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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Lab Practical > Flashcards

Lab Practical Flashcards

Lab 6-11

1
Q

Action and attachment of the orbicularis oculi.

A

-Blinking, aids flow of tears.
-Lacrimal bone, frontal bone, and maxilla.

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1
Q

Action and attachment of the occipitofrontalis.

A

-Elevates eyebrows, and wrinkles forehead.
-Galea aponeurotica

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2
Q

Action and attachment of the corrugator supercilii.

A

-Draws eyebrows medially and downward.
-Medial end of supraorbital margin.

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3
Q

Action and attachment of the nasalis.

A

-Widens nostrils.
-Maxilla.

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4
Q

Action and attachment of the levator labii superioris.

A

-Elevates and everts upper lip.
-Zygomatic bone, maxilla.

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5
Q

Action and attachment of the levator anguli oris.

A

-Smiling
-Maxilla, just below supraorbital foramen.

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6
Q

Action and attachment of the zygomaticus major.

A

-Draws angle of mouth upward and laterally.
-Zygomatic bone.

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7
Q

Action and attachment of the zygomaticus minor.

A

-Elevates upper lip and exposes upper teeth.
-Zygomatic bone.

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8
Q

Action and attachment of the risorious.

A

-Draws angle of mouth laterally.
-Zygomatic arch.

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9
Q

Action and attachment of the depressor anguli oris.

A

-Draws angle of mouth laterally and downward.
-Inferior margin of mandibular body.

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10
Q

Action and attachment of the buccinator.

A

-Compresses cheek.
-Alveolar process of mandible and maxilla.

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11
Q

Action and attachment of the mentalis.

A

-Elevates and protrudes lower lip.
-Mandible near inferior incisors.

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12
Q

Action and attachment of the platysma.

A

-Draws lower lip and angle of mouth downward.
-Mandible.

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13
Q

Action and attachment of the sternocleidomastoid.

A

-Lifts head slightly upward and from left to right.
-Manubrium, clavicle, and mastoid process.

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14
Q

Action and attachment of the digastric muscle.

A

-Depresses madible when hyoid is fixed, opens mouth widely.
-Posterior and anterior belly.

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15
Q

Action and attachment of sternohyoid.

A

-Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated.
-Ansa cervicalis.

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16
Q

Action and attachment of the thyrohyoid.

A

-Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx.
-Hyoid.

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17
Q

Action and attachment of the sternothyroid.

A

-Depresses larynx.
-Manubrium and costal cartilage.

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18
Q

Action and attachment of the diaphragm.

A

-Prime mover of the inspiration.
-Xiphoid process, ribs, and costal cartilage.

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19
Q

Action and attachment of the external intercostals.

A

-Elevate and protract ribs 2-12.
-Inferior margin of ribs 1-11.

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20
Q

Action and attachment of the internal intercostals.

A

-Elevating and expanding ribs.
-Superior margins of ribs 2-12

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21
Q

Action and attachment of the external oblique.

A

-Supports abdominal viscera, stabilizes vertebral column.
-Ribs 5-11, anterior half of iliac crest.

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22
Q

Action and attachment of the internal oblique.

A

-Same as external oblique.
-Iliac crest, and ribs 10-12.

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23
Q

Action and attachment of the transverse abdominal.

A

-Compresses abdominal contents.
-Iliac crest, costal cartilages 7-12.

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24
Q

Action and attachment of the rectus abdominis.

A

-Flexes waist.
-Pubic symphysis, xiphoid process.

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25
Q

Action and attachment of the serratus anterior.

A

-Draws scapula laterally and forward w/ pectoralis major. Forward-reaching and pushing actions.
-All ribs and medial border of scapula.

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26
Q

Action and attachment of the trapezius.

A

-Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements; elevates and depresses apex of shoulder.
-Base of skull, spine, and scapula.

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27
Q

Action and attachment of the deltoid muscle.

A

-Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct arm; posterior fibers extend and move arm laterally.
-Scapular spine and clavicle.

