A&P Quiz 3 Flashcards
THE GENERAL NAME FOR A PROTEIN BIOLOGICAL CATALYST IS KNOWN AS A(N)
Enzyme
THE GENERAL NAME FOR THE TARGET ON WHICH AN ENZYME ACTS IS CALLED ITS
Substrate
THE END PRODUCT OF PROTEIN DIGESTION IS
Amino Acids
GIVE ONE SUBSTRATE FOR A HYDROLYTIC ENZYME
Starch
WHEN ADDING IKI TO STARCH, WHAT COLOR RESULTS?
Blue/ Black
HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES ADD _______ TO ORGANIC FOOD MOLECULES CLEAVE MOLECULAR BONDS
Water
A SIMPLE SUGAR PRODUCT OF STARCH DIGESTION IS (NAME ONE)?
Glucose/ Fructose
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE FOR SALIVARY AMYLASE?
STARCH
THE IODINE (IKI) TEST IS USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF .
STARCH
NAME A SUBSTRATE FOR PEPSIN
PROTEIN
____ SOLUTION TESTS THE PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE OR MALTOSE
BENEDICT’S
WHAT IS THE OPTIMUM pH FOR LIPASE ACTIVITY?
pH 7.0
DEFINE: PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS
MOVEMENT OF FOOD THROUGH DIGESTIVE CANAL
WHY IS PEPSIN NOT ACTIVE IN THE MOUTH?
MOUTH DOES NOT HAVE THE RIGHT pH
IN WHAT ORGAN IS LIPASE MOST ACTIVE?
SMALL INTESTINE
DEFINE: HYDROLASES
hydrolytic enzymes that break down compounds by adding water to chemical bonds
THE GENERAL NAME FOR THE ENZYMES WHICH BREAK DOWN ORGANIC FOOD MOLECULES ARE CALLED ?
hydrolases
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF SALIVA
Softens or moistens food
WHEN ADDING BENEDICTS’ SOLUTION, AND BOILING, WHAT COLOR SHOWS THE PRESCENCE OF SUGAR
Green, Reddish/ Orange
WHAT IS ONE OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF SALIVA?
Mucin / Salivary Amylase
WHEN ADDING IKI TO DETECT STARCH, WHAT COLOR SHOWS A LACK OF STARCH
Orange
WHEN ADDING BENEDICTS’ SOLUTION, AND BOILING, WHAT COLOR SHOWS AN ABSENCE OF SUGAR?
Light Blue
DEFINE: PANCREATIN
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF THE PANCREAS
NAME ONE PRODUCT OF FAT DIGESTION IS
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF BOILING ON THE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN ENZYMES?
DENATURED ENZYMES AS EVIDENCED BY LACK OF HYDROLYSIS IN BOILED SAMPLES
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF BACTERIA ON CELLULOSE DIGESTION?
BACTERIA DIGESTS CELLULOSE
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AMYLASE ON CELLULOSE DIGESTION?
NO EFFECT
WHY IS LIPASE NOT ACTIVE IN THE STOMACH?
BECAUSE OF ACIDIC pH CONDITIONS
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BILE?
EMULSIFIES FATS
WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF AMYLASE ON GLUCOSE DIGESTION?
NO EFFECT
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE FOR TRYPSIN
Proteins
BENEDICT’S SOLUTION CONFIRMS THE PRESENCE OR LACK OF
SUGAR OR GLUCOSE
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ADDING IODINE (IKI) SOLUTION TO A MIXTURE OF AMYLASE AND WATER?
To show the absence of starch in the reaction
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF STARCH AND DISACCHARIDES BY EITHER SALIVARY AMYLASE OR PANCREATIC AMYLASE (NAME ONE)?
Disaccharides
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF SALIVARY AMYLASE AN PANCREATIC AMYLASE?
Starch and Disaccharides
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF SALIVAR AMYLASE TAKE PLACE
Mouth
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PANCREATIC AMYLASE TAKE PLACE
Small Intestine
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE REACTION OF STARCH OR DISACCHARIDES INTO OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR DISACCHARIDE
Salivary Amylase/ Pancreatic Amylase
WHERE IS SALIVARY AMYLASE PRODUCED?
Salivary Glands
WHERE IS PANCREATIC AMYLASE PRODUCED?
Pancreas
WHAT ARE THE SUBTRATES FOR THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DEXTRINASE AND GLUCOAMYLASE
Oligosaccharides and Disaccharides
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF OLIGOSACCHARIDE OR DISACCHARIDE DIGESTION (NAME ONE)
Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose
GALACTOSE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF WHAT DISACCHARIDE
Lactose
GLUCOSE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF WHAT DISACCHARIDE (NAME ONE)
Maltose/ Lactose/ Sucrose
FRUCTOSE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF WHAT DISACCHARIDE?
Sucrose
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME LACTASE?
Lactose
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME MALTASE?
Maltose
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME SUCRASE?
Sucrose
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF MALTASE TAKE PLACE?
Small Intestine
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF GLUCOAMYLASE TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF LACTASE TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF SUCRASE TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DEXTRINASE TAKE PLACE
Small intestine
WHERE IS THE ENZYME LACTASE PRODUCED?
Brush Border of Small intestine
WHERE IS THE ENZYME SUCRASE PRODUCED?
Brush Border of Small intestine
WHERE IS THE ENZYME GLUCOAMYLASE PRODUCED?
Brush Border of Small intestine
WHERE IS THE ENZYME MALTASE PRODUCED?
Brush Border of Small intestine
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DEXTRINASE PRODUCED?
Brush Border of Small intestine
WHERE IS THE ENZYME PEPSIN PRODUCED?
Stomach
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PEPSIN TAKE PLACE?
Stomach
WHAT ENZYME CATALYZES THE DIGESTION/ REACTION OF PROTEINS TO LARGE POLYPEPTIDE
Pepsin
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF PROTEIN DIGESTION BY PEPSIN?
