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BIO 151 A&P II > Lab Quiz 2: Labs 4, 5, 6 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 2: Labs 4, 5, 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the arteries

A
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2
Q

Blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2)

  • Describe
  • What is used to measure it?
A
  • Amount of oxygen present in blood compared to the maximum amount of oxygen the blood could contain
  • Measured using a pulse oximeter
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3
Q

Blood pressure

  • Describe
  • Where is it commonly measured?
  • Normal range
A
  • Amount of pressure exerted by the blood as it pushes against blood vessel walls
  • Rises and falls as the heart contracts and relaxes
  • Commonly measured in the brachial artery
  • Normal range: 110-130 / 75-85 mm Hg
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4
Q
A
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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Identify the veins

A
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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Cardiac output formula

A

Stroke Volume (ml) * Heart Rate (beats/min) = Cardiac Output

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10
Q

Which artery is used to measure the carotid pulse rate?

A

Common carotid artery

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11
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

  • Describe
A
  • Hemoglobin that is not bound to oxygen
    • Less oxygenated blood appears dark red in color
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12
Q

Describe how the pulse is generated

A
  1. As blood is forced out of the left ventricle, it expands the elastic arteries
  2. Blood moves through the arterial system
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13
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

  • Describe
A

The pressure measured when the ventricles relax

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14
Q

Dubb sound

  • Describe
  • What creates the sound
A
  • Second sound of the heart beat (S2)
    • Sound is shorter and sharper than S1
    • Associated with the closure of the semilunar valves
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15
Q

What is used to listen (auscultate) for the S1 and S2 sounds?

A

Stethoscope

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16
Q

What SpO2 level is considered to be that of hypoxemia?

A
  • < 90% SpO2
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17
Q

Identify #1

A

Pericardium

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18
Q

Identify #1

A

Atrioventricular mitral valve

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19
Q

Identify #1

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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20
Q

Identify #1

A

P-wave

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21
Q

Identify #10

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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22
Q

Identify #10

A

Interventricular septum

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23
Q

Identify #10a

A

Right venticle

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24
Q

Identify #10b

A

Left ventricle

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25
Q

Identify #11

A

Apex of heart

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26
Q

Identify #11

A

Renal arteries (right & left)

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27
Q

Identify #12

A

Right atrium

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28
Q

Identify #12

A

Common iliac arteries (right & left)

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29
Q

Identify #12a

A

Right atrium

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30
Q

Identify #12b

A

Left atrium

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31
Q

Identify #13

A

Interventricular septum

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32
Q

Identify #13

A

External iliac arteries (right & left)

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33
Q

Identify #14

A

Apex of the heart

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34
Q

Identify #14

A

Internal iliac arteries (right & left)

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35
Q

Identify #14a

A

Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)

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36
Q

Identify #14b

A

Left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)

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37
Q

Identify #15

A

Femoral arteries (right & left)

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38
Q

Identify #15

A

Papillary muscle

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39
Q

Identify #16

A

Chordae tendinae

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40
Q

Identify #16a

A

Superior vena cava

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41
Q

Identify #16b

A

Inferior vena cava

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42
Q

Identify #17

A

Brachiocephalic veins (right & left)

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43
Q

Identify #17b

A

Semilunar valve (aortic)

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44
Q

Identify #18

A

Subclavian veins (right & left)

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45
Q

Identify #18

A

Subclavian veins (right & left)

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46
Q

Identify #19

A

Internal jugular veins (right & left)

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47
Q

Identify #1b

A

Abdominal aorta

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48
Q

Identify #2

A

Ascending aorta

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49
Q

Identify #2

A

Heart

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50
Q

Identify #2

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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51
Q

Identify #2

A

Papillary muscles

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52
Q

Identify #2

A

T-wave

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53
Q

Identify #20

A

External jugular veins (right & left)

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54
Q

Identify #21

A

Axillary veins (right & left)

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55
Q

Identify #22

A

Brachial veins (right & left)

56
Q

Identify #23

A

Renal veins (right & left)

57
Q

Identify #24

A

Common iliac veins (right & left)

58
Q

Identify #24

A

Common iliac veins (right & left)

59
Q

Identify #24

A

Common iliac veins (right & left)

60
Q

Identify #25

A

Internal iliac veins (right & left)

61
Q

Identify #25

A

Internal iliac veins (right & left)

62
Q

Identify #26

A

External iliac veins (right & left)

63
Q

Identify #26

A

External iliac veins (right & left)

64
Q

Identify #27

A

Femoral veins (right & left)

65
Q

Identify #3

A

Left common carotid a.

