lab practicum cumulative Flashcards by Jack Castaneda

what is this orginizum and what is the function of the indicated part

Anabeana, a genus of cyanobacteria.

fixes carbon

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give the shape and gram stain result

cocci

gram positive

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There is substantial evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are remnants of once free-living bacteria that came to live in intimate contact with archaea; this is part of a theory termed the ______________ theory.

endosymbiotic

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Which cellular structure is responsible for rejecting the Gram staining procedure, resulting in a Gram negative stain?

lipopolysaccharide coat

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name the organizum and its indicated parts

Amoeba

nucleous
pseudopodia
food vacuole

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Which antiseptic was most effective in killing off the bacteria on this petri dish?

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The purple iodine stain on these granules is a positive test for…?

starch

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Archaea include organisms that are mesophiles, but also organisms we would call extremophiles. Name one sub-category of extremeophile that you read about in the lab manual.

halophile

halophiles

thermophiles

methanogen

thermophile

methanogens

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What is the name of these locomotory structures that all members of the phylum possess?

paramecium cillia

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what is the organism shown lineage phylum what disease does this cause

Trypanosoma gambienese Lineage Excavata phylum Kinetoplastida

causes african sleeping sickness

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what is this organisim

Rotifer

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diagram A represents a gram negative bacterium

false

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what lineage and phylum is this organism

lineage excavata phylum parabasalida : trichonympha: ;oves in termites and help termites digest cellulos in wood

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what is the organism and what is the structure indicated

Phylum Actinopoda. lineage rhizaria

part indicated axopdia (long thin pseudopodia) gather food

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match the parts to the lables

A Peristome

B capsule Sporangium

C Seta of Sporophyte

D Gametophyte

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name the lineage

Excavata: Euglena viridis

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name the lineage

avelolata : ceratium

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name the lineage

Stamenopila

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name the form group with in phylum rhodophyta

microscopic filamentous

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name the form froup within the phylum Rhodophyta

filamentous branched

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name the form froup within the phylum Rhodophyta

encrusting coralline

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name the form froup within the phylum Rhodophyta

jointed coraline

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name the organism and lineage and name structures

Stramenopila: phylum Phaeophyta ( brown alge)

A Blade

B stipe

C Hold fast

not shown air blader Bubble

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name the structures and name the organism

Euglena

A flagellum

B eyespot

C vacuole

D Paramylon graanules

E chloroplast

F Nucleus

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Bryophytes are said to be poikilohydric; this implies that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

They have the capacity to tolerate dehydration to very low water content and to recover from it without permanent physiological damage.

this is the upper surface of a thallose liverwort these cup structures are

gemmae cups, containing multicellular gemmae inside produced by mitosis (for asexual reproduction)

what type of fertilization is represented

double fertilization

name the structures

Moss A sporophyte B gametophyte C Rhizoids D Capsule E Spores F Seta

name the structures

A Sorus B frond(leaf) C Fiddlehead D Rhizome

what is this

moss with sporophytes

name the organism and the parts

paramecium 1 Macronucleus 2 Vacuole 3 Oral groove 4 Micronucleus

there are no cell wall divisions between each nuclei how is this characterized

Coenocytic:

identify the organism

Rhizaria: Foram

identify the purple organism

trypansosoma

identidy the oprganism

Trichomonas

identify the organizm

plasmodium

identify the organism

Trhichonympha : excavata

life cycles Haploid

is the state of having one set of chromosomes (N) in human eggs and sperm are haploid in certain other organism such as mosses many other cells are haploid

life cycles Diploid

the state ofd having two sets of chromosomes (2N)

life cycle gametes

are haploid cells that can fuse at fertilization

name the life cycle

Diploid dominated life cycle (gamatic life cycle )

name the life cycle

haploid dominiated life cycle (Zygotic life cycle )

