A&P lab quiz 4 Flashcards
ARE FAT DEPOSITS THAT SURROUND THE KIDNEYS
Perirenal Fat Capsules
DEFINE: KETONURIA
condition in which a person has a high concentration of ketones in urine
WHAT IS THE NORMAL ODOR OF URINE?
SLIGHTLY AROMATIC
NAME ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS
Macula Densa
THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD PLASMA FILTERED BY A NORMAL KIDNEY IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD IS BETWEEN AND LITERS.
150 AND 180
GIVE A CAUSE OF PYURIA
Inflammation of the urinary tract
IN A PREPARED URINE SAMPLE, ARE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES THAT FORM CRYSTALS OR PRECIPITATE FROM SOLUTION
Unorganized Sediments
WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE, SMOOTH OR SKELETAL, IS FOUND IN THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
Skeletal
THE NORMAL URINARY OUTPUT OF A HEALTHY KIDNEY IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD IS BETWEEN AND LITERS.
1.0 AND 1.8
IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF BILE PIGMENTS IN URINE
BILIRUBINURIA
NAME ONE OF THE THREE FUNCTIONS OF THE NEPHRON
Filtration/ Reabsorption/ Secretion
GIVE A CAUSE FOR GLYCOSURIA
diabetes mellitus/
LIST A CAUSE OF BILIRUBINURIA
Liver Pathology/ hepatitis/ cirrhosis/
DURING , MANY OF THE FILTRATE COMPONENTS MOVE THROUGHT TUBULE CELLS AND RETURN TO THE BLOOD IN THE PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
Tubular Reabsorption
GIVE A CAUSE FOR HEMOGLOBINURIA
Lysis of red blood cells/ poisonous snake bites/ renal disease
NAME ONE OF THE CHARCTERISTICS USED TO IDENTIFY NORMAL URINE
Characteristics of Urine- Color/ Odor/ Specific Gravity/ pH
IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE
HEMATURIA
LIST A CAUSE OF PATHOLOGIC ALBUMINURIA
Kidney damage due to blows or kidney damage due to hypertension.
GIVE A CAUSE OF CASTS
PATHOLOGY OF URINARY TRACT OR KIDNEY
THE ACTION OF GIVES STANDING URINE AN AMMONIA- LIKE ODOR
BACTERIA
IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS THE DIALYSATE CONTAINS &
GLUCOSE & SALTS
MOST NEPHRONS CALLED , ARE LOCATED ENTIRELY WITHIN THE CORTEX
Cortical Nephrons
A DIET INCREASES THE pH OF URINE
ALKALINE ASH/ VEGETARIAN
IS THE INFLAMMATION OF THE SAC AROUND THE HEART CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE.
PERICARDITIS
THE IS A SPECIALIZED GROUP OF COLUMNAR CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS IN THE DISTAL CONVULUTED TUBULE ABUTTING THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS
Macula Densa
DEFINE: CASTS
HARDENED CELL FRAGMENTS FLUSHED OUT OF THE URINARY TRACT
NAME TWO PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys (right and Left), Ureters (right and left), Urinary Bladder, Urethra
IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A CONDITION OF HIGH BLOOD ACIDITY
ACIDOSIS
DEFINE: ACID ASH FOODS
FOODS THAT INCREASE THE ACIDITY OF URINE
A DIET EXCESSIVELY HIGH IN CARBOHYDRATES CAN LEAD TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF IN URINE
GLUCOSE
IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE
HEMATURIA
WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND SULFATES IN URINE?
