lab practicum 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following are(is) not (a) process(es) that result(s) in microevolution within a population?

Isolation Ie lack of migration

selection

phentypic change in an individual (plasticity)

Genetic Drift

mutation

A

Isolation lack of migration

phenotypic change in indicisual plasticity

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2
Q

Referring to the figure below, is the frog more closely related to the _________.

A

Human

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3
Q

Water flow is an important aspect of any sponge’s life. The water flows in through the ____________, and out through the ____________.

A

Ostia , Osculum

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4
Q

Check two boxes: Identify the organism, and the part that is colored brown.

A

Uterus Clonorchis

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

The organism above contains stinging cells that allows it to catch prey and that also give the phylum its name. What are these cells called?

A

Cnidocytes

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7
Q

name the parts

A

A flagellum

B food particles

C Choanocyte

D Amoebocyte

E Collar

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8
Q

name the flagellated cells that line the sponge

A

Choanocytes

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10
Q

What is dominance to the microevolutionary process?

A

A rare dominant allele initially spreads faster than a rare recessive allele (for the same selection coefficient in each scenario).

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12
Q

What is/are function(s) of the structure indicated by the arrow?

A

feeding

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15
Q

What is this unique stinging cell called that is possessed by Cnidarians?

A

cnidocyte

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16
Q

The body plan of cnidarians is composed of two cell layers, the epidermis (from ectoderm) and the gastrodermis (from endoderm). Therefore, these simple animals are triploblastic and have well developed organ systems.

A

false

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17
Q

Species richness

A

the count of the number of differnt species in an area

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18
Q

the relative abundance of the differnt species in an area

A

species evenness

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19
Q

species diversity

A

a measurement that weights each species by its abundance, accumulated with greater numbers of species

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21
Q

What is/are proper way(s) to write the genus and species of people?

A

Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens

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22
Q

This is a polyp of an Anthozoan. Which organism gives it this internal color?

A

zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.)

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23
Q

The upside down Daphnia (water flea) has been ingested by the hydra. What is the name of the cavity the Daphnia is in?

A

coelenteron

gastrovascular cavity

gastrovascular

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24
Q

Fill in the blank. A(n)_________ is an undirected change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism.

A

Mutation

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25
Q

An oligochaete lacks parapodia

A

ephyras

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26
Q

Match the body cavity to the organism.

A

acelom

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27
Q

Match the body cavity to the organism.

A

coelom

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28
Q

Match the body cavity to the organism.

A

pseudocoelom

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29
Q

Name the body-cavity type that this organism exhibits.

A

acoelomate

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30
Q

What group uses this mode of reproduction?

A
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33
Q

This organism is a segmented worm; to which class does it belong?

A

Polychaeta

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34
Q

Which of the following are typically included in the causes of microevolution?

Selection

species richness

drift

extinction

mutation

A

selection

drift

mutation

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35
Q

Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.

A

anthozoa

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36
Q

Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.

A

hydrozoa

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37
Q

Match each specimen from phylum Cnidaria to its class.

A

scyphozoa

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38
Q

Cnidarians are composed of tissues, but the tissues are not organized into discrete organs; therefore they exhibit a tissue level of organization. However, some Cnidarians have become colonial, with zooids specializing in various functions.

true of false

A

false

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39
Q

Choose the answer that properly identifies each body plan in order from A to C.

A

acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate

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40
Q

Sponges (Porifera) are said to have which level of organization?

A

tissue

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41
Q

This structure is specialized for ______________ and is called a _________________.

A

feeding; hydranth

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42
Q

What does cephalization mean?

A

the development of sense organs and nervous system control at the body’s leading head.

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43
Q

Leeches use an anticoagulant called _________________ to prevent their host’s blood from clotting.

A

hirudin

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44
Q

This is a Hydra whole mount. What is taking place on the left?

A

asexual production of a new polyp

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45
Q

Structure (A) is a muscular throat called a __________________ that this animal uses to grind up food.

