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Anatomy and Physiology 2141 > Chapters D-G > Flashcards

Chapters D-G Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the vertebral column

A

Cervical curvature, Thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature, sacral curvature, coccyx

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2
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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3
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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4
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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5
Q

What numbers are the true ribs

A

1-7

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6
Q

What numbers are the false ribs

A

8-12

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7
Q

the smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming part of a joint

A

Condyle

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8
Q

Shaped like a crown

A

Coronoid

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9
Q

a Protuberance on a bone especially for attachment of a muscle or ligament

A

Tubrecule

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10
Q

Shaped like a crow’s beak

A

Coracoid

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11
Q

infra

A

below

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12
Q

Supre

A

above

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13
Q

a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage

A

Process

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14
Q

A pit, cavity, or depression in a bone

A

Fossa

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15
Q

any globelike or knoblike part, as a flower head or the head of a bone

A

Capitulum

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16
Q

Acetabulum

A

‘Wine cup’

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17
Q

Symphysis

A

a growing together

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18
Q

Trochanter

A

the greek word for a runner”

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19
Q

The_______ and __________ are condyles

A

trochlea and capitulum

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20
Q

What does the capitulum articulate with

A

the radius

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21
Q

What does the Trochlea articulate with

A

the ulna

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22
Q

the funny bone – has a groove containing the ulnar nerve

A

Medial Condyle

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23
Q

What is a common site for fracture in the arm/humerus/brachium

A

Surgical neck

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24
Q

characteristics of Female Pelvic Girdle

A
  1. pelvis tilted forward
  2. bones, thinner, lighter smoother
  3. acetabula, smaller, further apart
  4. pubic arch — wider
  5. Sacrum – wider, shorter
  6. coccyx – more movable, straighter
  7. pelvic inlet or brim – wider
  8. Pelvic outlet – wider
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25
Q

characteristics of a male pelvic girdle

A
  1. pelvis less tilted forward
  2. bones, thicker, heavier, markings more prominent
  3. Acetabula. larger, closer
  4. pubic arch – narrow
  5. sacrum - narrow, longer
  6. coccyx - less movable, curves ventrally
  7. pelvic inlet or brim – narrow
  8. Pelvic outlet – narrow
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26
Q

What is the strongest and heaviest bone in the bone

A

the femur

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27
Q

What guards the knee joint

A

the patella

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28
Q

Pit of the head attaches a ligament to acetabulum

A

fovea Capitis

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29
Q

what are the types of epithelial membrane

A

Cutaneous, mucous, serous

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30
Q

What lines the synovial joints, bursae and tendon sheaths

A

Synovial membrane

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31
Q

The cutaneous membrane are cells that are….

A

Dry, water proof, and keratinized

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32
Q

The mucous membrane are epithelial cells that are…

A

Resting on a layer of connective tissue, are wet, often secrete mucous

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33
Q

Line the body cavities that are closed to the exterior

A

serous membrane

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34
Q
  • no epithelial cells
  • composed entirely of connective tissue
  • line joint cavities
  • secrete synovial fluid
A

Synovial membranes

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35
Q

what are the primary tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

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36
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Sacral Curvature?

A

5 fused vertebrae

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37
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Coccyx vertebrae

A

4 fused vertebrae

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38
Q

Where are vertebral disks found in the vertebrae?

A

between the body portions of individual vertebrae

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39
Q

How many phalanges does each toe except the great toe have

A

3

40
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. covers internal and external body surfaces
  2. is the boundary between the inside of the body and the environment
  3. avascular
41
Q

what tissues is a single layer of flattened cells with dics shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simples of the epithelia

A

Simple squamous

42
Q

What tissues function allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important and secrets lubrication substances in serosae

A

Simple squamous

43
Q

What tissue is located in the kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart; blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels;

A

Simple Squamous

44
Q

What tissue is a single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

A

Simple cuboidal

45
Q

what tissues function is secretion and absorption

A

Simple cuboidal

46
Q

Ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface.

A

Simple cuboidal

47
Q

what tissue is a single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei

A

Simple columnar

48
Q

what tissues function is absorption; secretion of mucous, enzyme, and other substances

A

Simple columnar

49
Q

What tissues are located and lines the galbladder, digestive tract, and excretory ducts of some gland and some regions of the uterus.