66
Q

Identify #3

A

Left auricle

67
Q

Identify #3

A

Q-T interval

68
Q

Identify #3a

A

Right common carotid artery

69
Q

Identify #3a

A

Aortic arch

70
Q

Identify #3b

A

Brachiocephalic artery

71
Q

Identify #3b

A

Left common arotid artery

72
Q

Identify #3c

A

Left common carotid artery

73
Q

Identify #3d

A

Left subclavian artery

74
Q

Identify #4

A

P-Q segment

75
Q

Identify #4

A

Pulmonary trunk

76
Q

Identify #4

A

Left brachiocephalic v.

77
Q

Identify #4

A

Chordae tendinae

78
Q

Identify #4a

A

Right subclavian artery

79
Q

Identify #4b

A

Left subclavian artery

80
Q

Identify #4b

A

Left subclavian artery

81
Q

Identify #5

A

Left atrium

82
Q

Identify #5

A

Axillary arteries (left & right)

83
Q

Identify #5

A

Left subclavian a.

84
Q

Identify #5a

A

Superior vena cava

85
Q

Identify #5a & 5b

A

Superior and inferior vena cavae

86
Q

Identify #6

A

Aortic arch

87
Q

Identify #6

A

Brachial arteries (left & right)

88
Q

Identify #6a

A

Right coronary artery

89
Q

Identify #6b

A

Left coronary artery

90
Q

Identify #7

A

Internal carotid arteries (right & left)

91
Q

Identify #8

A

Right & left pulmonary vein

92
Q

Identify #8

A

External carotid arteries (right & left)

93
Q

Identify #9

A

Celiac trunk

94
Q

Identify #9a

A

Right auricle

95
Q

Identify #9b

A

Left auricle

96
Q

Identify 1a

A

Aortic arch

97
Q

Identify #1b

A

Thoracic aorta

98
Q

Identify A

A

Finger sensor

99
Q

Identify K

A

Kidneys

100
Q

Identify the following

A
101
Q

Identify the parts of the heart

A
102
Q

Identify #12

A

Common iliac arteries (right & left)

103
Q

Korotkoff sounds

  • Describe
  • How are they detected?
A
  • Determines systolic and diastolic pressures
  • Detected using a sphygmomanometer
104
Q

Label the heart

A
105
Q

List the artery & vein layers

A
  1. Tunica intima/interna
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica adventitia/externa
106
Q

Lubb

A
  • First sound (S1)
  • Produced when the atrioventricular valves close
  • Louder and more prolonged than S2 sound
107
Q

Manual blood pressure procedure

A
  • Wrap the cuff around the subject’s arm, above the elbow
  • Inflatable portion of the cuff is on the anterior medial side of the arm
  • Clean the earpieces of the stethoscope with an alcohol swab before use
  • Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope along the medial elbow
  • Hold the rubber squeeze bulb so that the attached rubber tubing leads away from you. Turn the metal dial clockwise until it is completely closed
    • Pump the cuff up to about 150 mm Hg and listen carefully – you should not hear any sound at this point since the brachial artery is now closed, and there is no blood flowing through the blood vessel
  • Gradually release the pressure so that the needle on the pressure gauge descends very slowly
    • Listen very carefully for the first sound that you hear, and note the pressure at which this first sound occurs – this pressure corresponds to systolic blood pressure.
    • Continue to slowly release the pressure
    • Listen for the sounds to disappear
    • Note the pressure at which this occurs – this pressure corresponds to diastolic blood pressure.
108
Q

Name the test that examines the electrical activity of the heart through skin conductance

A

Electrocardiography

109
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A
  • Hemoglobin bound to four oxygen molecules
  • Well oxygenated blood appears bright red
110
Q

Parts of a stethoscope

A
  1. Earpieces
  2. Diaphragm

Note: When putting on the stethoscope, the earpieces should be angled in a forward direction

111
Q

Physiological splitting of the S2

A
  • During inspiration, S2 (dubb) sound splits into two separate sounds
    • Diaphragm muscle lowers, creating negative pressure in the chest to bring in air
    • Brings more venous blood back to the right atrium and right ventricle
    • Takes longer for the right ventricle to squeeze the extra blood into the pulmonary arteries, and it takes longer for the pulmonary valve to close
  • The closing of the pulmonary valve is slightly later than the aortic valve, and that’s called the physiologic splitting of the S2
112
Q

Pulse oximeter

A
  • Can detect both pulse rate and SpO__2
    • Projects two different wavelengths of light through the tissue
    • Sensor picks up color differences as well as color changes caused by varying amounts of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin
    • Color difference can be used to determine the % of oxygen saturated hemoglobin (SpO2) present in the blood
113
Q

Pulse pressure formula

A

Systolic BP (mmHg) – Diastolic BP (mmHg) = Pulse Pressure

114
Q

Which artery is used to measure the pulse rate?

