lab practicum 2 Flashcards
Which of the following are(is) not (a) process(es) that result(s) in microevolution within a population?
Isolation Ie lack of migration
selection
phentypic change in an individual (plasticity)
Genetic Drift
mutation
Isolation lack of migration
phenotypic change in indicisual plasticity
Referring to the figure below, is the frog more closely related to the _________.
Human
Water flow is an important aspect of any sponge’s life. The water flows in through the ____________, and out through the ____________.
Ostia , Osculum
Check two boxes: Identify the organism, and the part that is colored brown.
Uterus Clonorchis
The organism above contains stinging cells that allows it to catch prey and that also give the phylum its name. What are these cells called?
Cnidocytes
name the parts
A flagellum
B food particles
C Choanocyte
D Amoebocyte
E Collar
name the flagellated cells that line the sponge
Choanocytes
What is dominance to the microevolutionary process?
A rare dominant allele initially spreads faster than a rare recessive allele (for the same selection coefficient in each scenario).
What is/are function(s) of the structure indicated by the arrow?
feeding
What is this unique stinging cell called that is possessed by Cnidarians?
cnidocyte
The body plan of cnidarians is composed of two cell layers, the epidermis (from ectoderm) and the gastrodermis (from endoderm). Therefore, these simple animals are triploblastic and have well developed organ systems.
false
Species richness
the count of the number of differnt species in an area
the relative abundance of the differnt species in an area
species evenness
species diversity
a measurement that weights each species by its abundance, accumulated with greater numbers of species
What is/are proper way(s) to write the genus and species of people?
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
This is a polyp of an Anthozoan. Which organism gives it this internal color?
zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.)
The upside down Daphnia (water flea) has been ingested by the hydra. What is the name of the cavity the Daphnia is in?
coelenteron
gastrovascular cavity
gastrovascular
Fill in the blank. A(n)_________ is an undirected change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism.
Mutation
An oligochaete lacks parapodia
ephyras
Match the body cavity to the organism.
acelom
Match the body cavity to the organism.
coelom
Match the body cavity to the organism.
pseudocoelom
Name the body-cavity type that this organism exhibits.
acoelomate
What group uses this mode of reproduction?
This organism is a segmented worm; to which class does it belong?
Polychaeta
Which of the following are typically included in the causes of microevolution?
Selection
species richness
drift
extinction
mutation
selection
drift
mutation
Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.
anthozoa
Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.
hydrozoa
Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.
scyphozoa
Cnidarians are composed of tissues, but the tissues are not organized into discrete organs; therefore they exhibit a tissue level of organization. However, some Cnidarians have become colonial, with zooids specializing in various functions.
true of false
false
Choose the answer that properly identifies each body plan in order from A to C.
acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate
Sponges (Porifera) are said to have which level of organization?
tissue
This structure is specialized for ______________ and is called a _________________.
feeding; hydranth
What does cephalization mean?
the development of sense organs and nervous system control at the body’s leading head.
Leeches use an anticoagulant called _________________ to prevent their host’s blood from clotting.
hirudin
This is a Hydra whole mount. What is taking place on the left?
asexual production of a new polyp
Structure (A) is a muscular throat called a __________________ that this animal uses to grind up food.
mastax
Match the functions.
3 to hold as yet poorly digested food
4 to physically grind up food
6 to make sperm
7 to recive sperm
9 to pump blood
What is the external structure indicated by the arrow?
clitellum
What is the primary function of the typhlosole in an earthworm?
Increase surface area for absorption
___________ is the process allows the body of the gastropod to rotate 180 degrees so that the anus is near the anterior end of the organism.
torsion
What is(are) the difference(s) between a polychaete and an oligochaete?
An oligochaete lacks parapodia
Identify the two classes shown
bivalvia
cephalapoda
To what phylum does this organism belong?