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28
Q

Action and attachment of the teres major.

A

-Extends and medially rotates humerus; contributes to arm swinging.
-Intertubercular groove of humerus.

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29
Q

Action and attachment of latissmus dorsi.

A

-Adducts and medially rotates humerus; extends shoulder joint; backswing of arm.
-T7-L5, lower 3-4 ribs, and iliac crest.

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30
Q

Action and attachment of pectoralis major.

A

-Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; deep inspiration.
-Medial half of clavicle; costal cartilage 1-7.

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31
Q

Action and attachment of supraspinatus.

A

-Aids deltoid in abduction of arm; resists downward slippage of humeral head.
-Supraspinous fossa, and greater tubercle of humerus.

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32
Q

Action and attachment of infrapsinatus.

A

-Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward; rotates humerus laterally.
-Infraspinous fossa, and greater tubercle.

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33
Q

Action and attachment of teres minor.

A

-Same as infraspinatus.
-Same as infraspinatus.

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34
Q

Action and attachment of the subscapularis.

A

-Same as infraspinatus, and rotates humerus medially.
-Subscapular fossa, and lesser tubercle.

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35
Q

Action and attachment of the brachialis.

A

-Prime mover of elbow flexion.
-Anterior surface of distal end of humerus, and coronoid process.

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36
Q

Action and attachment of biceps brachii.

A

-Supination of forearm.
-Long head attaches to glenoid cavity; short head attaches to coracoid process and radial tuberosity.

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37
Q

Action and attachment of triceps brachii.

A

-Extends elbow; long head extends and adducts humerus.
-Glenoid cavity, proximal end of humerus, and olecranon.

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38
Q

Action and attachment of brachioradialis.

A

-Flexes elbow.
-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, near styloid process of radius.

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39
Q

Action and attachment of pronator quadratus.

A

-Forearm protonation.
-Anterior surface of distal ulna and radius.

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40
Q

Action and attachment of pronator teres.

A

-Assists in protonation.
-Humeral shaft near medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna.

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41
Q

Action and attachment of the supinator muscle.

A

-Supinates forearm.
-Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest, and fossa of ulna.

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42
Q

Action and attachment of the flexor carpi radialis.

A

-Flexes wrist anteriorly, aids in radial flexion of wrist.
-Medial condyle of humerus, and base of metacarpals 2-3.

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43
Q

Action and attachement of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

A

-Flexes wrist anteriorly; aid in ulnar flexion of the wrist.
-Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon.

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44
Q

Action and attchment of palmaris longus.

A

-Anchors shin and fascia of palmar region.
-Medial epicondyle, flexor retinaculum.

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45
Q

Action and attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis.

A

-Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
-Medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and superior half of radius.

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46
Q

Action and attachment of flexor digitorum profundis.

A

-Same as flexor digitorum superficialis.
-Proximal 3/4 of ulna, and coronoid process.

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47
Q

Action and attachment of flexor pollicis longus.

A

-Flexes phalanges of thumb.
-Radius and distal phalanx 1.

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48
Q

Action and attachment of extensor carpi radialis longus.

A

-Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist.
-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.

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49
Q

Action and attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis.

A

-Same as extensor carpi radialis longus.
-Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

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50
Q

Action and attachment of extensor digitorum.

A

-Extends wrist and finger joints, spread digits apart.
-Lateral epicondyle.

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51
Q

Action and attachment of extensor digiti minimi.

A

-Extends wrist and all joints of little finger.
-Lateral epicondyle.

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52
Q

Action and attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris.

A

-Extends and fixes wrist when fist is clenched.
-Lateral epicondyle.

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53
Q

Action and attachment of abductor pollicis longus.

A

-Abducts thumb in frontal plane.
-Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna.

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54
Q

Action and attachment of extensor pollicis brevis.

A

-Extends metacarpal 1 and proximal phalanx of thumb.
-Shaft of radius.

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55
Q

Action and attachment of extensor pollicis longus.

A

-Extends distal phalanx 1; adducts and laterally extends thumb.
-Posterior surface of ulna.