Large Polypeptides
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE DIGESTION/ REACTION OF LARGE POLYPETIDES TO SMALL POLYPEPTIDES AND/ OR SMALL PEPTIDE
Trypsin, Chyotrypsin, Carboxytrypsin
WHERE IS THE ENZYME CHYMOTRYPSIN PRODUCED?
PANCREAS
WHERE IS THE ENZYME CARBOXYTRYPSIN PRODUCED?
PANCREAS
WHERE IS THE ENZYME TRYPSIN PRODUCED?
PANCREAS
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CHYOTRYPSIN TAKE PLACE
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CARBOXYTRYPSIN TAKE PLACE?
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE IS THE ENZYME AMINOPEPTIDASE PRODUCED?
BRUSH BORDER OF SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE IS THE ENZYME CARBOXYPEPTIDASE PRODUCED?
BRUSH BORDER OF SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DIPEPTIDASE PRODUCED?
BRUSH BORDER OF SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF AMINOPEPTIDASE TAKE PLACE?
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CARBOXYPEPTIDASE TAKE PLACE
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DIPEPTIDASE TAKE PLACE?
SMALL INTESTINE
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF LARGE POLYPEPTIDES?
Small Polypeptides
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THEDIGESTION/ REACTION OF SMALL POLYPEPTIDES AND/ OR SMALL PEPTIDES TO AMINO ACIDS AND/ OR DIPEPTIDES, TRIPEPTIDES
Aminopeptidase, Carboxypeptidase, Dipeptidase
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF SMALL PEPTIDES AND/ OR SMALL POLYPEPTIDE
Amino Acids
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF BILE SALTS?
Unemulsified Fats
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BILE SALTS?
EMULSIFIES FATS
WHAT CATALYZES THE REACTION/ DIGESTION OF EMULSIFIED FATS INTO MONOGLYCERIDES AND FATT ACIDS OR GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS
Pancreatic Lipase
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PANCREATIC LIPASE TAKE PLACE
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE IS THE ENZYME PANCREATIC LIPASE PRODUCED?
PANCREAS
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYMES PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE?
Nucleic Acids
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE TAKE PLACE
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE PRODUCED?
PANCREAS
WHERE IS THE ENZYME PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE PRODUCED?
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE PRODUCED?
PANCREAS
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF NUCLEOSIDASES TAKE PLACE?
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE ARE THE ENZYMES NUCLEOSIDASES PRODUCED?
BRUSH BORDER OF SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PHOSPHATASES TAKE PLACE
SMALL INTESTINE
WHERE ARE THE ENZYMES PHOSPHATASES PRODUCED?
BRUSH BORDER OF SMALL INTESTINE
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE REACTION/ DIGESTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS TO PENTOSE SUGARS, NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASES AND/ OR PHOSPAHTE IONS?
Deoxyribonuclease
NAME ONE PRODUCT OF NUCLEIC ACID DIGESTION
Nitrogen-containing bases
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYMES NUCLEOSIDAES AND PHOSOPHATASES?
Nucleic Acids
______ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE TONSIL
TONSILITIS
WHAT DOES A SPIROMETER MEASURE
Respiratory volumes
WHAT MAY CAUSE OTITIS MEDIA?
MIDDLE EAR INFECTION
THE ALVEOLAR SACS, ALVEOLAR DUCTS AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES ARE REFERRED TO COLLECTIVELY AS ______STRUCTURE
Respiratory zone
THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS FROM THE NASAL CAVITY TO THE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES ARE REFERRED TO COLLECTIVELY AS ______ STRUCTURES
Conducting zone
WHAT WAS MEASURED IN THE RESPIRATION LAB USING THE MEASURING TAPE
THORACIC CAVITY SIZE DURING INHALATION or EXHALATION
WHAT ENZYME CATALYZES THE FOLLOWING REACTION: H2O + CO2 ———–> H2CO3
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
THE EXCHANGE PHENOMENA (TO RESOLVE AN IONIC BALANCE) IN WHICH A NEGATIVELY CHARGED BIOCARBONATE ION LEAVING THE RBC IS REPLACED BY A NEGATIVELY CHARGED CHLORIDE ION ENTERIN THE RBC IS CALLED ______
Chloride Shift
OXYGEN USING CELLULAR PROCESSES ARE COLLECTIVELY REFERRED TO AS ______
Cellular Respiration
______ IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DECREASE IN THE ELASTICITY OF THE LUNGS
EMPHYSEMA
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF VESICULAR BREATHING SOUNDS?
RESPIRATORY SOUNDS RESULTING FROM AIR FILLING THE ALVEOLAR SAC
______ IS ABNORMAL WHISTLING SOUND HEARD IN THE LUNGS
WHEEZING
______ ARE RESPIRATORY SOUNDS THAT CAN BE HEARD WITH A STETHOSCOP
BRONCHIAL SOUNDS
THE INSTRUMENT CALLED A ______ IS USED TO MEASURE RESPIRATORY VOLUMES.