A

mastax

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46
Q

Match the functions.

A

3 to hold as yet poorly digested food

4 to physically grind up food

6 to make sperm

7 to recive sperm

9 to pump blood

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47
Q

What is the external structure indicated by the arrow?

A

clitellum

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48
Q

What is the primary function of the typhlosole in an earthworm?

A

Increase surface area for absorption

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50
Q

___________ is the process allows the body of the gastropod to rotate 180 degrees so that the anus is near the anterior end of the organism.

A

torsion

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52
Q

What is(are) the difference(s) between a polychaete and an oligochaete?

A

An oligochaete lacks parapodia

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55
Q

Identify the two classes shown

A

bivalvia

cephalapoda

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58
Q

To what phylum does this organism belong?

A

Rotifera

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59
Q

name the parts \

3

4

6

7

9

A

3 crop

4 gizzard

6 seminal vesicles

7 seminal receptacel

9 hearts

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60
Q

A primary characteristic of the phylum of this organism is …

A

segmentation; metameres or repeated segments that appear like “little rings”

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63
Q

What is the purpose of including a control group in experiments?

A

It increases our ability to attribute the results of experimental treatments to the cause we are manipulating as opposed to other effects of our protocol.

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64
Q

name the parts

1

2

3

8

A

1mantle

2 gill

3 adductor

8foot

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65
Q

In triplobastic animals, the three cell layers of the gastrula are called the ______________ ____________ and ____________; list them from outer-most layer to inner-most (without the word “and”—just as three words).

A

ectoderm— mesoderm—-endoderm

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66
Q

name this part

A

heart

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67
Q

Which are characteristics of this organism’s class?

A

has a cuttlebone

may eject ink when threatened

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69
Q

All these organisms (excluding the humans) belong to the phylum __________________________.

A

Arthropoda

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70
Q

Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) are hermaphroditic selfers. They never (or almost never) mate with another individual.

true or false

A

false

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73
Q

Select all that apply to squid “B”

female

has testes

has a vas deferens

male

has a nidamental gland

A

female

has nidamentale gland

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75
Q

What are the sharp structures that make up this whole mount of Leucoselenia?

A

spicules

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77
Q

Can you see the stick insect? Many insects have evolved colors and patterns that allow them to blend into their environment, this form of protection is called _____________.

A

crypsis

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78
Q

What is this structure from a Giant Squid?

A

beak and busccal bulb

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79
Q

In nematodes, ecdysis means or is interpreted as

A

molting

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80
Q

Match each organism with its correct class.

A

bivalvia

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81
Q

Match each organism with its correct class.

A

cephalopoda

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82
Q

Match each organism with its correct class.

A

gastropoda

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83
Q

Match each organism with its correct class.

A

polyplacophora

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85
Q

A polychaete is a pseudocoelomate.

true or false

A

false they are coelomates

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86
Q

Here is the ventral view of a member of class Malacostraca. Is this specimen male or female?

A

female

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87
Q

Name the process occurring in the images above.

A

ecdysis

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88
Q

This organism’s integument structure is made of modified __________ (modified compared to the condition in its close relatives)?

A

keratin

hair

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89
Q

The phylum of all of these organisms is ____________________ [one word].

A

Echinodermata

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90
Q

A nematode is a segmented worm.

true or false

A

false

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91
Q

Identify structure 2 (yes, all of those labeled 2, collectively)

A

book gills

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93
Q

The grasshopper abdomen here shows valved openings called ________________, which are part of the respiratory system.

A

spiracles

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95
Q

Match each organism to its class.

A

Branchiopoda

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96
Q

=Match each organism to its class.

A

Copepoda

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97
Q

Match each organism to its class.

A

Cirripedia

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98
Q

Match each organism to its class.

A

malacostraca

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99
Q

During deuterostome development, the blastopore goes on to form which of the following?

