lab practicum 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following are(is) not (a) process(es) that result(s) in microevolution within a population?
Isolation Ie lack of migration
selection
phentypic change in an individual (plasticity)
Genetic Drift
mutation
A
Isolation lack of migration
phenotypic change in indicisual plasticity
2
Q
Referring to the figure below, is the frog more closely related to the _________.
A
Human
3
Q
Water flow is an important aspect of any sponge’s life. The water flows in through the ____________, and out through the ____________.
A
Ostia , Osculum
4
Q
Check two boxes: Identify the organism, and the part that is colored brown.
A
Uterus Clonorchis
5
Q
A
6
Q
The organism above contains stinging cells that allows it to catch prey and that also give the phylum its name. What are these cells called?
A
Cnidocytes
7
Q
name the parts
A
A flagellum
B food particles
C Choanocyte
D Amoebocyte
E Collar
8
Q
name the flagellated cells that line the sponge
A
Choanocytes
10
Q
What is dominance to the microevolutionary process?
A
A rare dominant allele initially spreads faster than a rare recessive allele (for the same selection coefficient in each scenario).
12
Q
What is/are function(s) of the structure indicated by the arrow?
A
feeding
15
Q
What is this unique stinging cell called that is possessed by Cnidarians?
A
cnidocyte
16
Q
The body plan of cnidarians is composed of two cell layers, the epidermis (from ectoderm) and the gastrodermis (from endoderm). Therefore, these simple animals are triploblastic and have well developed organ systems.
A
false
17
Q
Species richness
A
the count of the number of differnt species in an area
18
Q
the relative abundance of the differnt species in an area
A
species evenness
19
Q
species diversity
A
a measurement that weights each species by its abundance, accumulated with greater numbers of species
21
Q
What is/are proper way(s) to write the genus and species of people?
A
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
22
Q
This is a polyp of an Anthozoan. Which organism gives it this internal color?
A
zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.)
23
Q
The upside down Daphnia (water flea) has been ingested by the hydra. What is the name of the cavity the Daphnia is in?
A
coelenteron
gastrovascular cavity
gastrovascular
24
Q
Fill in the blank. A(n)_________ is an undirected change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism.
A
Mutation
25
Q
An oligochaete lacks parapodia
A
ephyras
26
Q
Match the body cavity to the organism.
A
acelom
27
Q
Match the body cavity to the organism.
A
coelom
28
Q
Match the body cavity to the organism.
A
pseudocoelom
29
Q
Name the body-cavity type that this organism exhibits.
A
acoelomate
30
What group uses this mode of reproduction?
33
This organism is a segmented worm; to which class does it belong?
Polychaeta
34
Which of the following are typically included in the causes of microevolution?
Selection
species richness
drift
extinction
mutation
selection
drift
mutation
35
Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.
anthozoa
36
Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.
hydrozoa
37
Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.
scyphozoa
38
Cnidarians are composed of tissues, but the tissues are not organized into discrete organs; therefore they exhibit a tissue level of organization. However, some Cnidarians have become colonial, with zooids specializing in various functions.
true of false
false
39
Choose the answer that properly identifies each body plan in order from A to C.
acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate
40
Sponges (Porifera) are said to have which level of organization?
tissue
41
This structure is specialized for ______________ and is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
feeding; hydranth
42
What does cephalization mean?
the development of sense organs and nervous system control at the body's leading head.
43
Leeches use an anticoagulant called _________________ to prevent their host's blood from clotting.
hirudin
44
This is a Hydra whole mount. What is taking place on the left?
asexual production of a new polyp
45
Structure (A) is a muscular throat called a __________________ that this animal uses to grind up food.
mastax
46
Match the functions.
3 to hold as yet poorly digested food
4 to physically grind up food
6 to make sperm
7 to recive sperm
9 to pump blood
47
What is the external structure indicated by the arrow?
clitellum
48
What is the primary function of the typhlosole in an earthworm?
Increase surface area for absorption
50
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the process allows the body of the gastropod to rotate 180 degrees so that the anus is near the anterior end of the organism.
torsion
52
What is(are) the difference(s) between a polychaete and an oligochaete?
