Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
digestive tract
mouth
oropharynx
hypopharynx
trachea
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
parts of large intestine
cecum
ascending
transverse
descending colon
sigmoid colon
digestive tunics
lumen
1. mucosa layer: epithelium
2. mucosa layer: lamina propria
3. mucosa layer: muscularis mucosa
4. submucosa/nervous plexus
5.muscularis inner circular outer longitudinal smooth muscle
7 serosa or adventitia
parts of paritoneum
- lesser omentum
- mesocolon
- mesentary
- greater omentum
falciform ligament
connects liver to anterior of abdominal wall
lesser omentum
connects liver to the stomach
mesocolon
connects transverse colon to posterior abdomen wall
greater omentum/fatty apron
hangs down in front of small and large intestines
mesentary
surrounds small intestines connects post abdoinal wall around the small intestine like a fan
hard palette
anterior roof of mouth
soft palette
posterior roof of mouth
oral vestibule
space between teeth and cheek/lips on top and bottom
superior labial frenulum
membrane on the top middle mouth attaches uppergums to upper lip
inferior labial fenulum
attaches lower gums to lower jaw
fauces
opeing from oral cavity to oropharynx
palatoglossal arch
anterior to palatopharyngeal arch connects soft palate to the tongue
palatopharyngeal arch
posterior to palatoglossal arch connects soft palate to oropharynx
palantine tonsils
between the oral arches
lingual frenulum
bottom of tongue to floor of the mouth
parotid gland
by the ear betwen skin and masseter muscle.
parotid duct
from parotid gland comes out near second upper molar at cheek
submandibular glands
just under mandible
sublingual salivary glands
under the tongue 10-12 small ducts
esophagus tunics
1 . non karitinized stratified squamous epithelium
2. lamina propria
3. muscularis mucosae
4. submucosa
5. muscularis
6 upper part of esophagus has some skeletal muscle. at the stomach all smooth muscle
7adventitia
digestive tract from esophagus to small intestine
esophagus
gastroesophageal sphincter
cardia of stomach
body of stomach
pyloris
controled by pyloric sphincter
chief cells
in stomach: most numerous: secdretes pepsinogin activated by pepsin and HCL
parietal cells
in stomach: make intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorbtion and HCL
Gcells
In stomach: secrete gastrin enteroendocrine
small intestine parts
- duodenum: no mesentary
- jejunum: has mesentary
- ileum. has mesentary: longest has iliocecal valve at the end controls into large intestine
small intstine tunic
has plicae circulares: -cicular folds with mucosa layer on top of the folds are villi
intetinal gland cells
- goblet cells: secrete mucous
- enteroendocrine: secrete digestive hormones
- paneth cells: antibacterial
pancreas parts
- tail
- main body
- head closest to duodenum
- has pancreatic duct through the midle joins the common bile duct in head of the pancreas to beocme the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampullla
Ampulla of vater
at the head of the pancreas opes into the major duodenal papilla.
sphincter at papilla is sphincter of oddi
sphincter of oddi
between the ampulla of vater and duodenal papilla
liver lobes
R/L
cudate: top middle
quadrate: bottom middle
recognize liver lobule
hexagonal 6 sided has middle central vein has 3 points that have portal triad
appendix location
attached to the cecum the start of the large intestine
large intestine charachteristics
tinia coli: bands of muscle lengthwise
haustra: pouches made by tinia coli
spleen characteristics
- red pulp looks lighter pin than white pulp
- white pulp looks purple due to staining
neutrophils
multilobed
eosinophils
bilobed, usually bright red stain
lymphocytes
1 large nuclei
monocyte
U shaped nuclei largest
carina
ridge between primary bronchi
Kidney parts
cortex
medulla with wedges/renal pyramids and columns
renal papilla
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis: sits in renal sinus
interlobbular arteries run through the edge of the renal periamid over the renal pyramid and into the cortex
bladder parts
muscularis of bladder is called detruser muscle
internal erethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter
Kidney vs pancreas micro
kidney has lots of tubes
pancreas doesn’t have a border
cortical nephron
short loop of henle
juxtamillary nephron
long loop ofhenle, deep into renal meddula
nephron parts
afferent/efferent arterioles
glomerulus
vaso recta are the cappillaries around the loop of henle
peritubular cappillaries
glomerular capsle
bowmans capsule
visceral epithelium has special cells called podocytes surround fenestrated capillaries. podocytes have little processes called pedicles and the spaces between the pedicles are filtration slits.