A

Radial artery

115
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A
  • Usually called a blood pressure cuff
    • Most commonly used instrument to measure blood pressure
116
Q

Sphygmomanometer procedure

A
  1. Place cuff around the arm
  2. Inflate the pressure high enough to completely block blood flow through the brachial artery
  3. At this point, there are no sounds heard when listening with the stethoscope because there is no blood flowing through the artery
  4. As the pressure is gradually released and the blood vessel first opens, blood will spurt through the artery, even though it is still partially closed
  5. The turbulence created by the spurting blood causes the first Korotkoff sound heard
  6. The pressure at which the first sound is heard corresponds to systolic blood pressure
  7. As the pressure continues to decline, the sounds may become even louder because of greater blood turbulence, but eventually the sounds completely disappear as the artery fully opens, and the blood flows freely without turbulence
  8. The pressure at which the sounds first stop represents the diastolic blood pressure
117
Q

SpO2 ranges

A
  • Normal = 95% - 100%
    • < 92% indicates inadequate oxygen levels in the blood typically caused by illness and can indicate respiratory distress
    • < 90% is hypoxemia
  • Supplemental oxygen therapy may be prescribed < 92%
118
Q

Stroke volume formula

A

Pulse Pressure (mmHg) * 1.7 ml/mmHg ∙ beat = Stroke Volume

119
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

The pressure measured at the moment the ventricles contract

120
Q

Tunica adventitia/externa

  • Describe
  • Tissue type
A
  • Most superficial layer
  • Dense irregular CT with collagen fibers running in all directions for strength in many different directions (looks like squiggly lines)
121
Q

Tunica intima/interna

  • Describe
  • Tissue types
A
  • Innermost layer and lines the lumen of the blood vessels
  • Simple squamous epithelium (provides a smooth surface for the blood to “slide past”) and a thin layer of areolar CT (basement membrane) to “stick it to the Tunica media”
  • Continuous with the endocardium, makes-up the capillaries and is collectively referred to as the endothelium
122
Q

Tunica media

  • Describe
  • What is it responsible for?
  • Tissue types
A
  • Middle layer
  • Responsible for vasodialation and vasoconstriction of the blood vessels
  • Made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
123
Q

What causes the S1 sound?

A

It is caused by the atrioventricular valves closing at the beginning of systole

124
Q

What causes the S2 sound?

A
  • The aortic and pulmonary valves closing, at the beginning of diastole
125
Q

What does a pulse oximeter measure and what do the measurements mean?

A
  • Pulse/heart rate
    • The number of times the heart beats per minute
  • SpO2
    • Measures the amount of oxygen in your RBCs
      • The % saturation of hemoglobin in peripheral blood with oxygen as measured through the nail bed with a red light
    • Maximum value is 100%
126
Q

What is the avg pulse rate of an adult?

A

60-100 bpm

127
Q

What is this?

A

Pulse oximeter

128
Q

What procedure is shown here?

A

Pulse rate measurement

129
Q

What vessel is being used here?

A

Left brachial a.

130
Q

Where will you hear the mitral valve closing?

A
  • Where the mid clavicular line intersects with the 5th intercostal space
131
Q

Where will you hear the right aortic valve closing?

A

2nd intercostal space (2nd & 3rd ribs)

132
Q

Where will you hear the right pulmonary valve closing?

A

Left 2nd intercostal space at the left upper sternal border

133
Q

Where will you hear the tricuspid valve closing?

A

4th & 5th rib next to the left lower border of the sternum

134
Q

Which EKG wave / segment / interval indicates the depolarization of the atria?

A

P-wave

135
Q

Which EKG wave / segment / interval indicates the repolarization of the ventricles?

A

T-wave

136
Q

Which EKG wave / segment / interval is the time between the end of the p-wave and the beginning of the Q-wave?

A

P-Q segment

BIO 151 A&P II (8 decks)

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