A

Simple columnar

50
Q

What tissue is a single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface;

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

51
Q

What tissue functions secret substances, particularly mucous, propulsion of mucus

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

52
Q

What tissue had cillia and is located in the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract.

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

53
Q

Thick epithelium composed of several cells layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened.

A

Stratified Squamous

54
Q

protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

A

Stratified Squamous

55
Q

Located in the esophagus, vagina, and mouth

A

Stratified Squamous

56
Q

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike; depending on a degree of organ stretch.

A

Transitional epithelium

57
Q

Stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ.

A

Transitional epithelium

58
Q

Lines the urters, bladder and part of the urethra

A

Transitional epithelium

59
Q

Most abundant tissue; protect, supports and bind together other tissues have any cells types most vascularized

A

Connective tissue

60
Q

A model type of connective tissue
- cells 3 types of fibers
- ground substance

A

Areolar connective tissue

61
Q

gel like matrix with all three fiber types: cells: fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

A

Connective tissue –> proper –> loose

62
Q

Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid.

A

Connective tissue –> proper –> loose –areolar

63
Q

matrix in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells,

A

connective tissue –> proper –> loose –> adipose

64
Q

Provides reserve food fuel; insulates and protects organs

A

adipose tissue

65
Q

Tissue found in the breast, eyeballs, abdomen, and kidneys

A

adipose

66
Q

Loose network of reticular fibers in a gel like ground substance

A

connective - proper - loose - reticular

67
Q

Tissue found in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen

A

recticular

68
Q

Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers; major cells type is the fibroblast

A

Connective tissue - proper - dense - regular

69
Q

Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tinsile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

A

connective - proper - dense - regular

70
Q

Tissue found in tendons, most ligaments, aponerouses

A

regular tissue

71
Q

irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; fibroblast is the major cell type.

A

Connective tissue - proper - dense - irregular

72
Q

withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength.

A

Connective tissue - proper - dense - irregular

73
Q

Tissue of the fibrous capsule of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract

A

Connective tissue - proper - dense - irregular

74
Q

Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imprecptible network, chondroblast produce the matrix and when mature lie in lucunae.

A

connective tissue - cartilage - hyaline

75
Q

Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resist compressive stress

A

cartilage - hyaline

76
Q

forms costal cartilages of the ribs ; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx.

A

connective tissue - cartilage - hyaline

77
Q

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix

A

connective tissue - cartilage - elastic

78
Q

Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

A

connective tissue - cartilage - elastic

79
Q

Supports the external ear; epiglottis

A

connective tissue - cartilage - elastic

80
Q

Matrix similar to but less firm that in hyaline cartilage, thick collagen fibers predominate

A

Fibrocartilage

81
Q

Tensile strength allows to absorb compressive shock

A

Fibrocartilage

82
Q

connective tissue located in the intervertebral disc

A

fibrocartilage

83
Q

Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae. very well vascularized

A

connective tissue - bone

84
Q

Supports and protects; provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; cite for blood cell formation (marrow)

A

Connective tissue - bone

85
Q

connective tissue located in the bones

A

connective tissue - bone

86
Q

Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

A

Connective tissue - blood

87
Q

Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and other subtances

A

Connective tissue - blood

88
Q

Connective tissue contained within blood vessels

A

connective tissue - blood

89
Q

Long cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations

A

Skeletal muscle

89
Q

neurons are branching cells; cell process that may be quite long, extend from the nucleus- containing cell body; also contributing to nervous tissue are nonexcitible supporting cells

A

Nervous tissue

90
Q

voluntary movement locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control

A

Skeletal muscle

91
Q

Muscle Located in the skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin

A

Skeletal muscle

92
Q

branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that connect at specialized junction

A

Cardiac muscle

93
Q

as it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control

A

Cardiac Muscle

94
Q

Cells are spindle shaped, no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets

A

smooth muscle

95
Q

propels substances or objects along internal passageways; involuntary control.

A

smooth muscle

96
Q

Located mostly in the walls of hollow organs

A

smooth muscle

Anatomy and Physiology 2141 (7 decks)

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