An oligochaete lacks parapodia
55
Identify the two classes shown
bivalvia
cephalapoda
58
To what phylum does this organism belong?
Rotifera
59
name the parts \
3
4
6
7
9
3 crop
4 gizzard
6 seminal vesicles
7 seminal receptacel
9 hearts
60
A primary characteristic of the phylum of this organism is ...
segmentation; metameres or repeated segments that appear like "little rings"
63
What is the purpose of including a control group in experiments?
It increases our ability to attribute the results of experimental treatments to the cause we are manipulating as opposed to other effects of our protocol.
64
name the parts
1
2
3
8
1mantle
2 gill
3 adductor
8foot
65
In triplobastic animals, the three cell layers of the gastrula are called the ______________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; list them from outer-most layer to inner-most (without the word "and"—just as three words).
ectoderm--- mesoderm----endoderm
66
name this part
heart
67
Which are characteristics of this organism's class?
has a cuttlebone
may eject ink when threatened
69
All these organisms (excluding the humans) belong to the phylum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Arthropoda
70
Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) are hermaphroditic selfers. They never (or almost never) mate with another individual.
true or false
false
73
Select all that apply to squid "B"
female
has testes
has a vas deferens
male
has a nidamental gland
female
has nidamentale gland
75
What are the sharp structures that make up this whole mount of Leucoselenia?
spicules
77
Can you see the stick insect? Many insects have evolved colors and patterns that allow them to blend into their environment, this form of protection is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
crypsis
78
What is this structure from a Giant Squid?
beak and busccal bulb
79
In nematodes, ecdysis means or is interpreted as
molting
80
Match each organism with its correct class.
bivalvia
81
Match each organism with its correct class.
cephalopoda
82
Match each organism with its correct class.
gastropoda
83
Match each organism with its correct class.
polyplacophora
85
A polychaete is a pseudocoelomate.
true or false
false they are coelomates
86
Here is the ventral view of a member of class Malacostraca. Is this specimen male or female?
female
87
Name the process occurring in the images above.
ecdysis
88
This organism's integument structure is made of modified __________ (modified compared to the condition in its close relatives)?
keratin
hair
89
The phylum of all of these organisms is ____________________ [one word].
Echinodermata
90
A nematode is a segmented worm.
true or false
false
91
Identify structure 2 (yes, all of those labeled 2, collectively)
book gills
93
The grasshopper abdomen here shows valved openings called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which are part of the respiratory system.
spiracles
95
Match each organism to its class.
Branchiopoda
96
=Match each organism to its class.
Copepoda
97
Match each organism to its class.
Cirripedia
98
Match each organism to its class.
malacostraca
99
During deuterostome development, the blastopore goes on to form which of the following?
Anus
101
What is the structure indicated by the arrow? These animals often orient so that water flows from left to right; given their shape, water flow pushes them down against the substrate rather than lifting them up, when they have this orientation.
telson
104
These images represent a group of fungi that are endosymbiotic with plants. What is the phylum?
Glomeromycota
105
Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?
so that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group
to give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under "normal" circumstances
107
The fungus pictured belongs to the one fungal phylum (Chytridiomycota) that has flagellated cells in its life cycle. The character state should be considered primitive since flagella are also found in more distantly related organisms such as animals. Thus, other fungi presumably belong to one or a few lineages that have lost the flagellum.
true
108
What would it mean if C. elegans has a similar neurophysiological response to caffeine and alcohol as humans do?
that the neurophysiology those drugs affect has been conserved since the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes
109
What is a presumed homology that connects the mollusks to the annelids?
trochophore larvae
110
This bird likes to sally for insects in the air. What's its common name?
black phoebe
111
This is a close-up view of a frog's skin. It is infected with a certain type of organism. Two sporangia containing numerous zoospores are visible. What is the phylum of the organism?
Chitridiomycota
112
Match the organism to its phylum.
ascomycota
113
Match the organism to its phylum.
basidiomycota
114
Match the organism to its phylum.
zygomycota
115
Match the organism to its phylum.
chitrydiomycota
116
Name the red structures.
basidiospores
117
No living cephalopods have an external shell.
true or false
false
118
Name the clade(s) to which this organism belongs.
deuterostoma
chondrichthyes
chordata
119
What is the Greek/Latin derivation of the name gastropod?
stomach; foot
120
A fungus cloaks the roots of a conifer, White Spruce (Picea glauca). What kind of relationship is this?
ectomycorrhizal
122
Squid and octopuses are in the Cephalopoda. What is the derivation of the name "Cephalopoda"?
head; foot
123
Match each letter to its correct structure.
