Lab Practical # 3 Review Flashcards
Primary Motor Cortex is located
in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex is located
in the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe
visual cortex is located
in the occipital lobe
gustatory cortex is located
in the insula just deep to the temporal lobe
auditory cortex is located
in the superior margin of the temporal lobe next to the lateral sulcus.
premotor cortex is located
in the frontal lobe
motor speech (broca’s area) is located
in the frontal lobe
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges, is a serious threat to the brain because a bacterial or viral meningitis may spread to the CNS
stroke (CVA)
occurs when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and the brain tissue dies of ischemia. Most common cause of CVA is a blood clot that blocks a cerebral artery. Many who survive are paralyzed on one side of the body, and other exhibit sensory deficits or have difficulty understanding or vocalizing speech.
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
What are the five nerve plexuses?
cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal.
a cervical plexus nerve
Phrenic
brachial plexus nerves
median, ulnar, radial
a lumbar plexus
femoral
a sacral plexus
sciatic nerve
coccygeal plexus
coccygeal nerve
damage to the spinal cord or nerve plexuses results in
weakened or paralyzed limbs
trauma to the radial nerve results in
wrist drop
median nerve injury
makes it difficult to use the pincer grasp
irritation of the phrenic nerve causes
spasms of the diaphragm or hiccups, if both phrenic nerves are severed or if C3 - C5 is crushed or destroyed, the diaphragm is paralyzed and respiratory arrest occurs.
reflex
are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.
5 reflex arc components
- receptor
- sensory neuron
- integration center
- motor neuron
- effector
differences in somatic and autonomic reflex arcs
a visceral reflex arc has two consecutive neurons in its motor component.
and the afferent fibers are visceral sensory neurons.
examples of somatic reflexes
the blinking reflex, knee jerk reflex, gag reflex, and the startle reflex and rooting reflex in
examples of autonomic reflexes
pulse rate, blood flow, pupil dilation/constriction.
monosynaptic reflexes performed in lab
patellar reflex,
polysynaptic reflexes performed in lab
flexor reflex, withdrawal reflex.
How a reflex works.
- A stimulus happens at the receptor site.
- The sensory neuron transmits afferent impulses to the CNS.
- In the CNS, there is a an integration center made up of one more neurons.
- The motor neuron conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ.
- The effector organ, a muscle fiber or gland cell, responds to different impulses by contracting or secreting, respectively.
What is the Babinski sign and what does it tell you?
Damage to the corticospinal tract produces Babinski’s sign, an abnormal response in which the toes flare and the great toe moves in an upward direction. In a newborn infant, it is normal to see Babinski’s sign because myelination of the nervous system is incomplete.
major types of receptors
exteroceptors, interoceptors (internal visceral ), proprioceptors (internal stimuli to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, connective tissure)
receptor adaptation
decline in the transmission of a sensory nerve when a receptor is stimulated continuously and at a constant stimulus strength.
Tests conducted to investigate receptors
two point discrimination test, tactile localization, adaptation of touch
