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A&P Lab > A&P lab quiz 4 > Flashcards

A&P lab quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ARE FAT DEPOSITS THAT SURROUND THE KIDNEYS

A

Perirenal Fat Capsules

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2
Q

DEFINE: KETONURIA

A

condition in which a person has a high concentration of ketones in urine

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL ODOR OF URINE?

A

SLIGHTLY AROMATIC

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4
Q

NAME ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

A

Macula Densa

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5
Q

THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD PLASMA FILTERED BY A NORMAL KIDNEY IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD IS BETWEEN AND LITERS.

A

150 AND 180

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6
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF PYURIA

A

Inflammation of the urinary tract

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7
Q

IN A PREPARED URINE SAMPLE, ARE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES THAT FORM CRYSTALS OR PRECIPITATE FROM SOLUTION

A

Unorganized Sediments

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8
Q

WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE, SMOOTH OR SKELETAL, IS FOUND IN THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

A

Skeletal

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9
Q

THE NORMAL URINARY OUTPUT OF A HEALTHY KIDNEY IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD IS BETWEEN AND LITERS.

A

1.0 AND 1.8

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10
Q

IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF BILE PIGMENTS IN URINE

A

BILIRUBINURIA

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11
Q

NAME ONE OF THE THREE FUNCTIONS OF THE NEPHRON

A

Filtration/ Reabsorption/ Secretion

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12
Q

GIVE A CAUSE FOR GLYCOSURIA

A

diabetes mellitus/

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13
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF BILIRUBINURIA

A

Liver Pathology/ hepatitis/ cirrhosis/

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14
Q

DURING , MANY OF THE FILTRATE COMPONENTS MOVE THROUGHT TUBULE CELLS AND RETURN TO THE BLOOD IN THE PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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15
Q

GIVE A CAUSE FOR HEMOGLOBINURIA

A

Lysis of red blood cells/ poisonous snake bites/ renal disease

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16
Q

NAME ONE OF THE CHARCTERISTICS USED TO IDENTIFY NORMAL URINE

A

Characteristics of Urine- Color/ Odor/ Specific Gravity/ pH

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17
Q

IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE

A

HEMATURIA

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18
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF PATHOLOGIC ALBUMINURIA

A

Kidney damage due to blows or kidney damage due to hypertension.

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19
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF CASTS

A

PATHOLOGY OF URINARY TRACT OR KIDNEY

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20
Q

THE ACTION OF GIVES STANDING URINE AN AMMONIA- LIKE ODOR

A

BACTERIA

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21
Q

IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS THE DIALYSATE CONTAINS &

A

GLUCOSE & SALTS

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22
Q

MOST NEPHRONS CALLED , ARE LOCATED ENTIRELY WITHIN THE CORTEX

A

Cortical Nephrons

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23
Q

A DIET INCREASES THE pH OF URINE

A

ALKALINE ASH/ VEGETARIAN

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24
Q

IS THE INFLAMMATION OF THE SAC AROUND THE HEART CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE.

A

PERICARDITIS

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25
Q

THE IS A SPECIALIZED GROUP OF COLUMNAR CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS IN THE DISTAL CONVULUTED TUBULE ABUTTING THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

A

Macula Densa

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26
Q

DEFINE: CASTS

A

HARDENED CELL FRAGMENTS FLUSHED OUT OF THE URINARY TRACT

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27
Q

NAME TWO PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

A

Kidneys (right and Left), Ureters (right and left), Urinary Bladder, Urethra

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28
Q

IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A CONDITION OF HIGH BLOOD ACIDITY

A

ACIDOSIS

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29
Q

DEFINE: ACID ASH FOODS

A

FOODS THAT INCREASE THE ACIDITY OF URINE

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30
Q

A DIET EXCESSIVELY HIGH IN CARBOHYDRATES CAN LEAD TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF IN URINE

A

GLUCOSE

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31
Q

IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE

A

HEMATURIA

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32
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND SULFATES IN URINE?