SPIROMETER
______ ARE ABNORMAL RASPING SOUND HEARD IN THE LUNGS
RALES
WHAT ARE THE 2 PHASES OF BREATHING
INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
HOW DOES TIDAL VOLUME CHANGE AFTER EXERCISE
TIDAL VOLUME WILL INCREASE
DEFINE: HYPERVENTILATION
FAST DEEP BREATHING
______IS A SMALL AREA OF THE BACK USED FOR LISTENING TO RESPIRATORY SOUNDS
TRIANGLE OF AUSCULTATION
THE INSTRUMENT CALLED A ______ IS USED TO LISTEN TO RESPIRATORY SOUNDS
STETHOSCOPE
______IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE CONTINUOUS BRANCHING OF THE PASSAGEWAYS IN THE LUNGS
RESPIRATORY TREE
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
Oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
NAME ONE OF THE FOUR DISTICT PROCESS THAT COMPRISE RESPIRATION
Pulmonary Ventilation
______IS THE TIDELIKE MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS SO THAT THE GASES IN THE ALVEOLI ARE CONTINUOUSLY CHANGED AND REFRESHED
Breathing
______IS THE GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE AIR-FILLED CHAMBERS OF THE LUNGS (OXYGEN LOADING/ CARBON DIOXIDE UNLOADING
External Respiration
TRANSPORT OF ______ BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND TISSUE CELLS OF THE BODY, IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM USING BLOOD
Respiratory Gases
______IS THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN SYSTEMIC BLOOD AND TISSUE CELLS (OXYGEN UNLOADING AND CARBON DIOXIDE LOADING
Internal Respiration
NAME ONE UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Nose
NAME ONE OF THE STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE NASAL CAVITY
INFERIOR, SUPERIOR, MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE
WHAT DIVIDES THE NASAL CAVITY INTO TWO PARTS
Nasal Septum
SURROUNDING THE NASAL CAVITY THE (NAMED FOR THE BONES IN WHICH THEY ARE LOCATED) ACT AS RESONANCE CHAMBERS IN SPEECH, AND THEIR MUCOSAE WARMS AND MOISTENS INCOMING AIR
Paranasal Sinuses
WHAT SEPARATES THE NASAL AND ORAL CAVITIES
Hard Palate/ Soft Palate
GIVE ONE CHARCTERISTIC OF A CLEFT PALATE
DIFFICULTY WITH MASTICATION/ SPEECH
THE FAILURE OF THE PALATINE PROCESSES OF THE MAXILLARY BONES AND/ OR THE PALATINE BONES TO FUSE MEDIALLY IS CALLED
Cleft palate
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM/ NAME FOR THE THROAT?
Pharynx
WHAT IS THE DIVIDING POINT BETWEEN THE NASAL CAVITY AND THE NASOPHARYNX CALLED
Posterior Nasal Apeture
THE SURROUND THE OPENINGS OF THE PHARYNGOTYMPANIC (AUDITORY) CANAL INTO THE NASOPHARYNX
Tubal tonsils
A MIDDLE EAR INFLAMMATION IS KNOWN AS
Otitis Media
THE OROPHARYNX IS A COMMON PASSAGE FOR WHAT?
Air and food
THE LARYNGOPHARYNX IS A COMMON PASSAGE FOR WHAT?
Air and food
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM/ NAME FOR THE VOICEBOX?
Larynx
WHICH CARTILAGE THAT COMPRISES THE LARYNX IS THE LARGEST AND FOUND ANTERIORLY
Thyroid Cartilage
WHAT STRUCTURE IS COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE “ADAM’S APPLE”?
Anterior Medial Laryngael Prominence of the Thyroid cartilage
WHAT STRUCTURE IS REFERRED TO AS THE “GUARDIAN OF THE AIRWAYS”
Epiglottis
WHEN IS THE COUGH REFLEX INOPERATIVE?
When a person is unconscious
THE _______ ATTACH THE VOCAL CORDS POSTEROLATERALLY TO THE ARYTENOID CARTILAGES
Vocal Ligaments
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM/ NAME FOR THE WINDPIPE?
Trachea
WHAT IS THE POINT/ LEVEL/ AREA AT WHICH THE TRACHEA DIVIDES INTO TWO MAIN OR PRIMARY BRONCHI?
Sternal Angle/ CARINA
THE AREA AT WHICH THE PRIMARY BRONCHI PLUNGE INTO THE LUNGS IS CALLED THE _______
Hilum
WHY ARE THE TRACHEAL CARTILAGES C-SHAPED?
ALLOWS ROOM FOR ESPOHAGAEL EXPANSION
WHAT SURROUNDS THE SMALL BRONCHIOLES OF THE LUNGS?
Smooth muscle
THE _________ ARE THE BRONCHIOLES WHICH EXTEND INTO ALVEOLAR DUCT
Respiratory Bronchioles
THE CONTINOUS BRANCHING OF THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE _________
Respiratory Tree
ALVEOLAR DUCTS TERMINATE IN ______
Alveolar sacs
THE ALVOLAR AND CAPILLARY WALLS ANS THEIR FUSED BASAL LAMINA FORM THE
Respiratory Membrane
THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE
Air-blood Barrier
BECAUSE THE CONDUCTING ZONE STRUCTURES HAVE NO GAS EXCHANGE FUNCTION, THEY ARE ALSO REFERRED TO AS __________
Anatomical Dead Space
THEY AREA IN WHICH THE LUNGS ARE FOUND IN THE THORAX IS CALLED THE _________
Mediastinum
EACH LUNG IS CONNECTED TO THE MEDIASTINUM BY A __________ CONTAINING ITS VASCULAR ABD BRONCHIAL ATTACHMENTS
Root
THE STRUCTURES OF THE ROOT ENTER OR LEAVE THE LUNG VIA A MEDIAL INDENTATION CALLED THE ___________
Hilum
THE NARROW SUPERIOR ASPECT OF THE LUNG IS CALLED THE ________
Apex
THE INFERIOR CONCAVE SURFACE OF THE LUNGS THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE DIAPHRAGM IS CALLED THE ___________
Base
THE ANTERIOR, LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR LUNG SURFACES IN CLOSE CONTACT WITH THE RIBS ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED _________
Costal Surface
THE MEDIAL SURFACE CONCAVITY OF THE LUNGS THAT ACCOMMODATES THE HEART
Cardiac Notch
INTO HOW MANY LOBES IS THE RIGHT LUNG DIVIDED?
RIGHT LUNG Lobes- 3 LOBES
INTO HOW MANY LOBES IS THE LEFT LUNG DIVIDED
LEFT LUNG Lobes- 2 LOBES
THE ________ IS A DOUBLE LAYERED SAC OF SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE LUNGS
Pleura
THE OUTER LAYER OF PLEURA IS CALLED THE _____ PLUERA
Parietal Pleura
THE CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE?