Rotifera
name the parts \
3
4
6
7
9
3 crop
4 gizzard
6 seminal vesicles
7 seminal receptacel
9 hearts
A primary characteristic of the phylum of this organism is …
segmentation; metameres or repeated segments that appear like “little rings”
What is the purpose of including a control group in experiments?
It increases our ability to attribute the results of experimental treatments to the cause we are manipulating as opposed to other effects of our protocol.
name the parts
1
2
3
8
1mantle
2 gill
3 adductor
8foot
In triplobastic animals, the three cell layers of the gastrula are called the ______________ ____________ and ____________; list them from outer-most layer to inner-most (without the word “and”—just as three words).
ectoderm— mesoderm—-endoderm
name this part
heart
Which are characteristics of this organism’s class?
has a cuttlebone
may eject ink when threatened
All these organisms (excluding the humans) belong to the phylum __________________________.
Arthropoda
Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) are hermaphroditic selfers. They never (or almost never) mate with another individual.
true or false
false
Select all that apply to squid “B”
female
has testes
has a vas deferens
male
has a nidamental gland
female
has nidamentale gland
What are the sharp structures that make up this whole mount of Leucoselenia?
spicules
Can you see the stick insect? Many insects have evolved colors and patterns that allow them to blend into their environment, this form of protection is called _____________.
crypsis
What is this structure from a Giant Squid?
beak and busccal bulb
In nematodes, ecdysis means or is interpreted as
molting
Match each organism with its correct class.
bivalvia
Match each organism with its correct class.
cephalopoda
Match each organism with its correct class.
gastropoda
Match each organism with its correct class.
polyplacophora
A polychaete is a pseudocoelomate.
true or false
false they are coelomates
Here is the ventral view of a member of class Malacostraca. Is this specimen male or female?
female
Name the process occurring in the images above.
ecdysis
This organism’s integument structure is made of modified __________ (modified compared to the condition in its close relatives)?
keratin
hair
The phylum of all of these organisms is ____________________ [one word].
Echinodermata
A nematode is a segmented worm.
true or false
false
Identify structure 2 (yes, all of those labeled 2, collectively)
book gills
The grasshopper abdomen here shows valved openings called ________________, which are part of the respiratory system.
spiracles
Match each organism to its class.
Branchiopoda
=Match each organism to its class.
Copepoda
Match each organism to its class.
Cirripedia
Match each organism to its class.
malacostraca
During deuterostome development, the blastopore goes on to form which of the following?
Anus
What is the structure indicated by the arrow? These animals often orient so that water flows from left to right; given their shape, water flow pushes them down against the substrate rather than lifting them up, when they have this orientation.
telson
These images represent a group of fungi that are endosymbiotic with plants. What is the phylum?
Glomeromycota
Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?
so that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group
to give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under “normal” circumstances
The fungus pictured belongs to the one fungal phylum (Chytridiomycota) that has flagellated cells in its life cycle. The character state should be considered primitive since flagella are also found in more distantly related organisms such as animals. Thus, other fungi presumably belong to one or a few lineages that have lost the flagellum.
true
What would it mean if C. elegans has a similar neurophysiological response to caffeine and alcohol as humans do?
that the neurophysiology those drugs affect has been conserved since the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes
What is a presumed homology that connects the mollusks to the annelids?
trochophore larvae
This bird likes to sally for insects in the air. What’s its common name?
black phoebe
This is a close-up view of a frog’s skin. It is infected with a certain type of organism. Two sporangia containing numerous zoospores are visible. What is the phylum of the organism?
Chitridiomycota
Match the organism to its phylum.
ascomycota
Match the organism to its phylum.
basidiomycota
Match the organism to its phylum.
zygomycota
Match the organism to its phylum.
chitrydiomycota
Name the red structures.
basidiospores
No living cephalopods have an external shell.
true or false
false
Name the clade(s) to which this organism belongs.
deuterostoma
chondrichthyes
chordata
What is the Greek/Latin derivation of the name gastropod?
stomach; foot
A fungus cloaks the roots of a conifer, White Spruce (Picea glauca). What kind of relationship is this?
ectomycorrhizal
Squid and octopuses are in the Cephalopoda. What is the derivation of the name “Cephalopoda”?
head; foot
Match each letter to its correct structure.
