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Anatomy and Physiology 2141 > LAB PRACTICAL 3 > Flashcards

LAB PRACTICAL 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Cranial Nerves are in the brain?

A

12

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2
Q

What is contained in the Neural tube

A

the neural canal, and anterior (rostral) or Posterior (caudal) sides

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3
Q

What are the secondary brain vesicles

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

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4
Q

What are the adult brain structures of the telencephalon

A

Cerebrum : White matter, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex

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5
Q

What are the primary brain vesicles

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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6
Q

What does the Prosencephalon turn into?

A

The telencephalon and the diencephalon

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7
Q

What is the mesencephalon

A

brain stem: midbrain

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8
Q

What does the Rhombencephalon turn into?

A

The metencephalon and the myelencephalon

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9
Q

Cerebral hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei

A

Cerebrum

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10
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus retina)

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11
Q

What are the adult neural canal regions

A

Lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
cerebral aquedcut
fourth ventricle
central canal

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12
Q

How many cranial nerve originate from the brain stem

A

10

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13
Q

What two nerves originate from the forebrain

A

The olfactory (I) and optic (II)

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14
Q

Cranial nerves serve the ____ and ____ (except for the _______ which extends into the abdomen

A

Head; Neck and vagus

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15
Q

what is the first cranial nerve (I)

A

Olfactory

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16
Q

What is the second cranial nerve (II)

A

Optic

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17
Q

What is the third cranial nerve (III)

A

Oculomotor

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18
Q

What is the fourth cranial nerve (IV)

A

Trochlear

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19
Q

What is the fifth cranial nerve (V)

A

Trigeminal

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20
Q

What is the sixth cranial nerve (VI)

A

Abducens

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21
Q

What is the seventh cranial nerve (VII)

A

Facial

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22
Q

What is the eighth cranial nerve (VIII)

A

Vestibulocohlear

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23
Q

what is the ninth cranial nerve (IX)

A

Glossopharyngeal

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24
Q

What is the tenth cranial nerve (X)

A

Vagus

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25
Q

what is the eleventh cranial nerve (XI)

A

Accessory

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26
Q

What is the twelfth cranial nerve (XII)

A

Hypoglossal

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27
Q

Some cranial nerves are purely _______ or _______and some are both meaning they can carry both

A

sensory; motor

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28
Q

True or False: A single nerve can carry both afferent and efferent axons

A

True

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29
Q

Does the olfactory nerve have sensory or motor function?

A

Sensory (smell)

30
Q

Does the optic nerve have sensory or motor function

A

Sensory (vision)

31
Q

Does the oculomotor nerve have a sensory or motor function?

A

Motor

32
Q

Does the trochlear nerve have sensory or motor function?

A

Motor

33
Q

Does the trigeminal nerve have sensory or motor function

A

Both (general sensation)

34
Q

Does the abducens nerve have motor or sensory function?

A

Motor

35
Q

Does the facial nerve have sensory or motor function?

A

Both
Sensory - taste

36
Q

Does the vestibulocochlear have sensory or motor function?

A

both, some motor function and hearing/balance for sensory function

37
Q

Does the glossopharyngeal nerve have sensory or motor function

A

Both (taste)

38
Q

Does the vagus nerve have sensory or motor function

A

Both (taste)

39
Q

Does the accessory nerve have sensory or motor function

A

motor function

40
Q

does the Hypoglossal nerve have sensory or motor function

A

motor function

41
Q

Reflexes are either…

A

Autonomic (visceral): mediated through the autonomic nervous system

or

Somatic: medicated through the somatic nervous system

42
Q

What do autonomic reflexes ACTIVATE

A

Smooth muscle - cardiac muscle - glands

43
Q

What do autonomic reflexes REGULATE

A

Digestion, elimination, blood pressure, salivation, sweating

44
Q

What do somatic reflexes ACTIVATE

A

Skeletal muscles

45
Q

T or F: Most reflexes are polysynaptic but some are monosynaptic ( have one sensory and on motor neuron)

A

True

46
Q

What are the components of all human reflex arcs

A
  1. receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. integration center
  4. motor neuron
  5. Effector (muscle fiber or gland)
47
Q

What reflex activates the agonist muscles and inhibits the antagonist muscles

A

A stretch reflex

48
Q

What is an example of a stretch reflex?

A

Knee Jerk

49
Q

This reflex occurs when a noxious stimulus activates the afferent sensory nerve fibers to the spinal cord
2. multiple interneurons receive the electrical current
3. on th eipsilateral side the internuerons casue an ESPS in the efferent motor neurons to the flexor muscles and an ISPS in the efferent motor neurons to the extensor muscles

A

Flexor Reflex

50
Q

On the contralateral side the interneurons cause an:
1. ISPS in the efferent motor neurons to the flex or muscles
2. ESPS in the efferent motor nuerons to the extensor muscles

A

The crossed-extensor reflex

51
Q

The pat of the PNS that regulates body activites under consious control

A

The voluntary Nervous system

52
Q

Where is the cell body of the motor neuron located

A

In the brain or spinal cord

53
Q

What does the voluntary nervous system serve?

A

Skeletal muscles

54
Q

The part of the PNS that regulates body activities not under conscious control

A

Involuntary Nervous system

55
Q

What does the involuntary nervous system serve

A

Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Internal Glands

56
Q

With the ANS it takes ____ neurons to get a nerve impulse from the CNS to the organ

A

2

57
Q

What is the first and second neruon that help get a nerve impulse from the CNS to an organ

A

the first is a preganaglionic neuron ( located in the brain or spinal cord) and the seconds is a ganglionic neuron ( located in a ganglion outside of the CNS)

58
Q

Parasypethetic division
- Preganglionic neurons are located in the cranial area and form…..

A

nerves III, VII, XI, X

59
Q

Syspathetic division
- Preganglionic neurons are located in the thoracolumbar area

A
60
Q

What organs are not innervated by the parasympathetic system?

A

Skin and adrenal Glands

61
Q

What gland produces and secrets tears?

A

Lacrimal Gland

62
Q

What muscles moves the eye laterally and controls the VI (6) cranial nerve

A

lateral Rectus

63
Q

What is the VI (6) cranial nerve

A

Abducens

64
Q

What Muscle moves the eye medially and controls the III cranial Nerve?

A

Medial rectus

65
Q

What muscle elevates the eye and turns it medially and controls the III cranial Nerve?

A

Superior Recuts

66
Q

What muscle depresses the eye and turns it medially and controls the III cranial Nerve

A

Inferior rectus

67
Q

What muscle elevates the eye and turns it laterally and controls the III cranial Nerve

A

Inferior oblique

68
Q

What muscle depresses the eye and turns it laterally and controls the IV cranial nerve

A

Superior oblique

69
Q

What are the adult brain structures of the diencephalon

A

Thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus (retina)

70
Q

What are the adult brain structures of the mesencephalon?

A

Brainstem: midbrain

71
Q

What are the adult brain structures of the metencephalon

A

Brainstem: pons and cerebellum

72
Q

What are the adult brain structures of the myelencephalon

A

Brain stem: medulla Oblongata

Anatomy and Physiology 2141 (7 decks)

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