A

YES

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33
Q

NAME ONE OF THE BACTERIA THAT MAY CAUSE NITRITES IN THE URINE

A

E. Coli

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34
Q

, THE ROLE OF THE GLOMERULUS, IS A LARGELY PASSIVE PROCESS IN WHICH A PORTION OF THE BLOOD PASSES FROM THE GLOMERULAR BED TO THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

A

Filtration

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35
Q

CELLS FUNCTION AS BLOOD PRESSURE SENSORS IN THE WALLS OF THE AFFERENT ARTERIOLE NEAR THE GLOMERULUS

A

Granular Cells

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36
Q

THE NORMAL RANGE FOR GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN A PERSON’S BLOOD IS

A

80-120 mg/100ml of blood

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37
Q

DEFINE: PYELONEPHRITIS

A

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY

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38
Q

NAME TWO NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE, OTHER THAN WATER AND SODIUM

A

Potassium/ Calcium/ Magnesium/

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39
Q

GIVE A CAUSE FOR HEMATURIA

A

Pathology of the urinary tract/ irritation of the urinary tract

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40
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND LEUKOCYTES IN URINE?

A

NO

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41
Q

A BACTERIAL INFECTION OF THE URINARY TRACT, WOULD RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?

A

alkaline pH

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42
Q

,THE REVERSE OF TUBULAR REABSORTION, IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SUBSTANCE NOT ALREADY IN THE FILTRATE AND AS A DEVICE TO CONTROL BLOOD Ph

A

Tubular Secretion

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43
Q

DEFINE: PTOSIS (NEPHROPTOSIS)

A

dropping of the kidneys to a lower position in abdominal cavity.

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44
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALBUMINURIA

A

overabundant protein intake

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45
Q

NAME ONE INORGANIC COMPONENT NORMALLY FOUND IN URINE

A

SULFATES/ PHOSPHATES/ CHLORIDES

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46
Q

DEFINE: GLYCOSURIA

A

ABNORMALLY HIGH BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN URINE

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47
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL COLOR OF URINE?

A

Yellow

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48
Q

DEFINE: UROBILINOGEN

A

GIVES FECES A BROWN COLOR

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49
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND CHLORIDES IN URINE?

A

YES

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50
Q

IS THE NAME GIVEN TO ABNORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE

A

UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

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51
Q

THE TRIANGULAR REGION OF THE BLADDER DELINEATED BY THREE OPENINGS, TWO URETERS AND THE URETHRA, IS REFERRED TO AS THE

A

Trigone

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52
Q

EACH NEPHRON HAS A REGION CALLED THE , THAT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FORMING CONCENTRATED URINE

A

Juxtamedullary Apparatus (JGA)

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53
Q

A DIET HIGH IN PROTEINS WOULD RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?

A

Acidic pH

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54
Q

NAME TWO ABNORMAL URINARY CONSTITUENTS

A

Glucose/ Albumin/ Ketone bodies/ Red blood cells/ White blood cells

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55
Q

IN WHAT AGE GROUP IS INCONTINENCE NORMAL?

A

Children 2 years and younger

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56
Q

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE FEMALE URETHRA?

A

Female Urethra Length- 4 CM

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57
Q

WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE, SMOOTH OR SKELETAL, IS FOUND IN THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

A

Smooth

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58
Q

NAME AN EXAMPLE OF AN ORGANIZED SEDIMENT THAT MAY BE FOUND ABNORMALLY IN URINE

A

Epithelial cells/ Pus cells (WBC)/ RBC/ Casts

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59
Q

GIVE ONE CAUSE FOR INCONTIENCE IN OLDER CHILDREN AND ADULTS

A

emotional problems/ bladder irritability/ pathology of the urinary tract

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60
Q

PARTS OF THE LOOPS OF HENLE OF THE ___ NEPHRONS PENETRATE WELL INTO THE MEDULLA

A

Juxtamedullary (Nephrons)

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61
Q

LACK OF VOLUNTARY CONTROL OVER THE EXTERNAL SPHINCTER IS REFERRED TO AS

A

Incontinence

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62
Q

THE PARASYMPATHETIC REFLEX THAT STARTS EACH TIME 200 ML OF URINE ACCUMULATE IN THE BLADDER IS CALLED?