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56
Q

Action and attachment of extensor indicis.

A

-Extends wrist and index finger.
-Posterior surface of ulna.

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57
Q

Action and attachment of adductor pollicis.

A

-Draws thumb toward palm; gripping tools.
-Capitate, and anterior ligaments of the wrist.

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58
Q

Action and attachment of abductor pollicis brevis.

A

-Abducts thumb in sagittal plane.
-Flexor retinaculum; scapula; scaphoid, and trapezium.

59
Q

Action and attachment of flexor pollicis brevis.

A

-Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb.
-Tapezium, trapezoid, and capitate.

60
Q

Action and attachment of opponens pollicis.

A

-Flexes metacarpal 1 to oppose thumb to fingertips.
-Trapezium, and flexor retinaculum.

61
Q

Action and attachment of abductor digiti minimi.

A

-Abducts little finger; spreads fingers.
-Pisiform.

62
Q

Action and attachment of flexor digiti mini brevis.

A

-Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint.
-Hamulus of hamate, and flexor retinaculum.

63
Q

Action and attachment of opponens digiti minimi.

A

-Flexes metacarpal V at carpometacarpal joint.
-Hamulus of hamate, and flexor retinaculum.

64
Q

Action and attachment of the gluteus maximus.

A

-Extends thigh at the hip, abducts thigh, and elevates trunk after stooping.
-Iliac crest, and lateral condyle of tibia.

65
Q

Action and attachment of the gluteus medius.

A

-Abduct and medially rotate thigh, and walking.
-Posterior gluteal line of ilium, coccyx, and gluteal tuberosity.

66
Q

Action and attachment of the gluteus minimus.

A

-Abduct the hip, and medially rotates the thigh.
-Ilium and femur.

67
Q

Action and attachment of adductor brevis.

A

-Adducts thigh.
-Body and inferior ramus of pubis, and linea aspera of femur.

68
Q

Action and attachment of adductor longus.

A

-Adducts and medially rotates thigh, flexes thigh at hip.
-Body and inferior ramus of pubis, and linea aspera of femur.

69
Q

Action and attachment of adductor magnus.

A

-Same as adductor longus.
-Same as adductor longus.

70
Q

Action and attachment of gracilis.

A

-Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee.
-Same as adductor longus and ramus of ischium.

71
Q

Action and attachment of pectineus.

A

-Flexes and adducts thigh.
-Superior ramus of pubis, and spiral line of femur.

72
Q

Action and attachment of piriformis.

A

-Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh.
-Anterior surface of sacrum, and gluteal surface of ilium.

73
Q

Action and attachment of sartorius.

A

-Aids in knee flexion; abducts and laterally rotates thigh.
-Anterior superior spine of ilium; proximal end of tibia.

74
Q

Action and attachment of quadriceps femoris.

A

-Extends the knee.
-Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia.

75
Q

Action and attachment of rectus femoris.

A

-Extends knee; flexes thigh at hip; flexes trunk on hip if thigh is fixed.
-Ilium and acetabulum.

76
Q

Action and attachment of vastus lateralis.

A

-Extends knee; retains patella in groove of femur during knee movements.
-Greater trochanter of femur, and gluteal tuberosity.

77
Q

Action and attachment of vastus medialis.

A

-Same as vastus lateralis.
-Same as vastus lateralis.

78
Q

Action and attachment of vastus intermedius.

A

-Extends knee.
-Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft.

79
Q

Action and attachment of biceps femoris.

A

-Flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk.
-Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and head of fibula.

80
Q

Action and attachment of semitendinosus.

A

-Flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur.
-Ischial tuberosity; medial surface of upper tibia.

81
Q

Action and attachment of semimembranosus.

A

-Same as semitendinosus.
-Same as semitendinosus.

82
Q

Action and attachment of tibialis anterior.

A

-Dorsiflexes and inverts foot, resists backward tipping of body.
-Lateral condyle, and proximal end of tibia.

83
Q

Action and attachment of extensor digitorum longus.