Causes thoracic cavity pressure to Decrease
THE CONTRACTION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE
Causes thoracic cavity pressure to Decrease
THE INNER LAYER OF PLEURA IS CALLED THE __________ PLUERA
Visceral Pleura
WHAT IS FOUND IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY
SEROUS FLUID
NAME ONE OF THE TWO PHASES OF PULMONARY VENTILATION / BREATHING
Inspiration/ Expiration
THE RELAXATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE?
CAUSES THORACIC PRESSURE TO INCREASE
THE RELAXATION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE
CAUSES THORACIC PRESSURE TO INCREASE
THE RELAXATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION
EXPIRATION
THE CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION
INSPIRATION
THE RELAXATION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION
EXPIRATION
THE CONTRACTION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION
INSPIRATION
SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED BY AIR RUSHING THROUGH THE LARGE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS (TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
Bronchial Sounds
SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED BY AIR FILLING THE ALVEOLAR SACS AND RESEMBLES THE SOUND OF A RUSTLING OR MUFFLED BREEZES
Vesicular Breathing Sounds
THE _______ IS USED TO AUSCULATATE THE BREATHING SOUNDS
Stethoscope
NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO LISTEN TO BREATHING SOUNDS THAT GOES INTO THE LISTENER’S EARS
Ear Pieces of the Stethescope
NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO LISTEN TO BREATHING SOUNDS THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PICKING UP THE SOUND (PART THA IS PUT ON THE CHEST)
Diaphragm of the Stethescope
______ IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DECREASE OF ELASTICITY OF THE LUNGS
EMPHYSEMA
GIVE A CHARACTERISTIC OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Expiration is physically exhausting
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RATE OF RESPIRATION (RESPIRATIONS/ MINUTE)
12-18 RESPIRATIONS/ MINUTE
EXTREME OVERINFLATION OF THE LUNGS IS KNOWN AS _______ REFLEX
Breuer Reflex
_______ IS AN APPARATUS THAT RECORDS VARAITIONS IN BREATHING PATTERN
Pneumograph
THE CARBONIC ACID-BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM MAINTAINS THE OF THE BLOOD
Acid Base Balance
GIVE THE EQUATION FOR UPLOADING OF CARBON DIOXIDE INTO AN RBC
H20 + CO2 (USING CARBONIC ANHYDRASE AS THE ENZYME) = H2CO3
GIVE THE EQUATION OF THE CARBONIC ACID- BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM TO LOWER PH IN HIGH (ACIDIC) PH BLOOD
H+ + HCO3- = H2CO3
GIVE THE EQUATION OF THE CARBONIC ACID- BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM TO RAISE PH IN LOW (BASIC) PH BLOOD
H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+
EXCESSIVELY SLOW OR SHALLOW BREATHING IS CALLED
Hypoventilation
DOES CARBONIC ACID IN THE BLOOD DECREASE OR INCREASE DURING HYPOVENTILATION
Hypoventilation- Increases
DOES CARBONIC ACID IN THE BLOOD DECREASE OR INCREASE DURING HYPERVENTILATION
Hyperventilation- Decreases
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUCOSA OF THE TRACHEA?
Contains goblet cells that secrete mucus which will trap dust, bacteria and debris
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY ABBREVIATED “IC”?
IC- Inspiratory Capacity
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY ABBREVIATED “EC”?
EC- Expiratory Capacity
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY ABBREVIATED “FRC”?
FRC- Functional Residual Capacity
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY ABBREVIATED “VC”?
VC- Vital Capacity
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY ABBREVIATED “TLC”?
TLC- Total Lung Capacity
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: IC = +
IC = TV + IRV
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: EC = +
EC = TV + ERV
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: FRC = +
FRC = ERV + RV
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: VC = + +
VC = IRV + TV + ERV
NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO CALIBRATE VOLUMES DURING THE RESPIRATION BIOPAC EXERCISE
Calibration syringe
NAME THE PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO FILTER MICROORGANISMS DURING THE RESPIRATION BIOPAC EXERCISE
bacterial filter
NAME THE PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED DURING THE RESPIRATION BIOPAC EXERCISE THAT THE SUBJECT PUTS IN THEIR MOUTH TO BREATHE THRU?
Mouthpiece
_______ IS THE SUM OF TWO OR MORE PRIMARY LUNG VOLUMES
PULMONARY CAPACITY
DEFINE: RESIDUAL VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS)
THE VOLUME OF GAS REMAINING IN THE LUNGS AT THE END OF A MAXIMAL EXPIRATION
DEFINE: EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS)
THE VOLUME OF AIR MAXIMALLY EXHALED AT THE END OF TIDAL EXPIRATION
IS A RECORD OF PULMONARY VOLUME CHANGES VS. TIME
SPIROGRAM
DEFINE TIDAL VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS
the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) O A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 600ml. AND AN INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF1,400ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
FIC - TV = IRV, IRV= 1400 - 600= 800 ml
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME FOR A PERSON WITH A FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY OF 2000 ml AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME OF1,000ml (ANSWER IN ml)
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME = ERV= FRC - RV= 2000 - 1000= 1000ml
CALCULATE THE FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY FOR A PERSON WITH AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 1000 ml. AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME OF 1,200ml. (ANSWER IN ml.)
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY = FRC=ERV+RV, 1000+1200= 2200ml.
WHAT IS THE VITAL CAPACITY (VC) OF A PERSON WIT A INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) OF2000ml, A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 500ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) OF 800ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
H VC= TV+ ERV +IRV , 500+800+2000= 3,300ml.
CALCULATE THE FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC) FOR A PERSON WITH AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) OF 900 ml. AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME (RV) OF 1,100ml. (ANSWER IN ml.)
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY = FRC=ERV+RV= 900+1100= 2000ml.
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY CAPACITY (EC) FOR A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF800 ml AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF1,100 ml (ANSWER IN ml)
EC= TV + ERV, 800 +1100= 1,900ml
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) O A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF400ml. AND AN INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF1,800ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
IC - TV = IRV, IRV= 1800 - 400= 1,400 ml
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY CAPACITY (EC) FOR A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF400 ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF700 ml. (ANSWER IN ml.)