YES
NAME ONE OF THE BACTERIA THAT MAY CAUSE NITRITES IN THE URINE
E. Coli
, THE ROLE OF THE GLOMERULUS, IS A LARGELY PASSIVE PROCESS IN WHICH A PORTION OF THE BLOOD PASSES FROM THE GLOMERULAR BED TO THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE
Filtration
CELLS FUNCTION AS BLOOD PRESSURE SENSORS IN THE WALLS OF THE AFFERENT ARTERIOLE NEAR THE GLOMERULUS
Granular Cells
THE NORMAL RANGE FOR GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN A PERSON’S BLOOD IS
80-120 mg/100ml of blood
DEFINE: PYELONEPHRITIS
INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY
NAME TWO NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE, OTHER THAN WATER AND SODIUM
Potassium/ Calcium/ Magnesium/
GIVE A CAUSE FOR HEMATURIA
Pathology of the urinary tract/ irritation of the urinary tract
WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND LEUKOCYTES IN URINE?
NO
A BACTERIAL INFECTION OF THE URINARY TRACT, WOULD RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?
alkaline pH
,THE REVERSE OF TUBULAR REABSORTION, IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SUBSTANCE NOT ALREADY IN THE FILTRATE AND AS A DEVICE TO CONTROL BLOOD Ph
Tubular Secretion
DEFINE: PTOSIS (NEPHROPTOSIS)
dropping of the kidneys to a lower position in abdominal cavity.
LIST A CAUSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALBUMINURIA
overabundant protein intake
NAME ONE INORGANIC COMPONENT NORMALLY FOUND IN URINE
SULFATES/ PHOSPHATES/ CHLORIDES
DEFINE: GLYCOSURIA
ABNORMALLY HIGH BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN URINE
WHAT IS THE NORMAL COLOR OF URINE?
Yellow
DEFINE: UROBILINOGEN
GIVES FECES A BROWN COLOR
WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND CHLORIDES IN URINE?
YES
IS THE NAME GIVEN TO ABNORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE
UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
THE TRIANGULAR REGION OF THE BLADDER DELINEATED BY THREE OPENINGS, TWO URETERS AND THE URETHRA, IS REFERRED TO AS THE
Trigone
EACH NEPHRON HAS A REGION CALLED THE , THAT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FORMING CONCENTRATED URINE
Juxtamedullary Apparatus (JGA)
A DIET HIGH IN PROTEINS WOULD RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?
Acidic pH
NAME TWO ABNORMAL URINARY CONSTITUENTS
Glucose/ Albumin/ Ketone bodies/ Red blood cells/ White blood cells
IN WHAT AGE GROUP IS INCONTINENCE NORMAL?
Children 2 years and younger
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE FEMALE URETHRA?
Female Urethra Length- 4 CM
WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE, SMOOTH OR SKELETAL, IS FOUND IN THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
Smooth
NAME AN EXAMPLE OF AN ORGANIZED SEDIMENT THAT MAY BE FOUND ABNORMALLY IN URINE
Epithelial cells/ Pus cells (WBC)/ RBC/ Casts
GIVE ONE CAUSE FOR INCONTIENCE IN OLDER CHILDREN AND ADULTS
emotional problems/ bladder irritability/ pathology of the urinary tract
PARTS OF THE LOOPS OF HENLE OF THE ___ NEPHRONS PENETRATE WELL INTO THE MEDULLA
Juxtamedullary (Nephrons)
LACK OF VOLUNTARY CONTROL OVER THE EXTERNAL SPHINCTER IS REFERRED TO AS
Incontinence
THE PARASYMPATHETIC REFLEX THAT STARTS EACH TIME 200 ML OF URINE ACCUMULATE IN THE BLADDER IS CALLED?
Micturition Reflex
NAME ONE UNORGANIZED SEDIMENT
calcium/ phosphates/ uric Acid/ ammonium ureates/ cholesterol
DEFINE: UROCHROME
PIGMENT THAT GIVES URINE ITS YELLOW COLOR
WHAT IS THE NORMAL pH FOR URINE?
average pH of 6.0
THE KIDNEY MAINTAINS THE ELECTROLYTE, ACID-BASE, AND FLUID BALANCES OF THE BLOOD AND IS THUS A MAJOR ORGAN OF THE BODY
Homeostatic Organ
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE MALE URETHRA?