A

Micturition Reflex

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63
Q

NAME ONE UNORGANIZED SEDIMENT

A

calcium/ phosphates/ uric Acid/ ammonium ureates/ cholesterol

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64
Q

DEFINE: UROCHROME

A

PIGMENT THAT GIVES URINE ITS YELLOW COLOR

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65
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL pH FOR URINE?

A

average pH of 6.0

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66
Q

THE KIDNEY MAINTAINS THE ELECTROLYTE, ACID-BASE, AND FLUID BALANCES OF THE BLOOD AND IS THUS A MAJOR ORGAN OF THE BODY

A

Homeostatic Organ

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67
Q

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE MALE URETHRA?

A

Male Urethra Length-20 cm

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68
Q

THE URINE OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAS AN ODOR THAT SMELLS LIKE

A

Fruity

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69
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND PHOSPHATES IN URINE?

A

YES

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70
Q

A STRICT VEGETARIAN DIET MAY RESULT IN WHAT pH VALUE IN A URINALYSIS TEST?

A

ALKALINE pH

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71
Q

WOULD YOU NORMALLY EXPECT TO FIND NITRITES IN URINE?

A

NO

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72
Q

PODOCYTES HAVE LONG, BRANCHING PROCESSES,___, THAT INTERDIGITATE WITH OTHER PODOCYTES.

A

Foot Processes

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73
Q

NITRITES IN THE URINE MAY BE INDICATIVE OF WHAT KIND OF INFECTION?

A

Bacterial Infection

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74
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF KETONURIA

A

starvation/ Diabetes mellitus

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75
Q

IS THE TERM FOR THE PRESENCE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN URINE

A

PYURIA

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76
Q

IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH URINE EMPTIES FORM THE BLADDER

A

Micturition/ Urination

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77
Q

LIST A CAUSE OF RENAL CALCULI

A

Caused by insoluble crystallized deposits or precipitates of substances normally held in solution.

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78
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS ARE REMOVED FROM THE BLOOD.

A

TOXIC SUBSTANCES / NITROGENOUS WASTES

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79
Q

GIVE THE SPECIFIC NAME OF THE ENTIRE LAB APPARATUS USED TO MEASURE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE

A

Urinometer

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80
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM DIABETES MELLITUS WILL HAVE A THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

HIGHER

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81
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS AN SEPARATES THE BLOOD FROM THE DIALYSATE.

A

ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE

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82
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS A IS SURGICALLY CREATED TO FACILITATE THE REMOVAL & RETURN OF BLOOD

A

ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA

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83
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM WILL HAVE A HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY.

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

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84
Q

IN THE PROCESS CALLED , BLOOD IS REMOVED FROM THE BODY AND PUMPED INTO A MACHINE THAT FILTERS THE TOXIC SUBSTANCES OUT OF THE BLOOD AND THEN RETURNS THE PURIFIED BLOOD TO THE PATIENT

A

Hemodialysis

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85
Q

NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE URINOMETER THAT HOLDS THE URINE SAMPLE

A

Urinometer cylinder

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86
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM WILL HAVE A LOWER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY.

A

DIABETES INSIPIDUS

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87
Q

NAME 2 COMPONENTS REMOVED DURING HEMODIALYSIS

A

WASTE (NITROGENOUS) PRODUCTS / DRUGS / POISONS AND WATER / IONS

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88
Q

WHAT CAN DIALYSIS BE USED TO TREAT?

