Lab Practical Flashcards
Lab 6-11
Action and attachment of the orbicularis oculi.
-Blinking, aids flow of tears.
-Lacrimal bone, frontal bone, and maxilla.
Action and attachment of the occipitofrontalis.
-Elevates eyebrows, and wrinkles forehead.
-Galea aponeurotica
Action and attachment of the corrugator supercilii.
-Draws eyebrows medially and downward.
-Medial end of supraorbital margin.
Action and attachment of the nasalis.
-Widens nostrils.
-Maxilla.
Action and attachment of the levator labii superioris.
-Elevates and everts upper lip.
-Zygomatic bone, maxilla.
Action and attachment of the levator anguli oris.
-Smiling
-Maxilla, just below supraorbital foramen.
Action and attachment of the zygomaticus major.
-Draws angle of mouth upward and laterally.
-Zygomatic bone.
Action and attachment of the zygomaticus minor.
-Elevates upper lip and exposes upper teeth.
-Zygomatic bone.
Action and attachment of the risorious.
-Draws angle of mouth laterally.
-Zygomatic arch.
Action and attachment of the depressor anguli oris.
-Draws angle of mouth laterally and downward.
-Inferior margin of mandibular body.
Action and attachment of the buccinator.
-Compresses cheek.
-Alveolar process of mandible and maxilla.
Action and attachment of the mentalis.
-Elevates and protrudes lower lip.
-Mandible near inferior incisors.
Action and attachment of the platysma.
-Draws lower lip and angle of mouth downward.
-Mandible.
Action and attachment of the sternocleidomastoid.
-Lifts head slightly upward and from left to right.
-Manubrium, clavicle, and mastoid process.
Action and attachment of the digastric muscle.
-Depresses madible when hyoid is fixed, opens mouth widely.
-Posterior and anterior belly.
Action and attachment of sternohyoid.
-Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated.
-Ansa cervicalis.
Action and attachment of the thyrohyoid.
-Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx.
-Hyoid.
Action and attachment of the sternothyroid.
-Depresses larynx.
-Manubrium and costal cartilage.
Action and attachment of the diaphragm.
-Prime mover of the inspiration.
-Xiphoid process, ribs, and costal cartilage.
Action and attachment of the external intercostals.
-Elevate and protract ribs 2-12.
-Inferior margin of ribs 1-11.
Action and attachment of the internal intercostals.
-Elevating and expanding ribs.
-Superior margins of ribs 2-12
Action and attachment of the external oblique.
-Supports abdominal viscera, stabilizes vertebral column.
-Ribs 5-11, anterior half of iliac crest.
Action and attachment of the internal oblique.
-Same as external oblique.
-Iliac crest, and ribs 10-12.
Action and attachment of the transverse abdominal.
-Compresses abdominal contents.
-Iliac crest, costal cartilages 7-12.
Action and attachment of the rectus abdominis.
-Flexes waist.
-Pubic symphysis, xiphoid process.
Action and attachment of the serratus anterior.
-Draws scapula laterally and forward w/ pectoralis major. Forward-reaching and pushing actions.
-All ribs and medial border of scapula.
Action and attachment of the trapezius.
-Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements; elevates and depresses apex of shoulder.
-Base of skull, spine, and scapula.
Action and attachment of the deltoid muscle.
-Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct arm; posterior fibers extend and move arm laterally.
-Scapular spine and clavicle.
Action and attachment of the teres major.
-Extends and medially rotates humerus; contributes to arm swinging.
-Intertubercular groove of humerus.
Action and attachment of latissmus dorsi.
-Adducts and medially rotates humerus; extends shoulder joint; backswing of arm.
-T7-L5, lower 3-4 ribs, and iliac crest.
Action and attachment of pectoralis major.
-Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; deep inspiration.
-Medial half of clavicle; costal cartilage 1-7.
Action and attachment of supraspinatus.
-Aids deltoid in abduction of arm; resists downward slippage of humeral head.
