Bio. Lab Quiz 1 Background

Question 1

What is a population?

Answer 1

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Question 2

Does evolution act on populations or individuals?

Answer 2

Populations

Question 3

What are two ways you can tell if evolution is happening?

Answer 3

1. Subtle changes

2. Quantitative Methods

Question 4

What is evolution?

Answer 4

A change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms from generation to generation; descent with modification through natural selection

Question 5

What is a way evolution can be random?

Answer 5

Through genetic drift

Question 6

What is a way evolution can be nonrandom?

Answer 6

Through selection

Question 7

Evolution has no _____.

Answer 7

Goal

Question 8

What is microevolution?

Answer 8

Studies changes within a single species population

Question 9

What is macroevolution?

Answer 9

Studies changes that divide a population into species

Question 10

What does Hardy-Weinberg do?

Answer 10

Test observations to see whether or not evolution is occurring

Question 11

What are the five model assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg?

Answer 11

1. Large Population (no genetic drift)
2. Closed population (no immigration/emmigration)
3. No Net mutations
4. Random Mating
5. No Natural selection

Question 12

What are the two equations used in Hardy-Weinberg?

Answer 12

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 13

p + q = 1 calculates what?

Answer 13

Allele frequencies

Question 14

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 calculates what?

Answer 14

Genotype frequencies

Question 15

What are the three effects of natural selection?

Answer 15

1. Directional
2. Disruptive
3. Stabilizing

Question 16

What does it mean if a population does not meet the five Hardy-Weinberg expectations?

Answer 16

Evolution is occuring

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg is a _____ model.

Answer 17

Null

Question 18

What are the four ways a population can evolve?

Answer 18

1. Natural Selection
2. Genetic Drift
3. Gene Flow
4. Mutation

Question 19

What do allelic frequencies help determine?

Answer 19

The change in a population’s overall genetic make up from one generation to the next

Question 20

When in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, do allelic frequencies change over time?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What is Natural Selection?

Answer 21

Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than organisms with other characteristics

Question 22

What two forces were simulated in lab 1?

Answer 22

Natural selection and genetic drift

Question 23

What are the two reasons Hardy-Weinberg is used?

Answer 23

1. To see if conditions are partially fulfilled

2. It is a null model to determine if evolution is occuring and allelic frequencies are changing

Question 24

In the lab, the original gene pool was composed of what? What color was dominant and which was recessive?

Answer 24

50 red (dominant) beads and 50 yellow (recessive) beads

Question 25

How was the frequency of A and the frequency of a calculated?

Answer 25

You calculate the total number of either the A or a allele, and divide by the total number of alleles. If there were 10 AA individuals and 10 Aa individuals, there are a total of 20 individuals and 40 alleles. To calculate F(A), you take the total number of A alleles (30) and divide by the total number of alleles (40).

Question 26

If natural selection occured so that all aa individuals die, how do you calculate allele frequencies?

Answer 26

You calculate the total number of surviving alleles by doubling the total number of surviving individuals. Then, calculate allele frequencies by couting the total number of A and a alleles, ignoring aa individuals, and divide by the total number of alleles.

Question 27

What does genetic drift mean?

Answer 27

Through random chance, gene frequencies change from generation to generation, even under Hardy-Weinberg assumptions

Question 28

What are two types of genetic drift?

Answer 28

1. Founder Effect | 2. Bottleneck

Question 29

What is Founder effect?

Answer 29

Occurs when a few individuals from an original population disperse and inhabit a new area.

Question 30

What is a Population Bottleneck?

Answer 30

Occurs when a population is greatly reduced, then recovers

Question 31

What parts of Hardy-Weinberg does bottleneck violate?

Answer 31

- large population | - No natural selection

Question 32

What parts of Hardy-Weinberg does Founder Effect violate?

Answer 32

- Large population | - Closed population

Question 33

________ is essential for evolution.

Answer 33

Variation

Question 34

What is phenotypic plasticity?

Answer 34

When physical traits vary among individuals based on environmental pressures, not genotype

Question 35

What two invertrebrates were simulated?

Answer 35

Oystercatchers and limpets

Question 36

What were the two agents of mortality?

Answer 36

Oystercatchers and logs

Question 37

Oystercatchers are ________ predators.

Answer 37

Visual