A

Anus

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101
Q

What is the structure indicated by the arrow? These animals often orient so that water flows from left to right; given their shape, water flow pushes them down against the substrate rather than lifting them up, when they have this orientation.

A

telson

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104
Q

These images represent a group of fungi that are endosymbiotic with plants. What is the phylum?

A

Glomeromycota

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105
Q

Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?

A

so that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group

to give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under “normal” circumstances

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107
Q

The fungus pictured belongs to the one fungal phylum (Chytridiomycota) that has flagellated cells in its life cycle. The character state should be considered primitive since flagella are also found in more distantly related organisms such as animals. Thus, other fungi presumably belong to one or a few lineages that have lost the flagellum.

A

true

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108
Q

What would it mean if C. elegans has a similar neurophysiological response to caffeine and alcohol as humans do?

A

that the neurophysiology those drugs affect has been conserved since the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes

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109
Q

What is a presumed homology that connects the mollusks to the annelids?

A

trochophore larvae

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110
Q

This bird likes to sally for insects in the air. What’s its common name?

A

black phoebe

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111
Q

This is a close-up view of a frog’s skin. It is infected with a certain type of organism. Two sporangia containing numerous zoospores are visible. What is the phylum of the organism?

A

Chitridiomycota

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112
Q

Match the organism to its phylum.

A

ascomycota

113
Q

Match the organism to its phylum.

A

basidiomycota

114
Q

Match the organism to its phylum.

A

zygomycota

115
Q

Match the organism to its phylum.

A

chitrydiomycota

116
Q

Name the red structures.

A

basidiospores

117
Q

No living cephalopods have an external shell.

true or false

A

false

118
Q

Name the clade(s) to which this organism belongs.

A

deuterostoma

chondrichthyes

chordata

119
Q

What is the Greek/Latin derivation of the name gastropod?

A

stomach; foot

120
Q

A fungus cloaks the roots of a conifer, White Spruce (Picea glauca). What kind of relationship is this?

A

ectomycorrhizal

122
Q

Squid and octopuses are in the Cephalopoda. What is the derivation of the name “Cephalopoda”?

A

head; foot

123
Q

Match each letter to its correct structure.

A

A sporangium

B mycelium

124
Q

What is an umbo?

A

the oldest, raised part of a bivalve shell

125
Q

is the non stippled ring a coelom?

A

no its outside the organism aroun the pharynx

126
Q

label and name the organism

A

Planarian

127
Q

label the parts

A
129
Q

name the clade

A

porifera

130
Q

name the clade

A

cnidaria

131
Q

name the clade

A

Echinodermata

132
Q

name the clade

A

lophotrochozoa>Annelida

133
Q

name the clade

A

lophotrochozoa>mollusca

134
Q

name the clade

A

lophotrochozoa>platyhelminthes

135
Q

name the clade

A

lophotrochozoa>rotifera

136
Q

name the clade

A

Ecdysozoa>nematoda

137
Q

what kind of development is this

A

protostome

138
Q

name the organism

A

sponge

139
Q

name the parts and organism

A

sponge

140
Q

labe the parts and name the organism

A

hydra

141
Q

label the parts

A
142
Q

name the class

A

siphonophores> hydrozoans

143
Q

name the class

A

anthozoa>coral

144
Q

label parts and name the class

A

Class Anthozoa:

145
Q

name the class

A

planarian

146
Q

label parts and name the organism

A

Clonorchis class trematoda

147
Q

name the type of organism

A

cestoda

148
Q

in this anthozoan what cavity is behnd the pink arrow

A

coelenteron

149
Q

identify the organism

A

hydra

150
Q

what organism has this stage as part of its life cycle

A

aurelia

151
Q

identify the organism

A

aurelia

152
Q

identify the obelia medusa

A
153
Q

name the kind of organism

A

trematode cercaria

154
Q

name the type of organism

A

schistosoma

155
Q

what is this

A

skeleton of a poriferan

156
Q

identify the organism

A

trematode

157
Q

name the class

A

hydrozoa

158
Q

what is this

A

anthozoa

159
Q

label the organism

A
160
Q

label the structures

A
161
Q

identify the organism

A

sponge

162
Q

lable the strucure

A
163
Q

what unique mode of reproduction is drawn here ?