A sporangium
B mycelium
What is an umbo?
the oldest, raised part of a bivalve shell
is the non stippled ring a coelom?
no its outside the organism aroun the pharynx
label and name the organism
Planarian
label the parts
name the clade
porifera
name the clade
cnidaria
name the clade
Echinodermata
name the clade
lophotrochozoa>Annelida
name the clade
lophotrochozoa>mollusca
name the clade
lophotrochozoa>platyhelminthes
name the clade
lophotrochozoa>rotifera
name the clade
Ecdysozoa>nematoda
what kind of development is this
protostome
name the organism
sponge
name the parts and organism
sponge
labe the parts and name the organism
hydra
label the parts
name the class
siphonophores> hydrozoans
name the class
anthozoa>coral
label parts and name the class
Class Anthozoa:
name the class
planarian
label parts and name the organism
Clonorchis class trematoda
name the type of organism
cestoda
in this anthozoan what cavity is behnd the pink arrow
coelenteron
identify the organism
hydra
what organism has this stage as part of its life cycle
aurelia
identify the organism
aurelia
identify the obelia medusa
name the kind of organism
trematode cercaria
name the type of organism
schistosoma
what is this
skeleton of a poriferan
identify the organism
trematode
name the class
hydrozoa
what is this
anthozoa
label the organism
label the structures
identify the organism
sponge
lable the strucure
what unique mode of reproduction is drawn here ?
stroblilization
lable the organism and name it
planarians
how does this sugesia taste?
with dense neurons in auricles
what system is colored in yellow?
gastrovascular
label parts
label parts
label the parts
label the parts
label the parts
name the type of organism
name the class
polycheate> nereis
name the phylum
nematoda
identify the organism
hirudinea
name the tissue indicatedby the blue bracket from a cnidarian
gastrodermis
these colorful worms live in the ocean can you guess their group
polychaete
this organism causes pinworm infection mostly in children what group is it a member of
nematoda
label this cross section of ascaris
label the structure
labe the structures
label parts
name the structure
labial palp
This is a Lumbricus in cross section
small intestine: Humans :: __________: Lumbricus
typhlosole
which is in the polyplacophora
WHICH IS A GASTROPODA
THIS BIVALVE HAS BEEN COOKED LABEL THE STRUCTURES
LABEL THE PARTS
A REPLICATE IS…..
AN INDEPENDENT INDICATOR OF INFORMATION
LABEL THE PARTS
Choose the main parts uniting the various groups of mollusks (like synapomorphies for the phylum, like to’ally).
Mantle
visceral mass
head
LABEL THE PARTS
LABEL THE PARTS
LABEL PARTS
NAME THE GROUP
MALACOSTRACA
NAME THE GROUP
CIRRIPEDIA
THIS FLY IS HARMLESS TO BIRDS THAT MIGHT EAT IT BUT IT LOOKS LIKE A BUMBLE BEE DESCRIBE ITS COLORATION
BASTESIAN MIMICRY
NAME THE GROUP
MALACOSTRACA
NAME THE GROUP
ECHINODERMS
NAME THE CLASS
OPHIUROIDEA
NAME THE GROUP
cephalochordata
label the parts
label the parts
name the group
glomeromycota
name the group
zygomycota
What is a radula?
not found in bivalves
a raspy tongue
label the parts of this rhizopus
Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?
To give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under “normal” circumstances
So that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group
On a bivalve, how can you tell which end is anterior?
the end closest to the umbo
What is an easy way to tell the sex of a (mature) squid?
the presence or absence of the nidamental gland
Match the following parts of a scientific paper with what each would contain.