name the life cycle

sporic life cycle

name the organism and name the structures

Euglena Lineage Excavata

name the organism and the parts

Fern cross section through its Rhixome A external phloem B xylem C internal Pholem

name the organism

liverwort

name the organism

moss

name the organism

scouring roush

name the life cycle

liverwort life cycle

name the organism

leafy liverwort

name the organism and the parts

Leafy liverwort A Capsule (2N) B Seta (2N) C Leaf (N) D rhizoids (N) E Perianth (N) F Stem (N)

name the organism and its parts

Moss A capsule B peristome C Seta D Operculm E calyptra F leaf G Stem H Rhizoid I Sporophyte J Gametophyte

lable parts

A operculum B Calyptra C Peristome

name the organism and what are the pores used for

Marchantia polymorpha pores used for gas exchange

label all the structures

A mature sporophyte B archegoniophore C moss Sporophyte D moss Gametophyte E liverwort thallus

identify the slide

liverwort antheridia

what does this diagram represent

fertilization

name the male and female parts

Male antheridium female Archegonium

Name the parts

A anther B filament C stigma D Style E ovary F Sepal G stamen H Carpel I Petal

Name the parts

A stigma B style C sepal D anther E filament F petal

Collective sepals

Calyx

Collective petals

Corolla

Collective stamens

Androecium

Collective carpels

Gynoecium

name the ovary positions

A ovary superior B ovary inferior C ovaries in hypanthum

# Define Homology

Inherited ancestral organization

Define analogous

Similar adaptations in distantly related lineages

What is phylogenetic conservatism

The tendency for ancestral traits to remain static

what kind of pollinator pollinates these flowers

A Humming bird B bee C buterfly D Bat

what kind of life cycle is shown

angiosperm

what is this slide

pollen sac with polen

what is this slide

ovary with ovules

label the partas of this pinenut

outer A Gametophyte inner B Embryo

lable the structures on the pine needles

A pholem B xylem C Stomata D resin Duct

identify these

Pine pollen

is this organism isomorphic or heteromorphic

Isomorphic

are these gametes of this organism isomorphic or heteromorphic

Isomorphic

Name this cross section

Fucus Archegonia

this is a cross section of a root nodule whats inside

Bacteria

is the bacilli gram positive or negative

negative

what does the purple organism cause

malaria

what kind of organism lived within what are these shells made of

foraminifera calcium carbonate

Spirogyra conjugation of + and - Strains

trichonympha digest cellulose in termite guts

N ( archegoniophore) 2n ( seta)

Amoeba Pseudopodium

Rotifera Corona

Bacillum Gram +

Gingko biloba male sporangia or male cones

Cyanobacteria fixes nitrogen (heterocyst)

10A. 400x 10B. it should not be on 40x without a slide

11A. carpel or stigma 11B. anther or stamen

12A. nitrogen-fixing bacteria 12B. Bacteria

13A. Trichomonasis (Trichomonas vaginalis) 13B. Excavata

14A. Rhodophyta: Batrachospermum 14B. microscopic filamentous

15A. antheridium 15B. sperm

16A. Volvox 16B. it will become a new colony

17A. Dinoflagellata 17B. N

18A. petal or corolla 18B. sepal or calyx

19A. slime mould 19B. absorption following external digestion

20A. N 20B. 2N

21A. fern (Monilophyta) 21B. fixes atmopheric nitrogen; fertilizes rice paddies

22A. stoma 22B. water vaper

23A. anthers 23B. stigma

24A. Metasequoia conifer 24B. female

25A. indusium 25B. sporangia

sperm and egg have fused to for diploid \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Sporophyte

which group does this organism belong to ?