EC= TV + ERV, 400 +700= 1,100ml
WHEN BREATHING NORMALLY, WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE VOLUME FOR TIDAL VOLUME (IN mL)
500 mL
DURING EXERCISE, WHAT IS THE VOLUME RANGE FOR TIDAL VOLUME (IN mL)
FROM 500mL up to 3000mL
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN FEMALES FOR INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IN mL)
1900mL
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME RANGE IN MALES FOR INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IN mL)
3000-3300mL
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN FEMALES FOR EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IN mL)
700mL
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME RANGE IN MALES FOR EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IN mL)
1000-1200mL
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN FEMALES FOR RESIDUAL VOLUME (IN mL)
1100mL
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN MALES FOR RESIDUAL VOLUME (IN mL)
1200-1300mL
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: TLC = + + +
TLC = IRV + TV + ERV +RV
_________ IS SLOW OR SHALLOW BREATHIN
HYPOVENTILATION
DEFINE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS)
the amount of air maximally inhaled at the end of a tidal inspiration
NAME TWO FACTORS THAT CAN BE USED FOR PREDICTING VITAL CAPACITY
AGE AND HEIGHT
WHY DOES THE VITAL CAPACITY VARY WITH A PERSON?S HEIGHT?
VITAL CAPACITY IS DEPENDENT ON SIZE OF THORACIC CAVITY WHICH CORRELATES TO A PERSON?S HEIGHT
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF A PERSON WITH A VITAL CAPACITY OF5000ml, A TIDAL VOLUME OF 500ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 900ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
VC- (TV+ER)= IR = 5000-(500+900)=3600ml.
CALCULATE THE FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC) FOR A PERSON WITH AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) OF 900 ml. AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME (RV) OF 1,100ml. (ANSWER IN ml.)
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY = FRC=ERV+RV= 900+1100= 2000ml.
WHAT IS THE VITAL CAPACITY (VC) OF A PERSON WIT A INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) OF2000ml, A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 500ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) OF 800ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
VC= TV+ ERV +IRV, VC =500+800+2000= 3,300ml.
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF600ml AND AN INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF3,100ml? (ANSWER IN ml)
IC= TV + IRV, (IC)= 600 + 3,100= 3,700 ml
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) FOR A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 600 ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY CAPACITY (EC) OF1,300 ml. (ANSWER IN ml.)
ERV= EC - TV, 1,300 -600= 700ml
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF500ml. AND AN INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF1,900ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
IC= TV + IRV, IC= 500 + 1,900= 2,400 ml
WHAT IS THE VITAL CAPACITY OF A PERSON WITH AN INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF3,300ml, A TIDAL VOLUME OF 500ml AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 1000ml? (ANSWER IN ml)?
VC = TV+ ERV +IR = 500 + 1000 + 3,300= 4800ml.
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF A PERSON WITH A VITAL CAPACITY OF4500ml, A TIDAL VOLUME OF 500ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 1000ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
VC- (TV+ER)= IR = 4500-(500+1000)= 3000ml.
A CONDITION WHERE THE SKIN BECOMES YELLOW, SUCH AS WHEN BILE CIRCULATES THROUGH THE BODY IS CALLED .
Jaundice
DEFINE: HEPATITIS
Inflammation of the liver
DEFINE: CIRRHOSIS
When the liver is damaged and becomes hard and fibrous
EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL DRINKING FOR MANY YEARS CAN CAUSE WHICH DISORDER OF THE LIVER
Cirrhosis
________ IS A CONDITION THAT RUSHES UNDIGESTED FOOD RESIDUE THROUGH THE LARGE INTESTINE BEFORE IT HAS HAD SUFFICIENT TIME TO ABSORB WATER.
Diarrhea / watery stools
________ OCCURRS WHEN FOOD RESIDUE REMAINS IN THE LARGE INTESTINE FOR EXTENDED PERIODS AND EXCESSIVE WATER IS ABSORBED AND THE STOOL BECOMES HARD AND DIFFICULT TO PAS
Constipation
DEFINE: APPENDICITIS
Inflammation of the appendix
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF APPENDICITIS?
Due to accumulation and multiplication and of bacteria
GIVE 2 FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
digestion / absorption / elimination
WHAT IS CHYME
A creamy mass of food leaving the stomach
WHAT IS DEGLUTITION?
Swallowing
_______ ARE LOCAL CONSTRICTIONS OF AN ORGAN WALL IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT THAT SERVE MAINLY TO MIX FOODSTUFFS WITH DIGESTIVE JUICES AND INCREASE THE RATE OF ABSORPTION
Segmental movements
THE TAKING IN OF FOODSTUFFS INTO THE BODY IS CALLED
Ingestion
WHAT DOES PHYSICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD CONSIST OF?
Chewing/ Churning
WHAT DOES CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD CONSIST OF?
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH FOOD UNDERGOES PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN INTO SMALLER DIFFUSIBLE MOLECULE
Digestion
THE PASSING THROUGH THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE LINING OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT AND DISTRIBUTION VIA THE BLOOD TO THE BODY’S CELLS OF THE END PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION IS KNOWN AS
Absorption
WHAT ANATOMICAL TERM IS USED SYNONYMOUSLY WITH ALIMENTARY CANAL
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
NAME TWO ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS OR STRUCTURES
Teeth/salivary glands/ gallbladder/ liver/ pancreas
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IN A CADAVER?
9 METERS
NAME ONE OF THE THE ALIMENTARY CANAL TUNICS
Mucosa/ Submucosa/ Muscularis Externa/ Serosa/ ADVENTITIA
THE INNERMOST TUNIC/ LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED THE
Mucosa
WHAT DOES THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CONSIST OF?
mesothelium and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Reduces friction of moving digestive system organs
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ADVENTITIA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Anchors and protects the surrounded organ
WHAT IS THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL COMPOSED OF?
moderately dense connective tissue containing blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
Nutrition and protection
WHAT DOES THE ADVENTITIA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CONSIST OF?
