Lab Practical # 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Motor Cortex is located

A

in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

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2
Q

primary somatosensory cortex is located

A

in the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe

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3
Q

visual cortex is located

A

in the occipital lobe

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4
Q

gustatory cortex is located

A

in the insula just deep to the temporal lobe

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5
Q

auditory cortex is located

A

in the superior margin of the temporal lobe next to the lateral sulcus.

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6
Q

premotor cortex is located

A

in the frontal lobe

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7
Q

motor speech (broca’s area) is located

A

in the frontal lobe

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8
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges, is a serious threat to the brain because a bacterial or viral meningitis may spread to the CNS

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9
Q

stroke (CVA)

A

occurs when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and the brain tissue dies of ischemia. Most common cause of CVA is a blood clot that blocks a cerebral artery. Many who survive are paralyzed on one side of the body, and other exhibit sensory deficits or have difficulty understanding or vocalizing speech.

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10
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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11
Q

What are the five nerve plexuses?

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal.

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12
Q

a cervical plexus nerve

A

Phrenic

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13
Q

brachial plexus nerves

A

median, ulnar, radial

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14
Q

a lumbar plexus

A

femoral

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15
Q

a sacral plexus

A

sciatic nerve

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16
Q

coccygeal plexus

A

coccygeal nerve

17
Q

damage to the spinal cord or nerve plexuses results in

A

weakened or paralyzed limbs

18
Q

trauma to the radial nerve results in

A

wrist drop

19
Q

median nerve injury

A

makes it difficult to use the pincer grasp

20
Q

irritation of the phrenic nerve causes

A

spasms of the diaphragm or hiccups, if both phrenic nerves are severed or if C3 - C5 is crushed or destroyed, the diaphragm is paralyzed and respiratory arrest occurs.

21
Q

reflex

A

are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

22
Q

5 reflex arc components

A
  1. receptor
  2. sensory neuron
  3. integration center
  4. motor neuron
  5. effector
23
Q

differences in somatic and autonomic reflex arcs

A

a visceral reflex arc has two consecutive neurons in its motor component.
and the afferent fibers are visceral sensory neurons.

24
Q

examples of somatic reflexes

A

the blinking reflex, knee jerk reflex, gag reflex, and the startle reflex and rooting reflex in

25
Q

examples of autonomic reflexes

A

pulse rate, blood flow, pupil dilation/constriction.

26
Q

monosynaptic reflexes performed in lab

A

patellar reflex,

27
Q

polysynaptic reflexes performed in lab

A

flexor reflex, withdrawal reflex.

28
Q

How a reflex works.

A
  1. A stimulus happens at the receptor site.
  2. The sensory neuron transmits afferent impulses to the CNS.
  3. In the CNS, there is a an integration center made up of one more neurons.
  4. The motor neuron conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ.
  5. The effector organ, a muscle fiber or gland cell, responds to different impulses by contracting or secreting, respectively.
29
Q

What is the Babinski sign and what does it tell you?

A

Damage to the corticospinal tract produces Babinski’s sign, an abnormal response in which the toes flare and the great toe moves in an upward direction. In a newborn infant, it is normal to see Babinski’s sign because myelination of the nervous system is incomplete.

30
Q

major types of receptors

A

exteroceptors, interoceptors (internal visceral ), proprioceptors (internal stimuli to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, connective tissure)

31
Q

receptor adaptation

A

decline in the transmission of a sensory nerve when a receptor is stimulated continuously and at a constant stimulus strength.

32
Q

Tests conducted to investigate receptors

A

two point discrimination test, tactile localization, adaptation of touch