A

Dialysis Treatments- Long term kidney failure/ before kidney transplant/ remove drugs and poisons

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89
Q

WHAT IS THE URINOMETER USED TO MEASURE?

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE / AMOUNT OF SOLUTES

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90
Q

NAME ONE CONDITION CAUSED BY KIDNEY FAILURE FOR WHICH DOCTORS RECOMMEND DIALYSIS.

A

UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY / PERICARDITIS / ACIDOSIS / HEART FAILURE

91
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE OUTCOMES OF A SUCCESSFUL DIALYSIS PROGRAM

A

ACCEPTABLE RBC COUNT/ NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE/ NO NERVE DAMAGE

92
Q

IN HEMODIALYSIS THE COMPOSITION OF THE DIALYSATE IS SIMILAR TO.

A

NORMAL BODY FLUIDS

93
Q

A HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM A URINE SAMPLE IS ABOVE .

A

1.030

94
Q

IN THE DIALYSATE DRAINS BY GRAVITY.

A

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

95
Q

NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE URINOMETER THAT MOVES HIGHER OR LOWER DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE URINE SAMPLE

A

Urinometer float

96
Q

THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL CAN VARY BETWEEN AND .

A

1.003 AND 1.030

97
Q

IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS A IS INSERTED IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL AND IS USED TO PUMP THROUGH THE DIALYSATE

A

CATHETER

98
Q

IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, THE , A MEMBRANE IN THE ABDOMEN, IS USED AS THE FILTER

A

Peritoneum

99
Q

A LOWER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM A URINE SAMPLE SHOULD BE BELOW .

A

Below 1.003

100
Q

FOR , DIALYSIS MAY BE BEGUN WHEN KIDNEY’S AREN’T REMOVING WASTE PRODUCTS ADEQUATELY OR WHEN A PATIENT CAN NO LONGER PERFORM NORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES

A

Chronic Kidney Failure

101
Q

HOW OFTEN IS DIALYSIS NORMALLY PERFORMED?

A

3 TIMES A WEEK

102
Q

MANY DOCTORS USE DIALYSIS PREVENTIVELY IN WHEN URINE OUTPUT IS LOW AND CONTINUE TILL KIDNEY FUNCTION IS RESTORED

A

Acute Kidney Failure

103
Q

A URINE SAMPLE OBTAINED FROM AN INDIVIDUAL SUFFERING FROM ALBUMINURIA WILL HAVE A ___ THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

HIGHER

104
Q

DURING___, CONTRACTION OF THE EJACULATORY DUCT PROPELS SPERM THROUGH THE PROSTATE TO THE PROSTATIC URETHRA

A

Ejaculation

105
Q

DEFINE: MENSES (DON’T NEED TO INCLUDE DATES IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WHEN THIS OCCURS)

A

Shedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus, with bleeding

106
Q

NAME ONE OF THE REGIONS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

Prostatic Urethra/ Membranous Urethra/ Spongy Urethra

107
Q

DEFINE: OOGONIA

A

STEM CELL THAT IS A PRECURSOR TO PRIMARY OOCYTE

108
Q

DEFINE: CIRCUMCISION

A

SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE FORESKIN

109
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF THE FEMALE?

A

Vulva

110
Q

DEFINE: SYNAPSIS

A

PAIRING OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

111
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY TRUE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF THE MALE

A

TESTIS

112
Q

DEFINE: MENARCHE

A

ONSET OF MENSTRUATION IN A WOMAN

113
Q

THE TERMINUS OF THE DUCTUS DEFERENS ENLARGES TO FOR THE REGION CALLED THE

A

Ampulla

114
Q

WHEN DOES SYNAPSIS OCCUR?

A

IN PROPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS 1

115
Q

LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF OOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY THE VIABLE CELLS. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

oogonium, primary oocytes, secondary oocyte, then ovum

116
Q

A FOLLICLE IS ENCASED BY ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF CELLS

A

Follicle/ Granulosa Cells

117
Q

DEFINE: CHIASMATA

A

POINT OF CROSSOVER IN A TETRAD DURING MEIOSIS

118
Q

WHICH DAYS IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE DO THE MENSES OCCUR?

