Lab Practical Exam Flashcards
Ventral
Toward the front or belly
Spinal (vertebral)
Spinal cord
Abdominal
Digestive organs, spleen, and kidneys
Mid saggital plane
The sagittal plane that divides the body or an organ into equal right and left halves
Lymphatic system
Lymph Nodes, vessels, trunks, spleen,thymus, red bone marrow, appendix, and tonsils
Respiratory system
Lungs, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and alveoli
Superior
Top half or above
Lateral
Away from the median plane
Inferior (caudal)
Bottom half or below
Deep
Further from body surface
Pericardium
Two layered membrane where the heart is enfolded
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in and organisms body
Femoral
Lower limb (thigh)
Left and right inguinal
Left: part of small intestine, bladder descending colon
Right: most of liver, gallbladder, part of transverse colon, and duodenum
Epigastric
Above the stomach
Simple columnar
Have spherical nuclei generally located near the base of cell
these cells line certain respiratory passages and much of the digestive tract
the plasma membranes of simple columnar epithelial cells often contain cilia or are folded into microvilli
Hyaline cartilage
Contains mostly chondrocytes scattered in ground substance with few visible protein fibers
this gives hyaline cartilage a smooth glassy appearance and makes it an ideal tissue to cover the ends of bones where they form joints with another bone
the smooth texture of hyaline cartilage provides a nearly frictionless surface on which bones can articulate
hyaline cartilage is also is found connecting the ribs to the sternum in the nose and forming the framework for certain respiratory passages
Smooth muscle
Flat with a single nucleus in the corner of the cell
Dense regular connective tissue
Consists primarily of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles with little ground substance and few cells
It is exceptionally strong and makes up structures that require tensile strength in a single plane such as tendons and ligaments
Simple squamous epithelium
Consists of a single layer of flat cells with a centrally located flattened nucleus
found in air sacs and lungs
Simple cuboidal epithelium
They are short and have a spherical central nucleus
found lining glands such as the thyroid glands certain respiratory passages and in the kidneys
Skeletal muscle
They are long tubular and striated in appearance
Loose areolar
The primary element in loose connective tissue is ground substance which gives it a loose appearance
Adipose
It consists mostly of huge cells called adipocytes with collagen fibers in the ECM
Blood
Consists of a liquid ECM called plasma within which we find cells called erythrocytes and leukocytes and cellular fragments called platelets
Cardiac Muscle
Located in the heart short and wide striated and tend to be branching
usually only have one nucleus but some may have two or more
Nervous
The primary component of the brain the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves
Osteocytes
Bone tissue also called osseous tissue consists of bone cells called osteocytes encased in an ECM that contains collagen fibers and calcium hydroxyapatite crystals
Goblet cells
A column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.
Red blood cell (erythrocytes)
Blood consists of a liquid ECM called plasma within which we find cells called erythrocytes
Neuron
They are responsible for sending and receiving messages within the nervous system
Nucleus
A nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s chromosomes.
Dendrites (neuronal Processes)
The dendrites receive messages from other neurons
Axons
Sends messages to other neurons muscle cells or gland cells
Soma
Is the core of a neuron. It contains the nucleus and other organelles that are essential for cell survival. The soma’s function is to maintain the cell and keep the neuron functioning efficiently.
Intercalated discs
Contain desmosomes and gap junctions and link all cardiac myocytes physically and electrically so that the heart may contract as a unit
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood
Striations
Muscles in our bodies that have a striped appearance. This striped appearance is due to these muscles’ light and dark bands which appear in an alternate fashion.
Lacunae
The space housing the osteocytes in bones and chondrocytes in cartilage.
Extracellular matrix
The material around the tissues cell that is largely produced by the cells themselves
Cilia and microvilli
Microvilli, such as the small intestine, are found in the digestive tract and improve absorption. Cilia are longer and wider than microvilli. They are made of nine pairs of microtubules that form a circle with another pair in the center. This structure is called the axoneme.