A sporangium
B mycelium
124
What is an umbo?
the oldest, raised part of a bivalve shell
125
is the non stippled ring a coelom?
no its outside the organism aroun the pharynx
126
label and name the organism
Planarian
127
label the parts
129
name the clade
porifera
130
name the clade
cnidaria
131
name the clade
Echinodermata
132
name the clade
lophotrochozoa\>Annelida
133
name the clade
lophotrochozoa\>mollusca
134
name the clade
lophotrochozoa\>platyhelminthes
135
name the clade
lophotrochozoa\>rotifera
136
name the clade
Ecdysozoa\>nematoda
137
what kind of development is this
protostome
138
name the organism
sponge
139
name the parts and organism
sponge
140
labe the parts and name the organism
hydra
141
label the parts
142
name the class
siphonophores\> hydrozoans
143
name the class
anthozoa\>coral
144
label parts and name the class
Class Anthozoa:
145
name the class
planarian
146
label parts and name the organism
Clonorchis class trematoda
147
name the type of organism
cestoda
148
in this anthozoan what cavity is behnd the pink arrow
coelenteron
149
identify the organism
hydra
150
what organism has this stage as part of its life cycle
aurelia
151
identify the organism
aurelia
152
identify the obelia medusa
153
name the kind of organism
trematode cercaria
154
name the type of organism
schistosoma
155
what is this
skeleton of a poriferan
156
identify the organism
trematode
157
name the class
hydrozoa
158
what is this
anthozoa
159
label the organism
160
label the structures
161
identify the organism
sponge
162
lable the strucure
163
what unique mode of reproduction is drawn here ?
stroblilization
164
lable the organism and name it
planarians
165
how does this sugesia taste?
with dense neurons in auricles
167
what system is colored in yellow?
gastrovascular
168
label parts
169
label parts
170
label the parts
171
label the parts
172
label the parts
173
name the type of organism
174
name the class
polycheate\> nereis
175
name the phylum
nematoda
176
identify the organism
hirudinea
177
name the tissue indicatedby the blue bracket from a cnidarian
gastrodermis
179
these colorful worms live in the ocean can you guess their group
polychaete
180
this organism causes pinworm infection mostly in children what group is it a member of
nematoda
181
label this cross section of ascaris
182
label the structure
183
labe the structures
184
label parts
185
name the structure
labial palp
186
This is a Lumbricus in cross section
small intestine: Humans :: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Lumbricus
typhlosole
187
which is in the polyplacophora
188
WHICH IS A GASTROPODA
189
THIS BIVALVE HAS BEEN COOKED LABEL THE STRUCTURES
190
LABEL THE PARTS
191
A REPLICATE IS.....
AN INDEPENDENT INDICATOR OF INFORMATION
192
LABEL THE PARTS
193
# Choose the main parts uniting the various groups of mollusks (like synapomorphies for the phylum, like to'ally).
Mantle
visceral mass
head
194
LABEL THE PARTS
195
LABEL THE PARTS
196
LABEL PARTS
197
NAME THE GROUP
MALACOSTRACA
198
NAME THE GROUP
CIRRIPEDIA
199
THIS FLY IS HARMLESS TO BIRDS THAT MIGHT EAT IT BUT IT LOOKS LIKE A BUMBLE BEE DESCRIBE ITS COLORATION
BASTESIAN MIMICRY
200
NAME THE GROUP
MALACOSTRACA
201
NAME THE GROUP
ECHINODERMS
202
NAME THE CLASS
OPHIUROIDEA
203
NAME THE GROUP
cephalochordata
204
label the parts
205
label the parts
206
name the group
glomeromycota
207
name the group
zygomycota
208
What is a radula?
not found in bivalves
a raspy tongue
209
label the parts of this rhizopus
211
Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?