A

stroblilization

164
Q

lable the organism and name it

A

planarians

165
Q

how does this sugesia taste?

A

with dense neurons in auricles

167
Q

what system is colored in yellow?

A

gastrovascular

168
Q

label parts

A
169
Q

label parts

A
170
Q

label the parts

A
171
Q

label the parts

A
172
Q

label the parts

A
173
Q

name the type of organism

A
174
Q

name the class

A

polycheate> nereis

175
Q

name the phylum

A

nematoda

176
Q

identify the organism

A

hirudinea

177
Q

name the tissue indicatedby the blue bracket from a cnidarian

A

gastrodermis

179
Q

these colorful worms live in the ocean can you guess their group

A

polychaete

180
Q

this organism causes pinworm infection mostly in children what group is it a member of

A

nematoda

181
Q

label this cross section of ascaris

A
182
Q

label the structure

A
183
Q

labe the structures

A
184
Q

label parts

A
185
Q

name the structure

A

labial palp

186
Q

This is a Lumbricus in cross section

small intestine: Humans :: __________: Lumbricus

A

typhlosole

187
Q

which is in the polyplacophora

A
188
Q

WHICH IS A GASTROPODA

A
189
Q

THIS BIVALVE HAS BEEN COOKED LABEL THE STRUCTURES

A
190
Q

LABEL THE PARTS

A
191
Q

A REPLICATE IS…..

A

AN INDEPENDENT INDICATOR OF INFORMATION

192
Q

LABEL THE PARTS

A
193
Q

Choose the main parts uniting the various groups of mollusks (like synapomorphies for the phylum, like to’ally).

A

Mantle

visceral mass

head

194
Q

LABEL THE PARTS

A
195
Q

LABEL THE PARTS

A
196
Q

LABEL PARTS

A
197
Q

NAME THE GROUP

A

MALACOSTRACA

198
Q

NAME THE GROUP

A

CIRRIPEDIA

199
Q

THIS FLY IS HARMLESS TO BIRDS THAT MIGHT EAT IT BUT IT LOOKS LIKE A BUMBLE BEE DESCRIBE ITS COLORATION

A

BASTESIAN MIMICRY

200
Q

NAME THE GROUP

A

MALACOSTRACA

201
Q

NAME THE GROUP

A

ECHINODERMS

202
Q

NAME THE CLASS

A

OPHIUROIDEA

203
Q

NAME THE GROUP

A

cephalochordata

204
Q

label the parts

A
205
Q

label the parts

A
206
Q

name the group

A

glomeromycota

207
Q

name the group

A

zygomycota

208
Q

What is a radula?

A

not found in bivalves

a raspy tongue

209
Q

label the parts of this rhizopus

A
211
Q

Why is it important that you have a control group in an experiment?

A

To give a reliable baseline for comparison on how an organisms reacts under “normal” circumstances

So that it becomes possible to compare treatment groups to an untreated group

214
Q

On a bivalve, how can you tell which end is anterior?

A

the end closest to the umbo

216
Q

What is an easy way to tell the sex of a (mature) squid?

A

the presence or absence of the nidamental gland

217
Q

Match the following parts of a scientific paper with what each would contain.

Introduction

Results

Discussion

method

A

Introduction: Hypotheses that you set out to test

Results:Charts, graphs, and statistics describing your findings

Discussion: Your explanation(s) for why you found what you did

method: The protocols you used such that someone else could replicate your experiment

218
Q

How many tagmata do organisms in the Arachnida have?

A

two

220
Q

Insects have ___ tagmata.