A

days 1-5 of Menstrual cycle.

119
Q

NAME ONE OF THE LIGAMENTS THAT SUPPORT THE OVARIES

A

Ovarian Ligaments

120
Q

WHAT IS FOUND IN THE MIDPIECE OF THE SPERM?

A

MITOCHONDRIA

121
Q

EACH MAMMARY GLAND CONSISTS OF 15-25 WHICH RADIATE AROUND THE NIPPLE AND ARE SEPARATED BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE AND ADIPOSE TISSUES

A

Lobes

122
Q

DEFINE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

A

WIDESPREAD INFLAMMATION OF THE PELVIC VISCERA

123
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF INTERSTITIAL CELLS?

A

PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE

124
Q

GIVE THE DEFINITION OF VASECTOMY

A

cutting of the VAS Deferens

125
Q

THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS CALLED

A

Vesicular Follicle

126
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LACTIFEROUS SINUS?

A

Milk storage/ milk passageway

127
Q

DEFINE: ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

A

fertilized egg implants outside the uterus

128
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY REPRODUCTIVE PRODUCT OF THE TESTIS?

A

Sperm

129
Q

DEFINE: GAMETOGENESIS

A

PROCESS OF GAMETE FORMATION

130
Q

WHAT DOES n, HAPLOID COMPLIMENT REFER TO IN TERMS OF CHROMOSOME #?

A

23 Chromosomes

131
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF MITOSIS (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

132
Q

THE DUCTUS DEFERENS IS ENCLOSED ALONG WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES IN A CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH CALLED THE

A

Spermatic Cord

133
Q

DEFINE: TETRADS

A

GROUPING OF 4 CHROMATIDS IN EACH CHROMOSOME PAIR DURING MEIOSIS

134
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION THE LACTERIFEROUS DUCTS?

A

milk passageway

135
Q

WITHIN EACH LOBE OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS ARE SMALLER CHAMBERS CALLED

A

Lobules

136
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF SUSTENTACULAR CELLS?

A

NOURISH SPERM CELLS

137
Q

THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN SPERM, BEGINNING AT PUBERTY AND CONTINUING THROUGHTOUT LIFE IS CALLED

A

Spermatogenesis

138
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE STEM CELL THAT REPLICATES IT’S CHROMOSOMES BEFORE MEIOSIS I?

A

Mother Cell

139
Q

THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT THAT ANCHORS THE UTERINE TUBES IS CALLED THE

A

Mesosalpinx

140
Q

NAME TWO OF THE ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

PROSTATE GLAND/ SEMINAL VESICLE

141
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CELLS THAT ARE PRODUCED AFTER MEIOSIS I IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

A

Secondary Oocyte/ First Polar Body

142
Q

LOBULES CONTAIN GLANDULAR THAT PRODUCE MILK DURING LACTATION

A

Alveoli

143
Q

NAME THE TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SEMEN

A

COMPOSED OF SPERM AND SEMINAL FLUID

144
Q

IF FERTILIZATION DOES NOT OCCUR THE CORPUS LUTEUM WILL DEGENERATE INTO THE , SCAR TISSUE

A

Corpus Albicans

145
Q

BEFORE BIRTH A FEMALE HUMAN HAS HER LIFETIME SUPPLY OF OOGONIA REACH THE STEP OF OOGENESIS / GAMETE DEVELOPMENT (GIVE THE STATE / TYPE OF CELL AS YOUR ANSWER)

A

Primary Oocyte

146
Q

NAME THE DEEPER ENDOMETRIAL LAYER THAT FORMS A NEW FUNCTIONALIS LAYER AFTER MENSTRUATION ENDS

A

Basal Layer

147
Q

THE PRIMITIVE MALE STEM CELLS ARE CALLED

A

Spermatagonia

148
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES OF THE UTERINE/ MENSTRUAL CYCLE?