Land plant hepaticophyta archaeplastida

the coating of the parallel bands of protein across this organism is called ?

the pellicle

what are the locomotory structures for these organisms

cillia

what are the yellowish toothlike structures and what do they aid in

they constiture a peristome which aids in spore dispersal

what are the structures in this picture

sporangia filled with spores

name the group to which this organism belongs to

musci eukarya

name the clade that this plant belongs to

monilohyta

what does this slide show

male pinecone pollen

lilium ovary embryo sac

Lilium mature pollen in anther

Gonium

Chalmydomonas

pandorina

Dino flagellets

Vovolox

amoeba

Radiolaria strew

Foraminifera strew

Physarum

Achyla water mold

Paramecium caudatum

Termite flagellates trichonympha

trichonympha

marchanthia antheridia

marchanthia mature sporophyte

marchanthia archegonia

minum capsule

moss archegonia

Which of the following are(is) not (a) process(es) that result(s) in microevolution within a population? Isolation Ie lack of migration selection phentypic change in an individual (plasticity) Genetic Drift mutation

Isolation lack of migration phenotypic change in indicisual plasticity

Referring to the figure below, is the frog more closely related to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Human

Water flow is an important aspect of any sponge's life. The water flows in through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and out through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Ostia , Osculum

Check two boxes: Identify the organism, and the part that is colored brown.

Uterus Clonorchis

What is dominance to the microevolutionary process?

A rare dominant allele initially spreads faster than a rare recessive allele (for the same selection coefficient in each scenario).

The organism above contains stinging cells that allows it to catch prey and that also give the phylum its name. What are these cells called?

Cnidocytes

name the parts

A flagellum B food particles C Choanocyte D Amoebocyte E Collar

name the flagellated cells that line the sponge

Choanocytes

Species richness

the count of the number of differnt species in an area

the relative abundance of the differnt species in an area

species evenness

species diversity

a measurement that weights each species by its abundance, accumulated with greater numbers of species

What is/are function(s) of the structure indicated by the arrow?

feeding

What is/are proper way(s) to write the genus and species of people?

Homo sapiens Homo sapiens

# Fill in the blank. A(n)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an undirected change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism.

Mutation

What is this unique stinging cell called that is possessed by Cnidarians?

cnidocyte

The body plan of cnidarians is composed of two cell layers, the epidermis (from ectoderm) and the gastrodermis (from endoderm). Therefore, these simple animals are triploblastic and have well developed organ systems.

false

Which of the following are typically included in the causes of microevolution? Selection species richness drift extinction mutation

selection drift mutation

Cnidarians are composed of tissues, but the tissues are not organized into discrete organs; therefore they exhibit a tissue level of organization. However, some Cnidarians have become colonial, with zooids specializing in various functions. true of false

false

Sponges (Porifera) are said to have which level of organization?

tissue

What does cephalization mean?

the development of sense organs and nervous system control at the body's leading head.

Leeches use an anticoagulant called _________________ to prevent their host's blood from clotting.

hirudin

This is a polyp of an Anthozoan. Which organism gives it this internal color?

zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.)

The upside down Daphnia (water flea) has been ingested by the hydra. What is the name of the cavity the Daphnia is in?

coelenteron gastrovascular cavity gastrovascular

What is(are) the difference(s) between a polychaete and an oligochaete?

An oligochaete lacks parapodia

ephyras

Match the body cavity to the organism.

acelom

Match the body cavity to the organism.

coelom

Match the body cavity to the organism.

pseudocoelom

Name the body-cavity type that this organism exhibits.

acoelomate

What group uses this mode of reproduction?

What is the purpose of including a control group in experiments?

It increases our ability to attribute the results of experimental treatments to the cause we are manipulating as opposed to other effects of our protocol.

In triplobastic animals, the three cell layers of the gastrula are called the ______________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; list them from outer-most layer to inner-most (without the word "and"—just as three words).

ectoderm--- mesoderm----endoderm

This organism is a segmented worm; to which class does it belong?