To give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under "normal" circumstances
So that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group
214
On a bivalve, how can you tell which end is anterior?
the end closest to the umbo
216
What is an easy way to tell the sex of a (mature) squid?
the presence or absence of the nidamental gland
217
Match the following parts of a scientific paper with what each would contain.
Introduction
Results
Discussion
method
Introduction: Hypotheses that you set out to test
Results:Charts, graphs, and statistics describing your findings
Discussion: Your explanation(s) for why you found what you did
method: The protocols you used such that someone else could replicate your experiment
218
How many tagmata do organisms in the Arachnida have?
two
220
Insects have ___ tagmata.
3
221
Match the characteristic to the correct phylum.
cnidaria exoskeleton of chitin
Annelida soft body muscular foot visceral mass
Mollusca Metameres (segmentation)
Arthopoda radial symmetry
cnidaria Radial Symetry
Annelida metameres (segmentation)
Mollusca soft body muscular foot visceral mass
Arthopoda radial symmetry
222
The principal components of the insect exoskeleton are proteins and a type of carbohydrate called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Chitin
225
Why are replication and reasonably large sample sizes important in an experiment?
To increase the (potential) significance and reliability of the results (if there actually was a difference between treatments).
To reduce the standard errors within experimental groups.
To provide stronger evidence regarding the hypothesis you are testing.
230
Because the exoskeleton is rigid, arthropods must shed it periodically, to grow in a process known as molting, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
ecdysis
231
Why, in the guppy choice experiment, is it important that the tank be centered over the red line?
So we are accurately measuring which half of the tank the fish is in.
236
Indicate for each structure below its developmental destiny (i.e. what becomes of it as an adult).
Notochord of a mammal
Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal
Post-anal tail in a human
dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark
segments in a snake
Notochord of a mammal : disks between vertebrae
Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal: eustachian tubes, the canals that regulates the pressure of the middle ears
Post-anal tail in a human: Coccyx a short bony extension of the vertebrae colum
dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark:central nervous system
segments in a snake:
muscles and bones associated with each rib and vetebra
238
Select the group(s) that does(do) not belong in the probably paraphyletic 'crustacea'.
scorpions
240
How come tunicates and lancelets are classified as chordates even though they have no backbone?
a notochord was present during their larval stage
246
Check synapomorphy(ies) that mark(s) the Chordata (and not some larger or smaller clade)?
post anal tail
pharyngeal slits
notchcord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
248
Which of the following clades are humans included in?
Mammalia
vertebrata
chordata
249
Sea stars feed by everting their stomach through their mouth subsequently digesting the food outside of their body before consumption.
true
251
Place the correct kind of integument structure with each clade.
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Amphibia
Lepidosauria
Aves
Mammalia
Chondrichthyes
placoid scales
Actinopterygii
cycloid scales
Amphibia
none—just cells of skin
Lepidosauria
epidermal scales
Aves
feathers
Mammalia
hair
252
Which of the following are not members of the clade Amniota (the amniotes)?
Amphibia
Actinopterygii
Mammalia
Lepidosaurs
Aves
Amphibia and actinopterygii
254
Many Actionperygii use a _________________ [two words] for regulating buoyancy.
swim bladder
255
Lichens are constituted by a _________ relationship between a fungus and an alga.
symbiotic
263
Which of the following clades within the vertebrates have animals that undergo development within an amniotic egg?
aves
lepidosaurs
265
The class Condrichthyes has a skeleton composed of _________ instead of bone.
cartilage
267
What organism(s) make up a typical lichen?
green alga
ascomycota
268
Why do amphibians tend to be largely restricted to moist places?
thin skin makes them vulnerable to rapid water loss
270
Arthropods have a closed circulatory system.
false the have an ope system
274
what is the strictire that rids a planaria of nitrogenous waste analogus to how our kidneys get urea out of our blood
flame cells
312
true or fals planarians are hermaphroditic
true
324
what type of body cavity forms in the embryo as a completely new space totally within mesodermal tissue
coelom
332
are the siphons of bivalves and cephlopods homologous
no the former is mantle the later is foot
339
IS THE CRAYFISH A PROTOSTOME OR DEUTEROSTOME
PROTOSTOME
354
what are the asexual propagules of ascomycota called
conidia
356