A

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory

149
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS?

A

produce milk to nourish newborn

150
Q

THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT THAT ANCHORS THE UTERUS IS CALLED THE

A

Mesometrium

151
Q

WHAT DOES 2n, DIPLOID COMPLIMENT REFER TO IN TERMS OF CHROMOSOME #?

A

23 Pairs of Chromosomes

152
Q

GIVE A CAUSE OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

A

GONORRHEA/ STD’s

153
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?

A

perpetuate the species

154
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM USED TO NAME INTERSTITIAL CELLS?

A

Leydig Cells

155
Q

AFTER MEIOSIS I, TETRADS HAVE DIVIDED INTO , WHICH ARE A PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES HELD TOGETHER AT CENTROMERES

A

Sister Chromatids

156
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CELLS THAT ARE PRODUCED AFTER MEIOSIS II IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

A

Ovum

157
Q

WHAT IS THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS I AND MITOSIS? (GIVE PHASE AND DESCRIBE HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME ARRANGEMENT)

A

During metaphase of Meiosis I, replicated homologous chromosomes line up next to each other. In metaphase of mitosis, replicated homologous chromosomes line up top and bottom

158
Q

THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE OVARY IS CALLED?

A

Germinal Epithelium

159
Q

THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE STROMA ADJACENT TO THE MATURE FOLLICLE FORMS A CAPSULE CALLED THE

A

Theca Folliculi

160
Q

AS THE FOLLICLE GROWS, ITS EPITHELIUM CHANGES FROM SQUAMOUS TO CUBOIDAL CELLS AND COMES TO BE CALLED A

A

Primary Follicle

161
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE FOUND IN THE VESTIBULE, WHICH IS BORDERED/ ENCLOSED BY THE LABIA MINORA?

A

Clitoris

162
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE EIGHT STAGES OF MEIOSIS. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

prophase1, metaphase1, anaphase1, telophase1, prophase 2, metaphase2, anaphase2, telophase 2

163
Q

OOGONIA BECOME ENCAPSULATED BY A SINGLE LAYER OF SQUAMOUS-LIKE FOLLICLE CELLS AND FORM THE OF THE OVARY

A

Primordial Follicles

164
Q

HYPERTROPHY (ENLARGEMENT) OF THE PROSTATE GLAND WILL RESULT IN WHAT CONDITION?

A

CONSTRICTION OF THE URETHRA/ Makes urinating difficult

165
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY AN UNFERTILIZED EGG FROM ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)

A

ovary to fimbriae, to fallopian tube, to uterus, to vagina, to vaginal orifice

166
Q

THE ENGORGING OF THE PENIS WITH BLOOD DURING AROUSAL IS CALLED AN

A

Erection

167
Q

LIST IN ORDER, THE STAGES OF SPERMATOGENESIS, FROM AN IMMATURE TO A MATURE STRUCTURE. (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

spermatogonium, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa.

168
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO OUTER VISIBLE STRUCTURES OF THE BREASTS

A

Areola/ Nipple

169
Q

DEFINE: MENOPAUSE

A

TERMINATION OF ALL OVULATION AND MENSTRUATION IN A WOMAN

170
Q

THE DIAMOND-SHAPED REGION BETWEEN THE LABIAL FOLDS ANTERIORLY, THE ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES LATERALLY AND THE ANUS POSTERIORLY IS CALLED THE

A

Perineum

171
Q

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF VASECTOMY

A

Makes a man sterile.

172
Q

WHAT FEMALE STRUCTURE IS HOMOLOGUS TO THE MALE PENIS?

A

Clitoris

173
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM USED TO NAME LUETINIZING HORMONE (LH)?

A

Interstitial Cell- Stimulating Hormone

174
Q

DEFINE: SPERMIOGENESIS

A

maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa.

