Lab Practical Flashcards
What are the 5 Hardy-Weinberg Assumptions?
- Large Population
- Random Mating
- No Net Mutation
- Isolated Population (closed)
- No Natural Selection
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equation? What equation can be used to calculate allele frequencies?
1 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2
p + q = 1
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, what does p^2 stand for?
Expected frequency of the dominant homozygous genotype, AA
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, what does q^2 stand for?
Expected frequency of the recessive homozygous genotype, aa
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, what does 2pq stand for?
Expected frequency of the heterozygous genotype, Aa
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, what does p stand for?
The allelic frequency of the dominant allele
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, what does q stand for>
The allelic frequency of the recessive allele
What is Founder Effect?
A small, non-representative sample of a population begins a new population with a new genotype frequency
What is a population bottleneck?
A population is reduced, and a small gene pool rebuilds the population with little genetic variation
What is the value of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?
It is a null model that can be used to see if evolution is occuring
A population of cheetahs was greatly reduced to only 20. Te population rebounded, but the genetic diversity didn’t. This is an example of _________.
Population Botltleneck
A random change in allele frequencies in a population is ____ _______
Genetic Drift
A small group of individuals from a population founded a new habitat and their allele frequencies did not mirror that of the parent generation. This is an example of _________________.
Founder Effect
What is a change in allele frequencies between generations within a population or small group, especially over a short period of time?
Microevolution
What equation can be used to calculate expected dominant phenotype frequencies?
2pq + p^2 / (p^2 + 2pq + q^2)
What equation can be used to calculate expected recessive phenotype frequencies?
2pq + q^2 / (p^2 + 2pq + q^2)
True or false: Genetic drift can occur even when all H-W conditions are met
True
True or false: Genetic drift is more likely in a small population
True
What are the four agents of evolution?
- Natural Selection
- Genetic Drift
- Gene flow
- Mutation
Under this species concept, a group of organisms are classified in the same species if they appear morphologically identical.
Morphological Species Concept
Under the ______ ______ ______, organisms are classified as the same as the same species if they have identical DNA sequences.
Molecular Species Concept
What is a theory that defines a species as two organisms that are able to successfully mate and reproduce?
Biological Species Concept
Why is low genetic diversity an issue in species conservation?
- low genetic diversity causes a population to not be able to adapt to a new environment
- low genetic diversity can lead to the “march to homozygosity”
What are the three similarities between organisms that can be used to define a species?
- morphology
- characters
- genetic makeup