Polychaeta

Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) are hermaphroditic selfers. They never (or almost never) mate with another individual. true or false

false

Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.

anthozoa

Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.

hydrozoa

Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.

scyphozoa

What are the sharp structures that make up this whole mount of Leucoselenia?

spicules

Choose the answer that properly identifies each body plan in order from A to C.

acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate

In nematodes, ecdysis means or is interpreted as

molting

This structure is specialized for ______________ and is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

feeding; hydranth

A polychaete is a pseudocoelomate. true or false

false they are coelomates

A nematode is a segmented worm. true or false

false

This is a Hydra whole mount. What is taking place on the left?

asexual production of a new polyp

Structure (A) is a muscular throat called a __________________ that this animal uses to grind up food.

mastax

Match the functions.

3 to hold as yet poorly digested food 4 to physically grind up food 6 to make sperm 7 to recive sperm 9 to pump blood

What is the external structure indicated by the arrow?

clitellum

What is the primary function of the typhlosole in an earthworm?

Increase surface area for absorption

Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?

so that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group to give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under "normal" circumstances

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the process allows the body of the gastropod to rotate 180 degrees so that the anus is near the anterior end of the organism.

torsion

What would it mean if C. elegans has a similar neurophysiological response to caffeine and alcohol as humans do?

that the neurophysiology those drugs affect has been conserved since the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes

What is a presumed homology that connects the mollusks to the annelids?

trochophore larvae

No living cephalopods have an external shell. true or false

false

What is the Greek/Latin derivation of the name gastropod?

stomach; foot

Identify the two classes shown

bivalvia cephalapoda

Squid and octopuses are in the Cephalopoda. What is the derivation of the name "Cephalopoda"?

head; foot

What is an umbo?

the oldest, raised part of a bivalve shell

To what phylum does this organism belong?

Rotifera

name the parts \ 3 4 6 7 9

3 crop 4 gizzard 6 seminal vesicles 7 seminal receptacel 9 hearts

A primary characteristic of the phylum of this organism is ...

segmentation; metameres or repeated segments that appear like "little rings"

This is a Lumbricus in cross section small intestine: Humans :: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Lumbricus

typhlosole

# Choose the main parts uniting the various groups of mollusks (like synapomorphies for the phylum, like to'ally).

Mantle visceral mass head

What is a radula?

not found in bivalves a raspy tongue

name the parts 1 2 3 8

1mantle 2 gill 3 adductor 8foot

Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?

To give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under "normal" circumstances So that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group

name this part

heart

Which are characteristics of this organism's class?

has a cuttlebone may eject ink when threatened

On a bivalve, how can you tell which end is anterior?

the end closest to the umbo

All these organisms (excluding the humans) belong to the phylum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Arthropoda

What is an easy way to tell the sex of a (mature) squid?

the presence or absence of the nidamental gland

Match the following parts of a scientific paper with what each would contain. Introduction Results Discussion method

Introduction: Hypotheses that you set out to test Results:Charts, graphs, and statistics describing your findings Discussion: Your explanation(s) for why you found what you did method: The protocols you used such that someone else could replicate your experiment

How many tagmata do organisms in the Arachnida have?

two

Select all that apply to squid "B" female has testes has a vas deferens male has a nidamental gland

female has nidamentale gland

Insects have ___ tagmata.

Match the characteristic to the correct phylum. cnidaria exoskeleton of chitin Annelida soft body muscular foot visceral mass Mollusca Metameres (segmentation) Arthopoda radial symmetry

cnidaria Radial Symetry Annelida metameres (segmentation) Mollusca soft body muscular foot visceral mass Arthopoda radial symmetry

The principal components of the insect exoskeleton are proteins and a type of carbohydrate called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Chitin

Can you see the stick insect? Many insects have evolved colors and patterns that allow them to blend into their environment, this form of protection is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

crypsis

What is this structure from a Giant Squid?

beak and busccal bulb

Why are replication and reasonably large sample sizes important in an experiment?

To increase the (potential) significance and reliability of the results (if there actually was a difference between treatments). To reduce the standard errors within experimental groups. To provide stronger evidence regarding the hypothesis you are testing.