175
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY TRUE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF THE FEMALE

A

Ovaries

176
Q

THE ___ CELLS NOURISH SPERM CELLS, FORM THE BLOOD-TESTES BARRIER, PHAGOCYTIZE EXCESS SPERMATID CYTOPLASM & SECRETE INHIBIN

A

Sustentacular Cells

177
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE ROUTE TRAVELED BY A SPERM FROM ITS SITE OF MANUFACTURE UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BODY (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE PATH)

A

testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, penile urethra, external urethral orifice.

178
Q

DEFINE: ERECTION

A

THE ENGORGEMENT OF THE PENIS WITH BLOOD THAT MAKES IT RIGID AND ENLARGED.

179
Q

WHAT IS GAMETE FORMATION IN THE HUMAN FEMALE CALLED?

A

Oogenesis

180
Q

THE SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF THE ENDOMETRIUM THAT SLOUGHS OFF ABOUT EVERY 28 DAYS IS CALLED THE

A

Functional Layer

181
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO LIGAMENTS THAT WHICH HELP ATTACH THE UTERUS TO THE BODY WALL

A

Round Ligaments

182
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE RADIATING CROWN OF GRANULOSA CELLS THAT SURROUND THE GROWING SECONDARY OOCYTE INSIDE OF THE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE?

A

Corona Radiata

183
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE UTERUS (UTERINE CYCLE)

A

endometrium continues to develop.

184
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF OOGENESIS

A

secondary oocyte only completes up to metaphase 2 of Meiosis.

185
Q

LIST THE PHASES AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 15-25 OF THE SECRETORY PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON- PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARY (OVARIAN CYCLE)

A

Corpus Luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone in the luteal phase.

186
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE UTERUS (UTERINE CYCLE)

A

Endometrium sheds off and Menstruation occurs

187
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN, FSH AND LH

A

Low estrogen levels causes FSH and LH to be produced causing follicle to enlarge

188
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 15-25 OF THE SECRETORY PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON- PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN, FSH and LH

A

elevated Estrogen levels inhibit FSH and LH production.

189
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 6- 12 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS OF ESTROGEN AND FSH

A

follicle produce Estrogen which inhibits FSH production

190
Q

LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 6- 12 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIES (OVARIAN CYCLE)

A

follicular phase, one follicle will begin to mature.

191
Q

LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE MENSTRUAL PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIES (OVARIAN CYCLE)

A

follicular phase.

192
Q

LIST THE PHASE AND MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 14 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE AND OOGENESIS

A

Ovulation occurs. Empty follicle becomes corpus luteum

193
Q

LIST THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING DAY 14 OF THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE IN A NON-PREGNANT WOMAN AT THE LEVEL OF HORMONAL SECRETION OF LH

A

LH surge cause mature follicle to release Secondary oocyte

194
Q

ONCE FERTILIZATION HAS OCCURRED, THE ZYGOTE BEGINS TO DIVIDE, FORMING A MASS OF SUCCESSIVELY SMALLER AND SMALLER CELLS CALLED

A

Blastomeres

195
Q

THE CELLS OF THE BLASTOCYST THAT WILL FORM THE EMBRYONIC BODY ARE CALLED

A

Inner Cell Mass (ICM)

196
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BLASTULA IN THE HUMAN?

A

Blastocyst

197
Q

THE PORTION OF THE UTERINE WALL BENEATH THE ICM, DESTINED TO TAKE PART IN PLACENTA FORMATION IS CALLED THE

A

Decidua Basalis

198
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE PRIMARY GERM CELL LAYERS

A

ENDODERM/ MESODERM/ ECTODERM

199
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE FIRST 4 STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT - UP TO IMPLANTATION (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Zygote, early cleavage, late cleavage, Blastocyst

200
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT THAT FOLLOWS THE BLASTULA?