Coarse fibrous connective tissue
WHAT IS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA COMPOSED OF?
Bilayer of smooth muscle
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA LAYER IF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
Regulates GI movement
THE OUTERMOST COVERING OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED
Serosa/ ADVENTITIA
OUTSIDE THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY, THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED?
Adventitia
ANOTHER NAME FOR THE MUCOSA LAYER OF THE GI TRACT IS
Mucous Membrane
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCOSA LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL (GIVE ONLY ONE)
Absorption of digested foodstuffs/ protection from bacteria
NAME ONE OF THE PARTS THAT CONSTITUTE THE MUSCOSA LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
Epithelium/ Lamina Propria
________ IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UPON WHICH THE EPITHELIAL LAYER OF MUCOSA RESTS
Lamina Propria
THE TINY LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE FOUND IN THE MUCOSA LAYER IS CALLED?
Muscularis Mucosae
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS INNERVATION PLEXUS THAT CONTROLS THE SUBMUSCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CALLED
Submucosa Plexus
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS INNERVATION PLEXUS THAT CONTROLS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CALLED
Myenteric Plexus
WHAT IS THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ALSO KNOWN AS?
Visceral Peritoneum
NAME ONE STRUCTURE FOUND INSIDE THE ORAL CAVITY
Cheeks, tongue, teeth
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LIPS/ LABIA?
Protect the opening of the oral cavity
WHAT FORMS THE LATERAL WALLS OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
Cheeks
WHAT FORMS THE ROOF OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
Palate
NAME ONE STRUCTURE THE TONGUE IS ATTACHED TO
Hyoid, mandible, styloid process, pharynx
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SOFT PALATE?
Closes off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during swallowing
WHAT IS THE FINGER-LIKE PROJECTION OF THE SOFT PALATE THAT EXTENDS INFERIORLY AT THE POSTERIOR MARGIN OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Uvula
WHAT OCCUPIES THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
Tongue
NAME THE MUSCLE THAT SUPPORTS THE TONGUE
Mylohyoid Muscle
A MEMBRANE CALLED THE SECURES THE INFERIOR MIDLINE OF THE TONGUE TO THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Lingual Frenulum
THE SPACE BETWEEN THE LIPS AND CHEEKS AND THE TEETH IS CALLED THE
Vestibule
THE AREA THAT LIES WITHIN THE TEETH AND GUMS IS CALLED THE
Oral Cavity Proper
ON EACH END OF THE MOUTH AT IT’S POSTERIOR ARE FOUND MASSES OF LYMPHOID TISSUE CALLED THE
Palatine Tonsils
THE PALATINE TONSILS ARE FOUND IN A CONCAVE AREA BOUNDED ANTERIORLY AND POSTERIORLY BY WHAT MEMBRANES? (NAME ONLY ONE
Palatoglossal Arch/ Palatopharyngael Arch
A MASS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE, THE COVERS THE BASE OF THE TONGUE, POSTERIOR TO THE ORAL CAVITY PROPER
Lingual Tonsil
THE INFLAMING AND ENLARGMENT OF THE PALATINE TONSILS IS CALLED
Tonsillitis
GIVE ONE OF THE THREE REGIONS THE PHARYNX IS DIVIDED INTO
Nasopharynx/ Oropharynx/ Laryngopharynx
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR THE GULLET?
Esophagus
HOW LONG IS THE ESOPHAGUS IN HUMANS?
Esophagus Length- 25 cms
THE ________ IS A SLIGHT THICKENING OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYER AT THE ESOPHAGUS- STOMACH JUNCTION THAT CONTROLS FOOD PASSAGE INTO THE STOMACH
Gastroesophageal Sphincter
NAME ONE REGION OF THE STOMACH
Body/ Cardiac Region (Cardia)/ Fundus/ Pyloric Region
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?
Storage of food/ mechanical, chemical breakdown of food
NAME ONE PART OF THE PYLORIC REGION OF THE STOMACH
Pyloric Antrum/ Pyloric Canal/ Pylorus
WHAT STRUCTURE DIVIDES THE STOMACH FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE
Pyloric Valve
NAME THE CONCAVE LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURFACES OF THE STOMACH
Lesser Curvature/ Greater Cuvature
NAME ONE OF THE MESENTERIES THAT EXTEND FROM THE STOMACH
Lesser Omentum/ Greater Omentum/ Mesocolon
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE OBLIQUE LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE STOMACH?
Churns, mixes, propels food
WHAT DO THE GASTRIC GLANDS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE STOMACH PRODUCE?
Hydrochloric Acid/ Pepsinogen
THE INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN IS CALLED
Pepsinogen
THE PROTEIN DIGESTING ENZYME OF THE STOMACH IS CALLED
Pepsin
WHAT DO THE MUCOSAL GLANDS OF THE STOMACH PRODUCE?
VISCOUS MUCUS
WHAT DOES THE VISCOUS MUCUS PRODUCED BY THE MUCOSAL GLANDS OF THE STOMACH PREVENT?
prevents the stomach itself from being digested by the proteolytic enzymes
WHAT DO THE CHIEF (OR ZYMOGENIC) CELLS OF THE STOMACH MUCOSAL GLANDS PRODUCE/ SECRETE
Pepsinogen
WHAT DO THE PARIETAL CELLS OF THE STOMACH MUCOSAL GLANDS PRODUCE/ SECRETE
HCL
GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
digestion of foodstuffs/ absorption of foodstuffs
HOW LONG IS THE SMALL INTESTINE IN LIFE?
6 feet
HOW LONG IS THE SMALL INTESTINE IN A CADAVER?
20 feet
NAME ONE OF THE THREE PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Duodenum/ Jejunum/ Ileum
THE SMALL INTESTINE IS SUSPENDED FROM THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL BY THE FAN-SHAPED DOUBLE LAYER ODF PERITONEUM CALLED
Mesentry
WHERE DOES MOST DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE TAKE PLACE (A REGION)?