Male Urethra Length-20 cm
THE URINE OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAS AN ODOR THAT SMELLS LIKE
Fruity
WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND PHOSPHATES IN URINE?
YES
A STRICT VEGETARIAN DIET MAY RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?
ALKALINE pH
WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND NITRITES IN URINE?
NO
PODOCYTES HAVE LONG, BRANCHING PROCESSES,___, THAT INTERDIGITATE WITH OTHER PODOCYTES.
Foot Processes
NITRITES IN THE URINE MAY BE INDICATIVE OF WHAT KIND OF INFECTION?
Bacterial Infection
GIVE A CAUSE OF KETONURIA
starvation/ Diabetes mellitus
IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN URINE
PYURIA
IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH URINE EMPTIES FORM THE BLADDER
Micturition/ Urination
LIST A CAUSE OF RENAL CALCULI
Caused by insoluble crystallized deposits or precipitates of substances normally held in solution.
IN HEMODIALYSIS ARE REMOVED FROM THE BLOOD.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES / NITROGENOUS WASTES
GIVE THE SPECIFIC NAME OF THE ENTIRE LAB APPARATUS USED TO MEASURE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE
Urinometer
A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM DIABETES MELLITUS WILL HAVE A THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
HIGHER
IN HEMODIALYSIS AN SEPARATES THE BLOOD FROM THE DIALYSATE.
ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE
IN HEMODIALYSIS A IS SURGICALLY CREATED TO FACILITATE THE REMOVAL & RETURN OF BLOOD
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA
A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM WILL HAVE A HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
DIABETES MELLITUS
IN THE PROCESS CALLED , BLOOD IS REMOVED FROM THE BODY AND PUMPED INTO A MACHINE THAT FILTERS THE TOXIC SUBSTANCES OUT OF THE BLOOD AND THEN RETURNS THE PURIFIED BLOOD TO THE PATIENT
Hemodialysis
NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE URINOMETER THAT HOLDS THE URINE SAMPLE
Urinometer cylinder
A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM WILL HAVE A LOWER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
NAME 2 COMPONENTS REMOVED DURING HEMODIALYSIS
WASTE (NITROGENOUS) PRODUCTS / DRUGS / POISONS AND WATER / IONS
WHAT CAN DIALYSIS BE USED TO TREAT?
Dialysis Treatments- Long term kidney failure/ before kidney transplant/ remove drugs and poisons
WHAT IS THE URINOMETER USED TO MEASURE?
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE / AMOUNT OF SOLUTES
NAME ONE CONDITION CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE FOR WHICH DOCTORS RECOMMEND DIALYSIS.
UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY / PERICARDITIS / ACIDOSIS / HEART FAILURE
GIVE ONE OF THE OUTCOMES OF A SUCCESSFUL DIALYSIS PROGRAM
ACCEPTABLE RBC COUNT/ NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE/ NO NERVE DAMAGE
IN HEMODIALYSIS THE COMPOSITION OF THE DIALYSATE IS SIMILAR TO.
NORMAL BODY FLUIDS
A HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM A URINE SAMPLE IS ABOVE .
1.030
IN THE DIALYSATE DRAINS BY GRAVITY.
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE URINOMETER THAT MOVES HIGHER OR LOWER DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE URINE SAMPLE
Urinometer float
THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL CAN VARY BETWEEN AND .
1.003 AND 1.030
IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS A IS INSERTED IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL AND IS USED TO PUMP THROUGH THE DIALYSATE
CATHETER
IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, THE , A MEMBRANE IN THE ABDOMEN, IS USED AS THE FILTER
Peritoneum
A LOWER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM A URINE SAMPLE SHOULD BE BELOW .