Match each organism with its correct class.

bivalvia

Match each organism with its correct class.

cephalopoda

Match each organism with its correct class.

gastropoda

Match each organism with its correct class.

polyplacophora

Because the exoskeleton is rigid, arthropods must shed it periodically, to grow in a process known as molting, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

ecdysis

Why, in the guppy choice experiment, is it important that the tank be centered over the red line?

So we are accurately measuring which half of the tank the fish is in.

Here is the ventral view of a member of class Malacostraca. Is this specimen male or female?

female

Name the process occurring in the images above.

ecdysis

This organism's integument structure is made of modified __________ (modified compared to the condition in its close relatives)?

keratin hair

The phylum of all of these organisms is ____________________ [one word].

Echinodermata

Indicate for each structure below its developmental destiny (i.e. what becomes of it as an adult). Notochord of a mammal Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal Post-anal tail in a human dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark segments in a snake

Notochord of a mammal : disks between vertebrae Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal: eustachian tubes, the canals that regulates the pressure of the middle ears Post-anal tail in a human: Coccyx a short bony extension of the vertebrae colum dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark:central nervous system segments in a snake: muscles and bones associated with each rib and vetebra

Identify structure 2 (yes, all of those labeled 2, collectively)

book gills

Select the group(s) that does(do) not belong in the probably paraphyletic 'crustacea'.

scorpions

The grasshopper abdomen here shows valved openings called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which are part of the respiratory system.

spiracles

How come tunicates and lancelets are classified as chordates even though they have no backbone?

a notochord was present during their larval stage

Match each organism to its class.

Branchiopoda

=Match each organism to its class.

Copepoda

Match each organism to its class.

Cirripedia

Match each organism to its class.

malacostraca

During deuterostome development, the blastopore goes on to form which of the following?

Anus

Check synapomorphy(ies) that mark(s) the Chordata (and not some larger or smaller clade)?

post anal tail pharyngeal slits notchcord dorsal hollow nerve cord

What is the structure indicated by the arrow? These animals often orient so that water flows from left to right; given their shape, water flow pushes them down against the substrate rather than lifting them up, when they have this orientation.

telson

Which of the following clades are humans included in?

Mammalia vertebrata chordata

Sea stars feed by everting their stomach through their mouth subsequently digesting the food outside of their body before consumption.

true

These images represent a group of fungi that are endosymbiotic with plants. What is the phylum?

Glomeromycota

Place the correct kind of integument structure with each clade. Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Amphibia Lepidosauria Aves Mammalia

Chondrichthyes placoid scales Actinopterygii cycloid scales Amphibia none—just cells of skin Lepidosauria epidermal scales Aves feathers Mammalia hair

Which of the following are not members of the clade Amniota (the amniotes)? Amphibia Actinopterygii Mammalia Lepidosaurs Aves

Amphibia and actinopterygii

The fungus pictured belongs to the one fungal phylum (Chytridiomycota) that has flagellated cells in its life cycle. The character state should be considered primitive since flagella are also found in more distantly related organisms such as animals. Thus, other fungi presumably belong to one or a few lineages that have lost the flagellum.

true

Many Actionperygii use a _________________ [two words] for regulating buoyancy.

swim bladder

Lichens are constituted by a _________ relationship between a fungus and an alga.

symbiotic

This bird likes to sally for insects in the air. What's its common name?

black phoebe

This is a close-up view of a frog's skin. It is infected with a certain type of organism. Two sporangia containing numerous zoospores are visible. What is the phylum of the organism?