-Supraspinous fossa, and greater tubercle of humerus.
Action and attachment of infrapsinatus.
-Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward; rotates humerus laterally.
-Infraspinous fossa, and greater tubercle.
Action and attachment of teres minor.
-Same as infraspinatus.
-Same as infraspinatus.
Action and attachment of the subscapularis.
-Same as infraspinatus, and rotates humerus medially.
-Subscapular fossa, and lesser tubercle.
Action and attachment of the brachialis.
-Prime mover of elbow flexion.
-Anterior surface of distal end of humerus, and coronoid process.
Action and attachment of biceps brachii.
-Supination of forearm.
-Long head attaches to glenoid cavity; short head attaches to coracoid process and radial tuberosity.
Action and attachment of triceps brachii.
-Extends elbow; long head extends and adducts humerus.
-Glenoid cavity, proximal end of humerus, and olecranon.
Action and attachment of brachioradialis.
-Flexes elbow.
-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, near styloid process of radius.
Action and attachment of pronator quadratus.
-Forearm protonation.
-Anterior surface of distal ulna and radius.
Action and attachment of pronator teres.
-Assists in protonation.
-Humeral shaft near medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna.
Action and attachment of the supinator muscle.
-Supinates forearm.
-Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest, and fossa of ulna.
Action and attachment of the flexor carpi radialis.
-Flexes wrist anteriorly, aids in radial flexion of wrist.
-Medial condyle of humerus, and base of metacarpals 2-3.
Action and attachement of the flexor carpi ulnaris.
-Flexes wrist anteriorly; aid in ulnar flexion of the wrist.
-Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon.
Action and attchment of palmaris longus.
-Anchors shin and fascia of palmar region.
-Medial epicondyle, flexor retinaculum.
Action and attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis.
-Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
-Medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and superior half of radius.
Action and attachment of flexor digitorum profundis.
-Same as flexor digitorum superficialis.
-Proximal 3/4 of ulna, and coronoid process.
Action and attachment of flexor pollicis longus.
-Flexes phalanges of thumb.
-Radius and distal phalanx 1.
Action and attachment of extensor carpi radialis longus.
-Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist.
-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.
Action and attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis.
-Same as extensor carpi radialis longus.
-Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Action and attachment of extensor digitorum.
-Extends wrist and finger joints, spread digits apart.
-Lateral epicondyle.
Action and attachment of extensor digiti minimi.
-Extends wrist and all joints of little finger.
-Lateral epicondyle.
Action and attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris.
-Extends and fixes wrist when fist is clenched.
-Lateral epicondyle.
Action and attachment of abductor pollicis longus.
-Abducts thumb in frontal plane.
-Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna.
Action and attachment of extensor pollicis brevis.
-Extends metacarpal 1 and proximal phalanx of thumb.
-Shaft of radius.
Action and attachment of extensor pollicis longus.
-Extends distal phalanx 1; adducts and laterally extends thumb.
-Posterior surface of ulna.
Action and attachment of extensor indicis.
-Extends wrist and index finger.
-Posterior surface of ulna.
Action and attachment of adductor pollicis.
-Draws thumb toward palm; gripping tools.
-Capitate, and anterior ligaments of the wrist.
Action and attachment of abductor pollicis brevis.
-Abducts thumb in sagittal plane.
-Flexor retinaculum; scapula; scaphoid, and trapezium.
Action and attachment of flexor pollicis brevis.
-Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb.
-Tapezium, trapezoid, and capitate.
Action and attachment of opponens pollicis.
-Flexes metacarpal 1 to oppose thumb to fingertips.
-Trapezium, and flexor retinaculum.
Action and attachment of abductor digiti minimi.
-Abducts little finger; spreads fingers.
-Pisiform.
Action and attachment of flexor digiti mini brevis.
-Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint.
-Hamulus of hamate, and flexor retinaculum.
Action and attachment of opponens digiti minimi.