testis micro
looks like organized buttholes, no fuzzy cilia, no cell wall different from ovaries because a lot of follicles maturing at once. changing cell types due to development
epididymis micro
has wreath looking circle and fuzzy due to cilia. layers looks more organized. dots inside are sperm
Seminiferous tubule micro
won’t see cilia and has thicker cell wall
ovaries micro
look like testes not a lot of maturing follicles. circular making deveoping follicle. ovary looks like starry night painting
uterine lining micro
can see parts of blood vessels in stratum functionalis
male duct parts
- ductus epididymis
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct
scrotum parts
divided into 2 sacs by vertical septum
muscle fibers:
1. dartos muscle right under skin
2. cremaster muscle, continuation from internal oblique
pampiniform plexus
network of bloodvessels that help cool the testes
testes tunics.parts
- tunica vaginalis: outer
- tunica albuginia: deep creates septums/lobules in the teste
- seminiferous tubes: 1-3 in each lobule male germ cells grow here and enter lumen to become sperm
epididymis
on the posterior of testes, comma shapped contains tightly coiled tubing only 1 ductus epididymus
ductus diferens location
testes loops up into abdominal cavity and into posterior of prostate. ends at the ampulla of ductus deferense/vas deferens and then it is the ejaculatory duct
ejaculatory duct location
connects to vas deferense then through the prostate connects to the urethra
urethra parts
1.prostatic urethra: through the prostate
2. membranous urethra: out the abdomen through the urogenital diaphram
3. spongy urethra last part inside the penis
spermatic cord
contains vas deferens, testicular arteries/veins/nerves going to the testes
sperm parts
flagellum
middle piece: lots of mitochondria
head: contains haploid nucleas
acrisome: cap on the head
male acessory glands
- Cowpers/bulbourethral under the prostate on both sides
- seminal vesicles: 2 small saclike near base of bladder
- prostate
penis parts
internal root
external visible shaft
glans penis is the tip and slightly enlarged
inside the penis:
corpus spngiosum: the smaller one with the urethra
corpora cavernosa: 2 larger
Ovarian ligaments
- broadligament: sheet of tissue on either side
- ovarian ligaments on medial pole of overy
- suspensory ligaments opposite end of ovary to the pelvic walls. ovarian arteries/nerves/veins follow this pathway
ovaries parts
cortex
medulla
antrum
space created by follicular fluid in the ovaria follicle makes it get bigger
mature female follicle
graafian/tertiary follicle
2ndary oocyte
an oocyte that has been released from the follicle
secondary oocyte parts
zona pellucida: glycoprotien layer around cell membrane
corona radiata: cells hanging on to the zona pellucida
corpus luteum
yellow body follicle ejected ovary
corpus albicans
white body. what corpus luteum becomes after 2 weeks
primary oocytes
diploid. before puberty
secondary oocytes
haploid. starts during menstration, stays secondary oocyte until sperm and egg fuse toecome a zygote and diploid agian
fallopian tube parts
- infundibulum: open to ovary and peritoneal cavity
- fimbriae: finger like projections on infundibulum
- main pat of tube called the ampulla of the uterine tube
- isthmus of the uterine tube is the narrow part closest to the uterus
fallopian tube micro
ciliated columnar epithium and has secrtory nonciliated peg cells with microvilli
uterus parts
- fundus
- body
- cervix
- internal os connects body to cervix
- external os connects cervix to vagina
Uterine tunics
- perimetrium: serous membrane
- myometrium: thick layer of muscle. thickest at fundus, thinnest at cervix has inner long/mid circ/outer long muscle layers
- endometrium: innermost layer 2 parts
a. stratum functionalis
b. stratum basalis
external genitalia
- labia majora has hair and fat inside
- vestibule between labias:
- labia minora: medial smaller folds of skin no pubic hair
- clitoris, small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue
mammary gland parts
15-20 lobes
lobules: smaller compartments of lobes
lobules have alveolar glands that secrete milk