Introduction
Results
Discussion
method
Introduction: Hypotheses that you set out to test
Results:Charts, graphs, and statistics describing your findings
Discussion: Your explanation(s) for why you found what you did
method: The protocols you used such that someone else could replicate your experiment
How many tagmata do organisms in the Arachnida have?
two
Insects have ___ tagmata.
3
Match the characteristic to the correct phylum.
cnidaria exoskeleton of chitin
Annelida soft body muscular foot visceral mass
Mollusca Metameres (segmentation)
Arthopoda radial symmetry
cnidaria Radial Symetry
Annelida metameres (segmentation)
Mollusca soft body muscular foot visceral mass
Arthopoda radial symmetry
The principal components of the insect exoskeleton are proteins and a type of carbohydrate called _________.
Chitin
Why are replication and reasonably large sample sizes important in an experiment?
To increase the (potential) significance and reliability of the results (if there actually was a difference between treatments).
To reduce the standard errors within experimental groups.
To provide stronger evidence regarding the hypothesis you are testing.
Because the exoskeleton is rigid, arthropods must shed it periodically, to grow in a process known as molting, or __________.
ecdysis
Why, in the guppy choice experiment, is it important that the tank be centered over the red line?
So we are accurately measuring which half of the tank the fish is in.
Indicate for each structure below its developmental destiny (i.e. what becomes of it as an adult).
Notochord of a mammal
Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal
Post-anal tail in a human
dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark
segments in a snake
Notochord of a mammal : disks between vertebrae
Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal: eustachian tubes, the canals that regulates the pressure of the middle ears
Post-anal tail in a human: Coccyx a short bony extension of the vertebrae colum
dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark:central nervous system
segments in a snake:
muscles and bones associated with each rib and vetebra
Select the group(s) that does(do) not belong in the probably paraphyletic ‘crustacea’.
scorpions
How come tunicates and lancelets are classified as chordates even though they have no backbone?
a notochord was present during their larval stage
Check synapomorphy(ies) that mark(s) the Chordata (and not some larger or smaller clade)?
post anal tail
pharyngeal slits
notchcord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
Which of the following clades are humans included in?
Mammalia
vertebrata
chordata
Sea stars feed by everting their stomach through their mouth subsequently digesting the food outside of their body before consumption.
true
Place the correct kind of integument structure with each clade.
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Amphibia
Lepidosauria
Aves
Mammalia
Chondrichthyes
placoid scales
Actinopterygii
cycloid scales
Amphibia
none—just cells of skin
Lepidosauria
epidermal scales
Aves
feathers
Mammalia
hair
Which of the following are not members of the clade Amniota (the amniotes)?
Amphibia
Actinopterygii
Mammalia
Lepidosaurs
Aves
Amphibia and actinopterygii
Many Actionperygii use a _________________ [two words] for regulating buoyancy.
swim bladder
Lichens are constituted by a _________ relationship between a fungus and an alga.
symbiotic
Which of the following clades within the vertebrates have animals that undergo development within an amniotic egg?
aves
lepidosaurs
The class Condrichthyes has a skeleton composed of _________ instead of bone.
cartilage
What organism(s) make up a typical lichen?
green alga
ascomycota
Why do amphibians tend to be largely restricted to moist places?
thin skin makes them vulnerable to rapid water loss
Arthropods have a closed circulatory system.
false the have an ope system
what is the strictire that rids a planaria of nitrogenous waste analogus to how our kidneys get urea out of our blood
flame cells
true or fals planarians are hermaphroditic
true
what type of body cavity forms in the embryo as a completely new space totally within mesodermal tissue
coelom
are the siphons of bivalves and cephlopods homologous
no the former is mantle the later is foot
IS THE CRAYFISH A PROTOSTOME OR DEUTEROSTOME
PROTOSTOME
what are the asexual propagules of ascomycota called
conidia