Duodenum
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE DUODENUM?
Duodenum Length- 10 INCHES
WHERE DOES MOST OF THE ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE TAKE PLACE (A REGION)
Jejunum
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE JEJUNUM?
Jejunum Length- 8 feet
WHERE DOES MOST OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE FUNCTION TAKE PLACE IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
Ileum
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE ILEUM?
Ileum Length- 12 FEET
WHERE DOES THE SMALL INTESTINE MEET THE LARGE INTESTINE (STRUCTURE NOT REGION)?
ileocecal Valve
________ ARE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES BOUND TO THE MICROVILLI OF THE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Brush Border Enzymes
WHAT DOES THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT SEND TO THE DUODENUM?
PANCREATIC ENZYMES
WHAT CANAL SENDS BILE INTO THE DUODENUM?
Bile Duct
THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT AND THE BILE DUCT JOIN TO FORM THE BULBLIKE
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
THE MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLAE, AN ORFICE THAT SENDS PANCREATIC AND LIVER PRODUCTS INTO THE DUODENUM IS CONTROLLED BY THE MUSCULAR VALVE CALLED THE
Hepatopancreatic Sphincter
________ ARE MINUTE PROJECTIONS OF THE SURFACE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL LINIGN CELLS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Microvilli
________ ARE FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS OF THE MUCOSAL TUNIC THAT GIVE IT A VELVETY APPEARANCE AND TEXTURE
Villi
________ ARE DEEP, PERMANT FOLDS OF THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA LAYERS THAT FORCE CHYME TO SPIRAL THROUGH THE INTESTINE, MIXING IT AND SLOWING IT’S PROGRES
Circular Folds
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VILLI, MICROVILLI AND CIRCULAR FOLDS?
increase surface area for enzymatic action
AGGREGATED LYMPHOID FOLLICLES OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ILEUM ARE CALLED?
Peyer’s Patches
NAME ONE OF THE DUODENAL LAYERS
Mucosa/ Submucosa/ Muscularis Externa/ Serosa
FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOA, THE DUODENAL GLANDS PRODUCE WHAT?
Mucus
THE ________ ARE INVAGINATED AREAS OF THE MUCOSA BETWEEN THE VILLI CONTAINING CELLS THAT PRODUCE INTESTINAL JUICE
Intestinal Crypts
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INTESTINAL JUICE PRODUCED BY THE INTESTINAL CRYPTS?
serves as a carrier fluid for absorption of nutrients from the chyme
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
water and electrolyte absorption
NAME ONE OF THE REGIONS/ SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Cecum/ Veriform Appendix/ Colon/ Rectum
WHAT IS THE PROXIMAL REGION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE, NEAREST TO THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?
Cecum
WHAT STRUCTURE HANGS FROM THE CECUM AND IS AN IDEAL LOCATION FOR BACTERIAL ACCUMULATION
Veriform Appendix
NAME ONE OF THE PARTS OF THE COLON
Ascending/ transverse/ descending/ sigmoid colon
THE ANAL CANAL TERMINATES IN THE OPENING CALLED THE
Anus
NAME THE CONVOLUTION WHERE THE ASCENDING COLON/ TRANSVERSE COLON MEET NEAR THE LIVER
Right Colic (Hepatic) Flexure
NAME THE CONVULUTION WHERE THE ASCENDING COLON/ TRANSVERSE COLON MEET NEAR THE SPLEEN
Left Colic (Splenic) Flexure
IN THE LARGE INTESTINE, THE LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER OF THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA IS REDUCED TO THREE LONGITUDIAL MUSCLE BANDS CALLED THE ___________
Teniae Coli
SMALL POCKETLIKE SACS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE WALLS ARE CALLED _________
Haustra
HANGING FROM THE COLON’S SURFACE ARE FAT FILLED POUCHES OF VISCERAL PERITONEUM CALLED
Epiploic Appendages
THE INITIAL SET OF TEETH CALLLED _______ NORMALLY APPEAR BETWEEN AGES 6 MONTHS AND 2 1/2 YEARS
Deciduous Teeth
AFTER 6 YEARS OLD THE _______ BEGIN TO GROW AND REPLACE DECIDOUS TEETH
Permanent Teeth
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INCISORS?
MASTICATION/ Shearing actionused in biting
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CANINES?
MASTICATION/ TEARING OF FOOD
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PREMOLARS?
MASTICATION/ GRINDING OF FOOD
DENTITION IS DESCRIBED BY MEANS OF A _____________ , WHICH DESIGNATES THE NUMBERS, TYPES AND POSITIONS OF THE TEETH ON ONE SIDE OF THE JAW
Dental Formula
HOW MANY DECIDOUS TEETH ARE FOUND IN HUMANS/CHILDREN?
of Decidous Teeth- 20
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF PERMANENT TEETH THAT MAY BE FOUND IN HUMANS/ ADULTS?
of Permanent Teeth- 32
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MOLARS?
MASTICATION/ Fine grinding of food
THE FINAL SET OF TEETH THAT MAY OR MAY NOT ERUPT ARE CALLED
Third Molars
NAME ONE OF THE TWO MAJOR REGIONS OF THE TOOTH
Crown/ Root
WHAT IS THE CROWN COVERD BY?
Enamel
THE PORTION OF THE TOOTH EMBEDDED IN THE ALVEOLAR PORTION OF THE JAW IS CALLED THE _____
Root
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE/ LAYER/ SUBSTANCE BETWEEN THE ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL CROWN CALLED?