Below 1.003
FOR , DIALYSIS MAY BE BEGUN WHEN KIDNEY’S AREN’T REMOVING WASTE PRODUCTS ADEQUATELY OR WHEN A PATIENT CAN NO LONGER PERFORM NORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES
Chronic Kidney Failure
HOW OFTEN IS DIALYSIS NORMALLY PERFORMED?
3 TIMES A WEEK
MANY DOCTORS USE DIALYSIS PREVENTIVELY IN WHEN URINE OUTPUT IS LOW AND CONTINUE TILL KIDNEY FUNCTION IS RESTORED
Acute Kidney Failure
A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM ALBUMINURIA WILL HAVE A ___ THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
HIGHER
DURING___, CONTRACTION OF THE EJACULATORY DUCT PROPELS SPERM THROUGH THE PROSTATE TO THE PROSTATIC URETHRA
Ejaculation
DEFINE: MENSES (DON’T NEED TO INCLUDE DATES IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WHEN THIS OCCURS)
Shedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus, with bleeding
NAME ONE OF THE REGIONS OF THE MALE URETHRA
Prostatic Urethra/ Membranous Urethra/ Spongy Urethra
DEFINE: OOGONIA
STEM CELL THAT IS A PRECURSOR TO PRIMARY OOCYTE
DEFINE: CIRCUMCISION
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE FORESKIN
WHAT IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF THE FEMALE?
Vulva
DEFINE: SYNAPSIS
PAIRING OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
WHAT IS THE ONLY TRUE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF THE MALE
TESTIS
DEFINE: MENARCHE
ONSET OF MENSTRUATION IN A WOMAN
THE TERMINUS OF THE DUCTUS DEFERENS ENLARGES TO FOR THE REGION CALLED THE
Ampulla
WHEN DOES SYNAPSIS OCCUR?
IN PROPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS 1
LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF OOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY THE VIABLE CELLS. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)
oogonium, primary oocytes, secondary oocyte, then ovum
A FOLLICLE IS ENCASED BY ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF CELLS
Follicle/ Granulosa Cells
DEFINE: CHIASMATA
POINT OF CROSSOVER IN A TETRAD DURING MEIOSIS
WHICH DAYS IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE DO THE MENSES OCCUR?
days 1-5 of Menstrual cycle.
NAME ONE OF THE LIGAMENTS THAT SUPPORT THE OVARIES
Ovarian Ligaments
WHAT IS FOUND IN THE MIDPIECE OF THE SPERM?
MITOCHONDRIA
EACH MAMMARY GLAND CONSISTS OF 15-25 WHICH RADIATE AROUND THE NIPPLE AND ARE SEPARATED BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE AND ADIPOSE TISSUES
Lobes
DEFINE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
WIDESPREAD INFLAMMATION OF THE PELVIC VISCERA
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF INTERSTITIAL CELLS?
PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE
GIVE THE DEFINITION OF VASECTOMY
cutting of the VAS Deferens
THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS CALLED
Vesicular Follicle
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LACTIFEROUS SINUS?
Milk storage/ milk passageway
DEFINE: ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
fertilized egg implants outside the uterus
WHAT IS THE ONLY REPRODUCTIVE PRODUCT OF THE TESTIS?
Sperm
DEFINE: GAMETOGENESIS
PROCESS OF GAMETE FORMATION
WHAT DOES n, HAPLOID COMPLIMENT REFER TO IN TERMS OF CHROMOSOME #?
23 Chromosomes
LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF MITOSIS (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
THE DUCTUS DEFERENS IS ENCLOSED ALONG WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES IN A CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH CALLED THE
Spermatic Cord
DEFINE: TETRADS
GROUPING OF 4 CHROMATIDS IN EACH CHROMOSOME PAIR DURING MEIOSIS
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION THE LACTERIFEROUS DUCTS?
milk passageway
WITHIN EACH LOBE OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS ARE SMALLER CHAMBERS CALLED
Lobules
GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF SUSTENTACULAR CELLS?