-Flexes metacarpal V at carpometacarpal joint.
-Hamulus of hamate, and flexor retinaculum.
Action and attachment of the gluteus maximus.
-Extends thigh at the hip, abducts thigh, and elevates trunk after stooping.
-Iliac crest, and lateral condyle of tibia.
Action and attachment of the gluteus medius.
-Abduct and medially rotate thigh, and walking.
-Posterior gluteal line of ilium, coccyx, and gluteal tuberosity.
Action and attachment of the gluteus minimus.
-Abduct the hip, and medially rotates the thigh.
-Ilium and femur.
Action and attachment of adductor brevis.
-Adducts thigh.
-Body and inferior ramus of pubis, and linea aspera of femur.
Action and attachment of adductor longus.
-Adducts and medially rotates thigh, flexes thigh at hip.
-Body and inferior ramus of pubis, and linea aspera of femur.
Action and attachment of adductor magnus.
-Same as adductor longus.
-Same as adductor longus.
Action and attachment of gracilis.
-Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee.
-Same as adductor longus and ramus of ischium.
Action and attachment of pectineus.
-Flexes and adducts thigh.
-Superior ramus of pubis, and spiral line of femur.
Action and attachment of piriformis.
-Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh.
-Anterior surface of sacrum, and gluteal surface of ilium.
Action and attachment of sartorius.
-Aids in knee flexion; abducts and laterally rotates thigh.
-Anterior superior spine of ilium; proximal end of tibia.
Action and attachment of quadriceps femoris.
-Extends the knee.
-Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia.
Action and attachment of rectus femoris.
-Extends knee; flexes thigh at hip; flexes trunk on hip if thigh is fixed.
-Ilium and acetabulum.
Action and attachment of vastus lateralis.
-Extends knee; retains patella in groove of femur during knee movements.
-Greater trochanter of femur, and gluteal tuberosity.
Action and attachment of vastus medialis.
-Same as vastus lateralis.
-Same as vastus lateralis.
Action and attachment of vastus intermedius.
-Extends knee.
-Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft.
Action and attachment of biceps femoris.
-Flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk.
-Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and head of fibula.
Action and attachment of semitendinosus.
-Flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur.
-Ischial tuberosity; medial surface of upper tibia.
Action and attachment of semimembranosus.
-Same as semitendinosus.
-Same as semitendinosus.
Action and attachment of tibialis anterior.
-Dorsiflexes and inverts foot, resists backward tipping of body.
-Lateral condyle, and proximal end of tibia.
Action and attachment of extensor digitorum longus.
-Extends toes and dorsiflexion.
-Lateral condyle of tibia, and shaft of fibula.
Action and attachment of extensor hallucis longus.
-Extends great toe.
-Anterior surface of middle of fibula.
Action and attachment of fibularis (peroneus) longus.
-Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tipteoing.
-Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula.
Action and attachment of fibularis (peroneus) brevis.
-Same as fibularis (peroneus) longus.
-Lateral surface of distal 2/3 of fibula.
Action and attachment of gastrocnemius.
-Plantar flexes foot; flexes knee; active in walking, running, and jumping.
-Condyles, popliteal surface, and calcaneus.
Action and attachment of soleus.
-Plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on ankle during standing.
-Posterior surface of fibula, tibia, and calcaneus.
Action and attachment of flexor hallucis longus.
-Flexes phalangeal joint of hallux
-Distal 2/3 of fibula and hallux.
Action and attachment of flexor digitorum longus.
-Flexes phalanges of digits 2-5.
-Posterior surface of tibial shaft.
Action and attachment of tibialis posterior.
-Inverts foot.
-Tibia, fibula, and navicular.
Baseball finger
Tears in the extensor tendons of the fingers.
Blocker’s arm
Abnormal calcification in the lateral margin of the forearm.
Charley horse
Any painful tear, stiffness, and blood clotting in a muscle quadriceps femoris; often caused by football tackles.
