Blood Flashcards
What whole blood consists of
Plasma (fluid portion of blood) and formed elements (cellular part of the blood): Erythrocytes (RBC)+leukocytes (WBC)+platelets
Plasma consists of
water, proteins, other solutes such as nutrients and ions
% of blood is plasma
55%
% of blood is formed elements
45%
WBC/leukocytes 2 subclasses are
granulocytes and agranulocytes
Granulocytes
WBC that have cytoplasmic granules that are visible when stained
Different granulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
different agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
WBC Most->least
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
neutrophil recognition
multilobed nuclei, most numerous WBC, also called polymorphonucleocytes
Eosinophils recognition
tend to have Bilobed nuclei: reacts to eosin(red dye)
Basophils recognition
Granules appear dark blue-purple, difficult to find due to being least numerous WBC. interacts strongly with hematoxylin (basic dye dark purple stain)
Lymphocyte recognition
Smaller than granulocytes and have a large spherical nuclei. second most common WBC
Monocyte recognition
largest WBC have U shaped nuclei. 3rd most numerous
Platelets
Small cellular fragments with no nuclei and missing most organelles. used for blood clotting
blood clotting is due to
platelets
Blood typing is done by
checking the blood for the presence or absence of specific antigens/glycoproteins on the cell surface
Most common blood types
O+, A+,B+
What antigens does O blood have
None, it has neither A or B
How are antigens determined to be on a erythrocyte
by combining them with an antiserum solution that will clot/agglutination. Antibodies in the serum cause antigens on erythrocytes to agglutination
Blood with RH antigen is considered
positive
blood without RH antigen is considered
negative
Hemolysis
When recipients antibodies agglutinate foreign erythrocytes and the immune system destroys them. wrong blood given to a recipient causes hemolysis when the recipients immune system recognizes it as foreign.
O+ can donate to
Any + blood type
O+ can receive from
O+-
O- can donate to
Any blood type
O- can only receive from
O-
AB+ can donate to
AB+
AB+ can receive from
Any blood type, universal receiver
AB- can donate to
AB+-
AB- can receive from
any negative blood type
B+ can receive
B+- and O+-
B+ can give to
AB+, B+
B- can receive
B-, O-
B- can donate to
B+-, AB+-
A+ can donate to
AB+, A+
A+ can receive
A+-, O+-
what antigen cannot be found on the surface of an erythrocyte(RBC)
O antigen
Which blood type is a universal recipient
AB+
Which blood type is a universal donor
O-
Negative blood types can give to the same
+ blood types
which blood type can take any negative blood types
AB-
What blood type can give to both A and B
AB
type O+ can give to
any +
Why is the O- the universal donor
it has no antigens and will not trigger an immune response
Why is AB+ the universal recipient
has all 3 antigens and no antibodies to the antigens