NOURISH SPERM CELLS
THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN SPERM, BEGINNING AT PUBERTY AND CONTINUING THROUGHTOUT LIFE IS CALLED
Spermatogenesis
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE STEM CELL THAT REPLICATES IT’S CHROMOSOMES BEFORE MEIOSIS I?
Mother Cell
THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT THAT ANCHORS THE UTERINE TUBES IS CALLED THE
Mesosalpinx
NAME TWO OF THE ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PROSTATE GLAND/ SEMINAL VESICLE
GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CELLS THAT ARE PRODUCED AFTER MEIOSIS I IN THE HUMAN FEMALE
Secondary Oocyte/ First Polar Body
LOBULES CONTAIN GLANDULAR THAT PRODUCE MILK DURING LACTATION
Alveoli
NAME THE TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SEMEN
COMPOSED OF SPERM AND SEMINAL FLUID
IF FERTILIZATION DOES NOT OCCUR THE CORPUS LUTEUM WILL DEGENERATE INTO THE , SCAR TISSUE
Corpus Albicans
BEFORE BIRTH A FEMALE HUMAN HAS HER LIFETIME SUPPLY OF OOGONIA REACH THE STEP OF OOGENESIS / GAMETE DEVELOPMENT (GIVE THE STATE / TYPE OF CELL AS YOUR ANSWER)
Primary Oocyte
NAME THE DEEPER ENDOMETRIAL LAYER THAT FORMS A NEW FUNCTIONALIS LAYER AFTER MENSTRUATION ENDS
Basal Layer
THE PRIMITIVE MALE STEM CELLS ARE CALLED
Spermatagonia
WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES OF THE UTERINE/ MENSTRUAL CYCLE?
Menstrual, proliferative, secretory
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS?
produce milk to nourish newborn
THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT THAT ANCHORS THE UTERUS IS CALLED THE
Mesometrium
WHAT DOES 2n, DIPLOID COMPLIMENT REFER TO IN TERMS OF CHROMOSOME #?
23 Pairs of Chromosomes
GIVE A CAUSE OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
GONORRHEA/ STD’s
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
perpetuate the species
WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM USED TO NAME INTERSTITIAL CELLS?
Leydig Cells
AFTER MEIOSIS I, TETRADS HAVE DIVIDED INTO , WHICH ARE A PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES HELD TOGETHER AT CENTROMERES
Sister Chromatids
GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CELLS THAT ARE PRODUCED AFTER MEIOSIS II IN THE HUMAN FEMALE
Ovum
WHAT IS THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS I AND MITOSIS? (GIVE PHASE AND DESCRIBE HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME ARRANGEMENT)
During metaphase of Meiosis I, replicated homologous chromosomes line up next to each other. In metaphase of mitosis, replicated homologous chromosomes line up top and bottom
THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE OVARY IS CALLED?
Germinal Epithelium
THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE STROMA ADJACENT TO THE MATURE FOLLICLE FORMS A CAPSULE CALLED THE
Theca Folliculi
AS THE FOLLICLE GROWS, ITS EPITHELIUM CHANGES FROM SQUAMOUS TO CUBOIDAL CELLS AND COMES TO BE CALLED A
Primary Follicle
WHAT STRUCTURES ARE FOUND IN THE VESTIBULE, WHICH IS BORDERED/ ENCLOSED BY THE LABIA MINORA?
Clitoris
LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE EIGHT STAGES OF MEIOSIS. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)
prophase1, metaphase1, anaphase1, telophase1, prophase 2, metaphase2, anaphase2, telophase 2
OOGONIA BECOME ENCAPSULATED BY A SINGLE LAYER OF SQUAMOUS-LIKE FOLLICLE CELLS AND FORM THE OF THE OVARY
Primordial Follicles
HYPERTROPHY (ENLARGEMENT) OF THE PROSTATE GLAND WILL RESULT IN WHAT CONDITION?