Pitcher’s arm
Inflammation at the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi muscles.
Pulled groin
Strain in the adductor muscles of the thigh; splits and high kicks are often the cause.
Pulled hamstrings
Strained hamstring muscles or a partial tear in their tendons.
Tennis elbow
Inflammation at the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi muscles on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Muscles acting on the shoulder:
Serratus anterior, and trapezius.
Rotator cuff muscles:
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
Scapular muscles:
Deltoid, and teres major.
Muscles acting on elbow and forearm:
Brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and supinator.
Antebrachial region:
Brachioradialis, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and supinator.
Thenar group:
Adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis.
Hypothenar group:
Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi.
Anterior/Flexor compartment, superficial layer (hand):
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.
Anterior/Flexor compartment, intermediate layer (hand):
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
Anterior/Flexor compartment, deep layer (hand):
Flexor digitorum profundis, and flexor pollicis longus.
Posterior/Extensor compartment, superficial layer (hand):
Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
Posterior/Extensor compartment, deep layer (hand):
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis.
Muscles acting on the hip, posterior side:
Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus.
Muscles acting on thigh, medial/adductor:
Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.
Lateral rotator:
Piriformis
Muscles acting on knee and leg, anterior/extensor compartment of thigh:
Sartorius, and quadriceps femurs.
(4 heads: rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis)
Posterior/Flexor compartment of thigh:
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
Muscles acting on ankle and foot, anterior/extensor compartment of leg:
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus.
Posterior/Flexor compartment of leg, superficial group:
Gastrocnemius and soleus.
Posterior/Flexor compartment of leg, deep group:
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis anterior.
Lateral/Fibular compartment of leg:
Fibularis brevis and fibularis longus.
Ligament:
Attaches bone to bone
Coracohumeral ligament:
Coracoid process (scapula) to greater tubercle (humerus).
Transverse humeral ligament:
Greater to lesser tubercle (humerus).
Acromioclavicular ligament:
Acromion (scapula) to acromial end (clavicle).
Coracoacromial ligament:
Lateral border of coracoid process (scapula) to apex of the acromion scapula.
Coracoclavicular ligament:
Coracoid process (scapula) to conoid tubercle (clavicle).
Radial collateral ligament:
Lateral epicondyle (humerus) to ulna.
Anular ligament:
Anterior to posterior medial notch (ulna).
Ulnar collateral ligament:
Medial epicondyle (humerus) to coronoid process (ulna).
Pubofemoral ligament:
Pubis (os coxae) to head (femur).
Iliofemoral ligament:
Ilium to femur.
Ishiofemoral ligament:
Ishcium to femur.
Round ligament:
Fovea capitis (femur) to acetabulum (os coxae).
Anterior cruciate ligament:
Lateral condyle (femur) to medial eminence (tibia).
Posterior cruciate ligament:
Medial condyle (femur) to tibia.
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament:
Lateral epicondyle (femur) to lateral aspect of the head (fibula).
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament:
Medial condyle (femur) to medial condyle (tibia).
Patellar ligament:
Patella to tibial tuberosity.
Calcaneal tendon ligament:
Posterior of calcaneus.
Posterior tibiofibular ligament:
Lateral malleoulus (fibula) to tibia.
Anterior talofibular ligament:
Talus to fibula.
Medial ligament:
Medial malleoulus to tibia to navicular to calcaneus to talus.
Osteoarthritis:
Most common form; from wear and tear. Joint movement may be accompanied by crackling sounds known as crepitus.
Rheumatoid arthritis:
More severe than osteoarthritis; results from an autoimmune response that attacks the joints.
Ankylosis:
Joints ossify and fuse causing immoblization.
Unhappy triad:
Lateral blows to the knee with the foot fixed in a planted position can cause: tears in the 1. tibial (medial) collateral ligament, 2. medial meniscus, and 3. anterior cruciate ligament.