A

3

221
Q

Match the characteristic to the correct phylum.

cnidaria exoskeleton of chitin

Annelida soft body muscular foot visceral mass

Mollusca Metameres (segmentation)

Arthopoda radial symmetry

A

cnidaria Radial Symetry

Annelida metameres (segmentation)

Mollusca soft body muscular foot visceral mass

Arthopoda radial symmetry

222
Q

The principal components of the insect exoskeleton are proteins and a type of carbohydrate called _________.

A

Chitin

225
Q

Why are replication and reasonably large sample sizes important in an experiment?

A

To increase the (potential) significance and reliability of the results (if there actually was a difference between treatments).

To reduce the standard errors within experimental groups.

To provide stronger evidence regarding the hypothesis you are testing.

230
Q

Because the exoskeleton is rigid, arthropods must shed it periodically, to grow in a process known as molting, or __________.

A

ecdysis

231
Q

Why, in the guppy choice experiment, is it important that the tank be centered over the red line?

A

So we are accurately measuring which half of the tank the fish is in.

236
Q

Indicate for each structure below its developmental destiny (i.e. what becomes of it as an adult).

Notochord of a mammal

Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal

Post-anal tail in a human

dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark

segments in a snake

A

Notochord of a mammal : disks between vertebrae

Pharyngeal gill slits of a mammal: eustachian tubes, the canals that regulates the pressure of the middle ears

Post-anal tail in a human: Coccyx a short bony extension of the vertebrae colum

dorsal tubular nerve cord in a shark:central nervous system

segments in a snake:

muscles and bones associated with each rib and vetebra

238
Q

Select the group(s) that does(do) not belong in the probably paraphyletic ‘crustacea’.

A

scorpions

240
Q

How come tunicates and lancelets are classified as chordates even though they have no backbone?

A

a notochord was present during their larval stage

246
Q

Check synapomorphy(ies) that mark(s) the Chordata (and not some larger or smaller clade)?

A

post anal tail

pharyngeal slits

notchcord

dorsal hollow nerve cord

248
Q

Which of the following clades are humans included in?

A

Mammalia

vertebrata

chordata

249
Q

Sea stars feed by everting their stomach through their mouth subsequently digesting the food outside of their body before consumption.

A

true

251
Q

Place the correct kind of integument structure with each clade.

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Amphibia

Lepidosauria

Aves

Mammalia

A

Chondrichthyes

placoid scales

Actinopterygii

cycloid scales

Amphibia

none—just cells of skin

Lepidosauria

epidermal scales

Aves

feathers

Mammalia

hair

252
Q

Which of the following are not members of the clade Amniota (the amniotes)?

Amphibia

Actinopterygii

Mammalia

Lepidosaurs

Aves

A

Amphibia and actinopterygii

254
Q

Many Actionperygii use a _________________ [two words] for regulating buoyancy.

A

swim bladder

255
Q

Lichens are constituted by a _________ relationship between a fungus and an alga.

A

symbiotic

263
Q

Which of the following clades within the vertebrates have animals that undergo development within an amniotic egg?

A

aves

lepidosaurs

265
Q

The class Condrichthyes has a skeleton composed of _________ instead of bone.

A

cartilage

267
Q

What organism(s) make up a typical lichen?

A

green alga

ascomycota

268
Q

Why do amphibians tend to be largely restricted to moist places?

A

thin skin makes them vulnerable to rapid water loss

270
Q

Arthropods have a closed circulatory system.

A

false the have an ope system

274
Q

what is the strictire that rids a planaria of nitrogenous waste analogus to how our kidneys get urea out of our blood

A

flame cells

312
Q

true or fals planarians are hermaphroditic

A

true

324
Q

what type of body cavity forms in the embryo as a completely new space totally within mesodermal tissue

A

coelom

332
Q

are the siphons of bivalves and cephlopods homologous

A

no the former is mantle the later is foot

339
Q

IS THE CRAYFISH A PROTOSTOME OR DEUTEROSTOME

A

PROTOSTOME

354
Q

what are the asexual propagules of ascomycota called

A

conidia

356
Q
A