CONSTRICTION OF THE URETHRA/ Makes urinating difficult
LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY AN UNFERTILIZED EGG FROM ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)
ovary to fimbriae, to fallopian tube, to uterus, to vagina, to vaginal orifice
THE ENGORGING OF THE PENIS WITH BLOOD DURING AROUSAL IS CALLED AN
Erection
LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF SPERMATOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)
spermatogonium, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa.
NAME ONE OF THE TWO OUTER VISIBLE STRUCTURES OF THE BREASTS
Areola/ Nipple
DEFINE: MENOPAUSE
TERMINATION OF ALL OVULATION AND MENSTRUATION IN A WOMAN
THE DIAMOND-SHAPED REGION BETWEEN THE LABIAL FOLDS ANTERIORLY, THE ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES LATERALLY AND THE ANUS POSTERIORLY IS CALLED THE
Perineum
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF VASECTOMY
Makes a man sterile.
WHAT FEMALE STRUCTURE IS HOMOLOGUS TO THE MALE PENIS?
Clitoris
WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM USED TO NAME LUETINIZING HORMONE (LH)?
Interstitial Cell- Stimulating Hormone
DEFINE: SPERMIOGENESIS
maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa.
WHAT IS THE ONLY TRUE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF THE FEMALE
Ovaries
THE ___ CELLS NOURISH SPERM CELLS, FORM THE BLOOD-TESTES BARRIER, PHAGOCYTIZE EXCESS SPERMATID CYTOPLASM & SECRETE INHIBIN
Sustentacular Cells
LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY A SPERM FROM ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)
testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, penile urethra, external urethral orifice.
DEFINE: ERECTION
THE ENGORGEMENT OF THE PENIS WITH BLOOD THAT MAKES IT RIGID AND ENLARGED.
WHAT IS GAMETE FORMATION IN THE HUMAN FEMALE CALLED?
Oogenesis
THE SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF THE ENDOMETRIUM THAT SLOUGHS OFF ABOUT EVERY 28 DAYS IS CALLED THE
Functional Layer
NAME ONE OF THE TWO LIGAMENTS THAT WHICH HELP ATTACH THE UTERUS TO THE BODY WALL
Round Ligaments
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE RADIATING CROWN OF GRANULOSA CELLS THAT SURROUND THE GROWING SECONDARY OOCYTE INSIDE OF THE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE?
Corona Radiata
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE UTERUS (UTERINE CYCLE)
endometrium continues to develop.
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF OOGENESIS
secondary oocyte only completes up to metaphase 2 of Meiosis.
LIST THE PHASES AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 15-25 OF THE SECRETORY PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON- PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARY (OVARIAN CYCLE)
Corpus Luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone in the luteal phase.
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE UTERUS (UTERINE CYCLE)
Endometrium sheds off and Menstruation occurs
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN, FSH AND LH
Low estrogen levels causes FSH and LH to be produced causing follicle to enlarge
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 15-25 OF THE SECRETORY PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON- PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN, FSH and LH
elevated Estrogen levels inhibit FSH and LH production.
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 6- 12 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN AND FSH
follicle produce Estrogen which inhibits FSH production
LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 6- 12 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIES (OVARIAN CYCLE)
follicular phase, one follicle will begin to mature.
LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIES (OVARIAN CYCLE)
follicular phase.
LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 14 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE AND OOGENESIS
Ovulation occurs. Empty follicle becomes corpus luteum
LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 14 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETION OF LH
LH surge cause mature follicle to release Secondary oocyte
ONCE FERTILIZATION HAS OCCURRED, THE ZYGOTE BEGINS TO DIVIDE, FORMING A MASS OF SUCCESSIVELY SMALLER AND SMALLER CELLS CALLED
Blastomeres
THE CELLS OF THE BLASTOCYST THAT WILL FORM THE EMBRYONIC BODY ARE CALLED
Inner Cell Mass (ICM)
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BLASTULA IN THE HUMAN?
