERED STRUCTURES?
Lymph Nodes
THE _____________ IS A FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM THAT RECOGNIZES SOMETHING AS FOREIGN AND ACTS TO DESTROY OR NEUTRALIZE IT
Adaptive Immune System
THE ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN TISSUES IS CALLED____________
Edema
THE BULK OF THE SPLEEN CONSISTS OF _____________ COMPOSED OF VENOUS SINUSES AND AREAS OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES
Red Pulp
THE ENLARGED TERMINUS OF THE THORACIC DUCT THAT RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE DIGESTIVE VISCERA IS CALLED______________
Cisterna Chyli
THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED ITS _________________
Heavy Chain(s)
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE PROTECTS US FROM WHAT (GIVE ONLY ONE ANSWER)?
Bacterial/ viral infections
THE INTERNAL PART OF THE LYMPH NODE WITH CELLS THAT ARE ARRANGED IN A CORD-LIKE FASHION IS CALLED THE __________
Medulla
THE LARGE___________RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE BULK OF THE BODY
Thoracic Duct
THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHAIN OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS CALLED IT’S _________________
Light Chain(s)
THE OUTER REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE IS CALLED THE ___________
Cortex
THE PART OF THE CORTEX OF THE LYMPH NODES THAT CONTAIN RAPIDLY DIVIDING B CELLS AND HAVE CELLS ARRANGED INTO GLOBULAR MASSES IS CALLED__________
Germinal Centers
THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE _____________ WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A SPECIFIC ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF AN ANITGEN
Antigen-Binding Site
THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS IN EACH ARM OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTRUCT ONE ANTIGEN-BINDING SITE WHICH IS UNIQUELY SHAPED TO FIT A SPECIFIC __________________ OF AN ANTIGEN
Antigenic Determinant
THESE PHAGOTITIC CELLS ARE FOUND INSIDE LYMPH NODES AND DESTROY BACTERIA, CANCER CELLS, AND OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FOUND IN THE LYMPHATIC STREAM
Macrophages
WHAT DO PLASMA CELLS PRODUCE?
Antibodies / agglutinins
WHAT IS THE AREA OF RETICULAR TISSUE AND MACROPHAGES WITHIN THE SPLEEN CALLED?
Splenic Cords
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE INVOLUTION (SHRINKING) OF THE THYMUS WITH AGE
Immunodefiency of the elderly
WHAT IS THE FIBROUS OUTER COVERING OF THE LYMPH NODE CALLED?
Capsule (Fibrous)
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRYPTS OF THE TONSILS?
Trap bacteria and other foreign matter to be destroyed
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF WHITE PULP?
Immune function of the spleen
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE AREA FROM WHICH EFFERENT VESSELS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?
Hilum
WHAT PREVENTS LYMPH BACKFLOW IN LYMPHATIC VESSELS?
Valves
WHERE DO B CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE?
Bone marrow
WHERE DO T CELLS/ LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE?
Thymus
HEART WHEN BATHED IN A SOLUTION WITH WARM RINGER’S?
speeds up heart rate
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH ATROPINE SULFATE?
speeds up heart rate
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH CALCIUM IONS?
Strengthens heart contractions
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH COLD RINGER’S?
slows down heart rate
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH DIGITALIS?
slows heart rate and steadies contraction
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH EPINEPHRINE?
speeds up heart rate
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH PILOCARPINE?
slows down heart rate
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH POTASSIUM IONS?
weakens heart contractions
HEART WHEN BATHED IN SOLUTION WITH SODIUM IONS?
Weakens heart contractions
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?
slows the heart rate
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL ON THE HEART?
speeds up the heart rate
What is the equation for the MAP, mean arterial pressure?
MAP = (2D+S)/3
How do you calculate the pulse pressure?
Pulse Pressure = Systolic - Diastolic
Number of Platelets
250,000-400,000 per mm3
Number of WBCs
4,800-10,800 per mm3
Number of Leukocytes
5,000-10,000 per mm3
Cholesterol level
Anything below 200 mg/dl
Type A %
39%
Type AB %
4%
Type B %
12%
Type O %
45%
Basophil %
Less than 1%
Lymphocyte %
25% +
Eosinophil %
2-4%
Neutrophil %
50-70%
Monocyte %
3-8%
RBC healthy female
4.3-5.5 million per mm3
RBC healthy male
4.5-6.0 million per mm3
RBC anemic male
Below 4.5 million per mn3
RBC anemic female
Below 4.3 million per mm3