Chitridiomycota

Match the organism to its phylum.

ascomycota

Match the organism to its phylum.

basidiomycota

Match the organism to its phylum.

zygomycota

Match the organism to its phylum.

chitrydiomycota

Name the red structures.

basidiospores

Which of the following clades within the vertebrates have animals that undergo development within an amniotic egg?

aves lepidosaurs

Name the clade(s) to which this organism belongs.

deuterostoma chondrichthyes chordata

The class Condrichthyes has a skeleton composed of _________ instead of bone.

cartilage

A fungus cloaks the roots of a conifer, White Spruce (Picea glauca). What kind of relationship is this?

ectomycorrhizal

What organism(s) make up a typical lichen?

green alga ascomycota

Why do amphibians tend to be largely restricted to moist places?

thin skin makes them vulnerable to rapid water loss

Match each letter to its correct structure.

A sporangium B mycelium

Arthropods have a closed circulatory system.

false the have an ope system

is the non stippled ring a coelom?

no its outside the organism aroun the pharynx

label and name the organism

Planarian

label the parts

what is the strictire that rids a planaria of nitrogenous waste analogus to how our kidneys get urea out of our blood

flame cells

name the clade

porifera

name the clade

cnidaria

name the clade

Echinodermata

name the clade

lophotrochozoa\>Annelida

name the clade

lophotrochozoa\>mollusca

name the clade

lophotrochozoa\>platyhelminthes

name the clade

lophotrochozoa\>rotifera

name the clade

Ecdysozoa\>nematoda

what kind of development is this

protostome

name the organism

sponge

name the parts and organism

sponge

labe the parts and name the organism

hydra

label the parts

name the class

siphonophores\> hydrozoans

name the class

anthozoa\>coral

label parts and name the class

Class Anthozoa:

name the class

planarian

label parts and name the organism

Clonorchis class trematoda

name the type of organism

cestoda

in this anthozoan what cavity is behnd the pink arrow

coelenteron

identify the organism

hydra

what organism has this stage as part of its life cycle

aurelia

identify the organism

aurelia

identify the obelia medusa

name the kind of organism

trematode cercaria

name the type of organism

schistosoma

what is this

skeleton of a poriferan

identify the organism

trematode

name the class

hydrozoa

what is this

anthozoa

label the organism

label the structures

identify the organism

sponge

lable the strucure

what unique mode of reproduction is drawn here ?

stroblilization

lable the organism and name it

planarians

how does this sugesia taste?

with dense neurons in auricles

true or fals planarians are hermaphroditic

true

what system is colored in yellow?

gastrovascular

label parts

label the parts

name the type of organism

name the class

polycheate\> nereis

name the phylum

nematoda

identify the organism

hirudinea

name the tissue indicatedby the blue bracket from a cnidarian

gastrodermis

what type of body cavity forms in the embryo as a completely new space totally within mesodermal tissue

coelom

these colorful worms live in the ocean can you guess their group

polychaete

this organism causes pinworm infection mostly in children what group is it a member of

nematoda

label this cross section of ascaris

label the structure

labe the structures

label parts

name the structure

labial palp

are the siphons of bivalves and cephlopods homologous

no the former is mantle the later is foot

which is in the polyplacophora

WHICH IS A GASTROPODA

THIS BIVALVE HAS BEEN COOKED LABEL THE STRUCTURES

LABEL THE PARTS

A REPLICATE IS.....

AN INDEPENDENT INDICATOR OF INFORMATION

LABEL THE PARTS

IS THE CRAYFISH A PROTOSTOME OR DEUTEROSTOME

PROTOSTOME

LABEL THE PARTS

LABEL PARTS

NAME THE GROUP

MALACOSTRACA

NAME THE GROUP

CIRRIPEDIA

THIS FLY IS HARMLESS TO BIRDS THAT MIGHT EAT IT BUT IT LOOKS LIKE A BUMBLE BEE DESCRIBE ITS COLORATION

BASTESIAN MIMICRY

NAME THE GROUP

MALACOSTRACA

NAME THE GROUP

ECHINODERMS

NAME THE CLASS

OPHIUROIDEA

NAME THE GROUP

cephalochordata

label the parts

name the group

glomeromycota

name the group

zygomycota

what are the asexual propagules of ascomycota called

conidia

label the parts of this rhizopus