Blastocyst
THE PORTION OF THE UTERINE WALL BENEATH THE ICM, DESTINED TO TAKE PART IN PLACENTA FORMATION IS CALLED THE
Decidua Basalis
GIVE ONE OF THE PRIMARY GERM CELL LAYERS
ENDODERM/ MESODERM/ ECTODERM
LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE FIRST 4 STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT - UP TO IMPLANTATION (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)
Zygote, early cleavage, late cleavage, Blastocyst
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT THAT FOLLOWS THE BLASTULA?
Early Gastrula
THE EMBRYO’S FIRST BLOOD CELLS ORIGINATE AND THE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS MIGRATE FROM THE ___ TO THE EMBRYO’S BODY TO SEED THE GONADAL TISSUE
Yolk Sac
IN THE HUMANS THE ECTODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?
Epidermis of the skin/ nervous system
THE SERIES OF MITOTIC DIVISIONS WITHOUT INTERVENING GROWTH PERIODS IS REFERRED TO AS
Cleavage
NAME ONE OF THE TWO STRUCTURES THAT SURROUND THE OVULATED EGG/ OVUM
Corona Radiata
LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING IMPLANTATION (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)
Gastrula, Embryo, Fetus, Newborn.
AFTER THE CLEAVAGE STAGES THE CELL MASS HOLLOWS OUT TO BECOME THE EMBRYONIC FORM CALLED THE
Blastula
DEFINE: ZYGOTE
FERTILIZED OVUM WITH FUSED NUCLEI
IN THE HUMANS THE ENDODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?
Forms the mucosa of the digestive and respiratory tracts
IN HUMANS THE ALLANTOIS IS THE STRUCTURAL BASIS ON WHICH THE MESODERM MIGRATES TO FORM THE BODY STALK ALSO CALLED THE
Umbilical Cord
GIVE ONE OF THE THREE BASIC ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ALL ANIMALS
CELLULAR SPECIALIZATION/ MORPHOGENESIS
DEFINE: HUMAN ZYGOTE
FERTILIZED OVUM WITH FUSED NUCLEI
AFTER THE NINTH WEEK OF DEVELOPMENT THE EMBRYO IS REFERRED TO AS THE
Fetus
THE ENCASES THE YOUNG EMBRYONIC BODY IN A FLUID FILLED CHAMBER THAT PROTECTS THE EMBRYO AGAINST MECHANICAL TRAUMA AND TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND PREVENTS ADHESIONS DURING RAPID EMBRYONIC GROWTH
Amnion
THE CELLS OF THE BLASTOCYST THAT WILL BECOME THE CHORION AND PLACENTA ARE CALLED THE
Trophoblast
THE PART OF THE PLACENTA WHERE ALL EXCHANGES TO AND FROM THE EMBRYO/ FETUS IS CALLED THE
Chorionic Villi
THE SOLID BALL OF 32 CELL CLEAVAGE STAGE OF THE EMBRYO IS CALLED
Morula
IN THE HUMANS THE MESODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?
Skeleton
THE PORTION OF THE UTERINE WALL SURROUNDING THE BLASTOCYST NEAR THE UTERINE LUMEN OR CAVITY IS CALLED THE
Decidua Capsularis
THE INTERVILLOUS SPACES ARE FILLED WITH WHAT DURING LIFE?
Maternal blood
THE COMPOSITE OF THE UTERINE LINING AND THE CHORIONIC VILLI IS CALLED THE
Placenta
DEFINE: FERTILIZATION
the fusion of the oocyte and sperm
IN HUMANS THE IS THE STRUCTURAL BASIS ON WHICH THE MESODERM MIGRATES TO FORM THE BODY STALK OR UMBILICAL CORD
Allantois
THE FORMATION OF THREE DISTINCT CELL TYPES IN THE GASTRULA IS CALLED
Gastrulation