Gingiva (Gums)
THE PORTION OF THE CROWN VISIBLE ABOVE THE GINGIVA/ GUMS IS CALLED THE
Clinical Crown
THE ENTIRE PORTION OF THE CROWN COVERED IN ENAMEL IS CALLED THE
Anatomical Crown
THE CREVICE BETWEEN THE END OF THE ANATOMICAL CROWN AND THE UPPER MARGIN OF THE GINGIVA IS REFERRED TO AS THE _____
Gingival Sulcus
THE APICAL BORDER OF THE GINGIVAL SULCUS IS CALLED THE _______
Gingival Margin
THE SLIGHT CONSTRICTION WHERE THE ROOT AND THE CROWN ARE CONNECTED IS CALLED THE __________
Neck
THE OUTERMOST SURFACE OF THE ROOT IS COVERED BY _________
Cementum
THE _________ HOLDS THE TEETH IN THE ALVEOLAR SOCKET AND EXERTS A CUSHIONING EFFECT
Periodontal Ligaments
__________ COMPRISES THE BULK OF THE TOOTH, IS A BONELIKE MATERIAL FOUND MEDIAL TO ENAMEL AND CEMUNTUM
Dentin
NAME THE CAVITY THAT OCCUPIES THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE TOOTH
Pulp Cavity
__________ ARE SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT RESIDE IN THE OUTER MARGINS OF THE PULP CAVITY AND PRODUCE DENTIN
Odontoblasts
_________ IS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT IS LIBERALLY SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND LYMPHATICS, OCCUPIES THE TOOTH CAVITY AND PROVIDES SENSATION, AND SUPPLIES THE NUTRIENTS TO THE TOOTH TISSUES
Pulp
THE PULP CAVITY EXTENDS TO THE DISTAL PORTIONS OF THE ROOT AND BECOMES THE
Root Canal
AN OPENING AT THE ROOT APEX, THE __________, PROVIDES A ROUTE OF ENTRY INTO THE TEETH FOR BLOOD VESSEL, NERVES, AND THE OTHER STRUCTURES FROM THE TISSUES BENEATH
Apical Foramen
NAME ONE OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
Submandibular Glands/ Sublingual Glands
WHAT DO THE SALIVARY GLANDS PRODUCE?
Saliva
THE _________ GLAND SALIVARY SECRETION IS MOSTLY SEROUS
Parotid Glands
THE _________ GLAND IS A MIXED GLAND THAT PRODUCES BOTH MUCIN AND SEROUS COMPONENTS OF SALIVA
Submandibular Glands
THE ___________ GLAND PRODUCES MOSTLY MUCIN
Sublingual Glands
SALIVA CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF ___________ (A VISCOUS GLYCOPROTEIN), WHICH MOISTENS THE FOOD AND HELPS BIND IT TOGETHER
Mucin
SALIVA TURNS FOOD THAT IS MASTICATED AND MOISTENED IN THE MOUTH INTO A MASS CALLED A
Bolus
__________ BEGINS THE DIGESTION OF STARCH (A LARGE POLYSACCARIDE) BREAKING IT DOWN INTO DISACCARIDES AND GLUCOSE IN THE ORAL CAVITY
Salivary Amylase
THE IS THE LARGEST GLAND IN THE BODY
Liver
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LIVER
Production of bile/ stores glucose as glycogen
THE LIVER IS SUSPENDED FROM THE DIAPHRAGM AND ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL BY THE
Falciform Ligament
BILE LEAVES THE LIVER THROUGH THE________ AND THEN ENTERS THE DUODENUM THROUGH THE BILE DUCT
Common Hepatic Duct
BILE LEAVES THE LIVER THROUGH THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT AND THEN ENTERS THE DUODENUM THROUGH THE
Bile Duct
WHAT GREEN SAC STORES BILE?
Gallbladder
WHEN DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY IS NOT OCCURING IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, BILES BACKS UP INTO THE _____ AND THEN ENTERS THE GALLBLADDER
Cystic Duct
THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT OR BILE DUCT MAY BE BLOCKED BY PREVENTING BILE FROM ENTERING THE SMALL INTESTINE
Gallstones
THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE LIVER ARE CALLED
Lobules
LOBULES ARE CLYNDRICAL STRUCTURES CONSISTIN OF CORDLIKE ARRAYS OF
Hepatocytes (Liver Cells)
WHAT DO HEPATOCYTES PRODUCE?
BILE
NAME ONE OF THE THREE BASIC STRUCTURES THAT MAKE UP THE PORTAL TRIAD (PORTAL TRACT)
Portal Arteriole/ Portal Venule/ Bile Duct
_______ IS A BRANCH OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY, THE FUNCTIONAL BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LIVER
Portal Arteriole
_______ IS A BRANCH OF THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN THAT CARRIES NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD FROM TH DIGESTIVE VISCERA
Portal Venule
BETWEEN THE LIVER CELLS ARE BLOOD FILLED SPACES, _______ THROUGH WHICH BLOOD FROM THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN AND HEPATIC ARTERY PERCOLATES
Sinusoids
WHAT ARE HEPATIC MACROPHAGES CALLLED
Kuffer Cells
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE KUFFER CELLS OF THE LIVER
Phagocytize bacteria and debris
THE SINUSOIDS OF THE LIVER EMPTY INTO A CENTRAL VEIN, AND THE BLOOD ULTIMATELY DRAINS FROM THE LIVER VIA THE
Hepatic Veins
BILE PRODUCED BY HEPATOCYTES FLOWS THROUGH TINY CANALS, THE ______ EVENTUALLY EXITING THE LIVER
Bile Canaliculi
WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS?
PRODUCES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREATIC JUICE PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS?
NEUTRALIZES THE ACIDIC CHYME THAT EXITS THE STOMACH
THE ______ PHASE OF DEGLUTITION IS VOLUNATRY, CONTROLLED AND INITIATED BY THE TONGUE
Buccal Phase
THE ______ PHASE OF DEGLUTITION IS INVOLUNTARY, VIA PERISTALTIC MOTION SWALLOWED CONTENTS ARE DELIVERED DOWN THE PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS TO THE STOMACH
Esophagael Phase
SLOW SEGMENTING MOVEMENTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE ARE CALLLED
Haustral Contractions
