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General Biology I E3 > Lab Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

(Prokaryotic) Enzyme

A

lower the activation energy of a reaction
- most are proteins with individual shapes determined by their unique amino acid sequence

enzyme

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2
Q

Activation Energy

A

The amount of energy needed to trigger a reaction.

enzyme

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3
Q

Active Site

A
  • region where the enzyme binds that determines the catalytic effect of the enzyme.
  • relative to the shape

enzyme

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4
Q

Cofactors

A

Aid in the binding process.

i.e. metallic ions (Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+), vitamins or other small molecules

enzyme

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5
Q

Coenzymes

A

Also aid in the binding process

i.e. metallic ions (Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+), vitamins or other small molecules

enzyme

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6
Q

Dye-coupled reactions

A
  • The process of adding a dye into a reaction in order to observe the reaction between two things of interest.
  • This technique is often used when using a spectrophotometer.

enzyme

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7
Q

Guaiacol

A

substrate

  • colorless ==> brown (when oxidized)
  • Used in the enzyme activity experiment, when oxidized it produces a brownish color.

enzyme

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8
Q

Derivative graph

A

The slope of the raw data and verses the derivatives of the lines at certain points on the graph.

enzyme

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9
Q

Denaturation

A

enzyme

When a protein loses its shape because of a change of external factors that differ from the native state.

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10
Q

Microplane Reader

A

enzyme

Detect differences between wells on a microtiter plate.

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11
Q

Spectrophotometry

A

enzyme

a method used to identify and quantify colored solutions based on their light absorbing properties

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12
Q

Karyokinesis

A

Mitosis

Nuclear division during mitosis.

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13
Q

Mitosis

A

mitosis

The process in which cells replicate and produce two identical daughter cells.

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14
Q

Cytokinesis

A

mitosis

Cytoplasmic divison, the last step in mitosis.

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15
Q

Chromosomes

A

mitosis

The carrier of genes found in the nucleus.

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16
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

mitosis

The duplicate parts of each chromosome.

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17
Q

Centrosomes

A

mitosis

Where the microtubule spindles meet. Spindles radiate from here.

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18
Q

Centromere

A

mitosis

Holds the sister chromatids together as part of the same chromosome.

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19
Q

Spindle

A

mitosis
Microtubules radiating from the centromere. Connect to sister chromatids at the kinetochore to pull them apart during mitosis.

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20
Q

Asters

A

mitosis

The “star-burst” structure made by the spindles and centrosome

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21
Q

Furrowing

Cleavage Furrow

A

mitosis

The indent or separation between the two daughter cells in the mitosis.

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22
Q

Cell Plate

A

mitosis

Found in plant cells, separates the daughter cells during the final stage of mitosis.

23
Q

Cell Cycle

A

mitosis

The cell cycle is the events that take place leading up to and during cellular division.

24
Q

Interphase

A

mitosis

the period of cellular growth prior to mitosis.

25
Q

Prophase

A

mitosis

The nuclear envelope disappears, spindle begins to form.

26
Q

Metaphase

A

mitosis

Spindle has arranged the chromosomes in the equator of the cell.

27
Q

Anaphase

A

mitosis

Sister chromatids begin to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

28
Q

Telophase

A

Mitosis

Chromosomes approach their individual poles, cleavage furrow begins to develop.

29
Q

Blastula

A

Mitosis

A hollow sphere of cells surrounding intracellular fluid.

30
Q

Fixative

A

mitosis

Used to preserve or stabilize specimens prior to microscopy.

31
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid
double helix
made up of
AT and GC pairs

32
Q

Double Helix

A

DNA

33
Q

A

A

DNA

Adenine

34
Q

G

A

DNA

Guanine

35
Q

T

A

DNA

Thymine

36
Q

C

A

DNA

Cytosine

37
Q

Proteins

A

the basis for almost all of your body’s structures and functions

DNA

38
Q

Gene

A

DNA

Section of DNA that contains the information to make protein.

39
Q

Genome

A

DNA

The collection of all of the information found in DNA.

40
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein manufacturers, within the cytoplasm

DNA

41
Q

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

A

Non-covalently bonded complex between the enzyme and substrate that only exists for a few microseconds.

enzyme

42
Q

Nucleotide

A

DNA

A unit containing a base, sugar and phosphate.

43
Q

Endocrine (signaling)

A

fish
Produces secretions distributed by blood stream.

a type of long-distance signaling, occurs when a cell releases a chemical messenger and its target cell is farther away in the body. For example the hormone estrogen is produced in the ovaries with its target in a tissue somewhere in the body.

44
Q

Paracrine (Signaling)

A

fish
Created by one cell, triggers cells around it.

is a type of local signaling that occurs when a target cell and the signal-releasing cell are in the same general proximity.

45
Q

Autocrine (Signaling)

A

fish
Created by cell, acts on the surface receptors of the same cell.

occurs when the signal-releasing cell is the same as the target cell (the cell works on itself).

46
Q

Peroxidase

A

the enzyme in study in the laboratory
- found in turnips
- H2O2 + RH2 ==> 2 water + R
R = guaniol

47
Q

Protease

A

degrades protein

purifies DNA

48
Q

Nicotine

A

Vasoconstrictor

  • a type of stimulant drug, is most commonly found in tobacco products, such as in cigarettes.
  • cause a build-up of plaque in the arteries, narrowing the arteries, and increasing blood flow
49
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

vasoconstriction

a type of nasal decongestant that also causes vasoconstriction due to dilated blood vessels

50
Q

Epinephrine

A

vasoconstriction

a common hormone naturally released from the body during a flight or fight response during cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis

51
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

vasodilator

can open up the arteries, or blood vessels, to improve blood flow to treat angina symptoms

52
Q

H2O2

hydrogen peroxide

A

substrate
will react with guaicol

enzyme

53
Q

Alcohol

A

precipitate DNA

i.e. ethanol/isopropanol

General Biology I E3 (6 decks)

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