A

Early Gastrula

201
Q

THE EMBRYO’S FIRST BLOOD CELLS ORIGINATE AND THE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS MIGRATE FROM THE ___ TO THE EMBRYO’S BODY TO SEED THE GONADAL TISSUE

A

Yolk Sac

202
Q

IN THE HUMANS THE ECTODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?

A

Epidermis of the skin/ nervous system

203
Q

THE SERIES OF MITOTIC DIVISIONS WITHOUT INTERVENING GROWTH PERIODS IS REFERRED TO AS

A

Cleavage

204
Q

NAME ONE OF THE TWO STRUCTURES THAT SURROUND THE OVULATED EGG/ OVUM

A

Corona Radiata

205
Q

LIST, IN SEQUENCE, THE STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING IMPLANTATION (LIST ONLY. DO NOT DESCRIBE STAGES)

A

Gastrula, Embryo, Fetus, Newborn.

206
Q

AFTER THE CLEAVAGE STAGES THE CELL MASS HOLLOWS OUT TO BECOME THE EMBRYONIC FORM CALLED THE

A

Blastula

207
Q

DEFINE: ZYGOTE

A

FERTILIZED OVUM WITH FUSED NUCLEI

208
Q

IN THE HUMANS THE ENDODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?

A

Forms the mucosa of the digestive and respiratory tracts

209
Q

IN HUMANS THE ALLANTOIS IS THE STRUCTURAL BASIS ON WHICH THE MESODERM MIGRATES TO FORM THE BODY STALK ALSO CALLED THE

A

Umbilical Cord

210
Q

GIVE ONE OF THE THREE BASIC ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ALL ANIMALS

A

CELLULAR SPECIALIZATION/ MORPHOGENESIS

211
Q

DEFINE: HUMAN ZYGOTE

A

FERTILIZED OVUM WITH FUSED NUCLEI

212
Q

AFTER THE NINTH WEEK OF DEVELOPMENT THE EMBRYO IS REFERRED TO AS THE

A

Fetus

213
Q

THE ENCASES THE YOUNG EMBRYONIC BODY IN A FLUID FILLED CHAMBER THAT PROTECTS THE EMBRYO AGAINST MECHANICAL TRAUMA AND TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND PREVENTS ADHESIONS DURING RAPID EMBRYONIC GROWTH

A

Amnion

214
Q

THE CELLS OF THE BLASTOCYST THAT WILL BECOME THE CHORION AND PLACENTA ARE CALLED THE

A

Trophoblast

215
Q

THE PART OF THE PLACENTA WHERE ALL EXCHANGES TO AND FROM THE EMBRYO/ FETUS IS CALLED THE

A

Chorionic Villi

216
Q

THE SOLID BALL OF 32 CELL CLEAVAGE STAGE OF THE EMBRYO IS CALLED

A

Morula

217
Q

IN THE HUMANS THE MESODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHAT STRUCTURES (NAME ONE)?

A

Skeleton

218
Q

THE PORTION OF THE UTERINE WALL SURROUNDING THE BLASTOCYST NEAR THE UTERINE LUMEN OR CAVITY IS CALLED THE

A

Decidua Capsularis

219
Q

THE INTERVILLOUS SPACES ARE FILLED WITH WHAT DURING LIFE?

A

Maternal blood

220
Q

THE COMPOSITE OF THE UTERINE LINING AND THE CHORIONIC VILLI IS CALLED THE

A

Placenta

221
Q

DEFINE: FERTILIZATION

A

the fusion of the oocyte and sperm

222
Q

IN HUMANS THE IS THE STRUCTURAL BASIS ON WHICH THE MESODERM MIGRATES TO FORM THE BODY STALK OR UMBILICAL CORD

A

Allantois

223
Q

THE FORMATION OF THREE DISTINCT CELL TYPES IN THE GASTRULA IS CALLED

A

Gastrulation

A&P Lab (5 decks)

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