female repro

Question 1

ovary parts

Answer 1

1. cortex: has eggs
2. medulla: some loose CT w/ lymph/blood/nerves

Question 2

ovulation

Answer 2

when graafian/tertiary follicle swells, ovary wall gets thinner and egg breaks through the wall.
Oocyte has a zona pellucida: layer of glycoproteins around cell membrane
and corona radiata: cells surrounding the zona pellucida

Question 3

corpus luteum

Answer 3

follicle still in ovary after oocyte leaves. means yellow body.
If egg is fertilized it secretes progesterone and estrogen. no corpus luteum no pregnancy
estrogen is secreted for 12 weeks, after that uterus and placenta take over estrogen

not fertilized: lasts about 2 weeks and then degenerates into corpus albicans

Question 4

corpus albicans

Answer 4

“white body” degenerated corpus luteum

Question 5

atresia

Answer 5

oocyte degeneration

Question 6

oocyte processing before birth and through life

Answer 6

1. 7million before born->atresia
2. 2million left after birth. they begin meiosis and stop at prophase 1 and are primary oocytes
3. puberty only 200k primary oocytes remain. each month before ovulation one will complete meiosis but 1 is haploid secondary oocyte the other is a polar body(bag of chromosomes)
4. seoncary oocyte in mature follicle will begin meiosis 2 and stop at metaphase 2 until ovulation and fertilization. must be fertilized 24hrs after ovulation
5. stays secondary oocyte until sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote. then it completes meiosis 2 to form an ovum

Question 7

cervix os

Answer 7

interal os connects body to cervix
external connects cervix to vagina

Question 8

cervix

Answer 8

fibrous CT
coordinated contactions of muscles in response to oxytocin

Question 9

stratum functionalis

Answer 9

layer of endometrium closest to uterine cavity and is shed during menstruation.

Question 10

vagina tunic characteristics

Answer 10

1. mucosa is non keritinized stratified squamous
2. muscularis layer. stores glycogen and secretes sugar to feed bacteria lactobacilli. lactobacilli ferments sugars into lactic acid making pH acidic at 4.5 to inhibit growth and disease. if lactobacilli die a yeast infection usually occurs
3. adventitia

Question 11

mammary glands

Answer 11

1. 15-20 lobes seperated by adipose tissue into lobules
2. lobules: have clusters of alveolar glands that secrete milk
   into mammary ducts->lactiferous sinus->lactiferous duct->nipple
3. lactiferous sinus is behind the nipple and areola
4. areola is red because blood vessels close to the surface. has areolar glands that secrete sebaceous fluid to keep nipple from cracking during nursing
5. coopers/suspensory ligaments support breast. tends to break down more after menopause->saggy

Question 12

menstral cycle

Answer 12

flow of blood usually 50-150mL blood, mucus, epithelial cells
1. triggered by decline of estrogen
2. low estrogen and progesterone triggers release of prostaglandins
3. prostaglandins cause spiral arterioles to constrict and cut off blood flow to stratum functionalis
4. stratum functionalis die and forms menstral flow

Question 13

ovulatory phase

Answer 13

1. kind of triggered by rise in estrogen which causes
2. rise in GnRH which causes
3. rise in FSH and LH
   The rise in LH is what actually triggers ovulation

Question 14

post ovulatory phase

Answer 14

ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum secretes proesterone/estrogen/relaxin/inhibin
1. not fertilized: corpus luteum degenerates after 2 weeks and becomes corpus albicans
2. fertilized: corpus luteum will persist and keep secreting hormones to maintain uterus and pregnancy.