A

-Extends toes and dorsiflexion.
-Lateral condyle of tibia, and shaft of fibula.

84
Q

Action and attachment of extensor hallucis longus.

A

-Extends great toe.
-Anterior surface of middle of fibula.

85
Q

Action and attachment of fibularis (peroneus) longus.

A

-Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tipteoing.
-Head and lateral surface of proximal 2/3 of fibula.

86
Q

Action and attachment of fibularis (peroneus) brevis.

A

-Same as fibularis (peroneus) longus.
-Lateral surface of distal 2/3 of fibula.

87
Q

Action and attachment of gastrocnemius.

A

-Plantar flexes foot; flexes knee; active in walking, running, and jumping.
-Condyles, popliteal surface, and calcaneus.

88
Q

Action and attachment of soleus.

A

-Plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on ankle during standing.
-Posterior surface of fibula, tibia, and calcaneus.

89
Q

Action and attachment of flexor hallucis longus.

A

-Flexes phalangeal joint of hallux
-Distal 2/3 of fibula and hallux.

90
Q

Action and attachment of flexor digitorum longus.

A

-Flexes phalanges of digits 2-5.
-Posterior surface of tibial shaft.

91
Q

Action and attachment of tibialis posterior.

A

-Inverts foot.
-Tibia, fibula, and navicular.

92
Q

Baseball finger

A

Tears in the extensor tendons of the fingers.

93
Q

Blocker’s arm

A

Abnormal calcification in the lateral margin of the forearm.

94
Q

Charley horse

A

Any painful tear, stiffness, and blood clotting in a muscle quadriceps femoris; often caused by football tackles.

95
Q

Pitcher’s arm

A

Inflammation at the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi muscles.

96
Q

Pulled groin

A

Strain in the adductor muscles of the thigh; splits and high kicks are often the cause.

97
Q

Pulled hamstrings

A

Strained hamstring muscles or a partial tear in their tendons.

98
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Inflammation at the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi muscles on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

99
Q

Muscles acting on the shoulder:

A

Serratus anterior, and trapezius.

100
Q

Rotator cuff muscles:

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

101
Q

Scapular muscles:

A

Deltoid, and teres major.

102
Q

Muscles acting on elbow and forearm:

A

Brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and supinator.

103
Q

Antebrachial region:

A

Brachioradialis, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and supinator.

104
Q

Thenar group:

A

Adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis.

105
Q

Hypothenar group:

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi.

106
Q

Anterior/Flexor compartment, superficial layer (hand):

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.

107
Q

Anterior/Flexor compartment, intermediate layer (hand):

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis.

108
Q

Anterior/Flexor compartment, deep layer (hand):

A

Flexor digitorum profundis, and flexor pollicis longus.

109
Q

Posterior/Extensor compartment, superficial layer (hand):

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris.

110
Q

Posterior/Extensor compartment, deep layer (hand):

A

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis.

111
Q

Muscles acting on the hip, posterior side:

A

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus.

112
Q

Muscles acting on thigh, medial/adductor:

A

Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.

113
Q

Lateral rotator:

A

Piriformis

114
Q

Muscles acting on knee and leg, anterior/extensor compartment of thigh:

A

Sartorius, and quadriceps femurs.
(4 heads: rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis)

115
Q

Posterior/Flexor compartment of thigh:

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

116
Q

Muscles acting on ankle and foot, anterior/extensor compartment of leg:

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus.

117
Q

Posterior/Flexor compartment of leg, superficial group:

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus.

118
Q

Posterior/Flexor compartment of leg, deep group:

A

Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis anterior.

119
Q

Lateral/Fibular compartment of leg:

A

Fibularis brevis and fibularis longus.

120
Q

Ligament:

A

Attaches bone to bone

121
Q

Coracohumeral ligament:

A

Coracoid process (scapula) to greater tubercle (humerus).

122
Q

Transverse humeral ligament:

A

Greater to lesser tubercle (humerus).

123
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament:

A

Acromion (scapula) to acromial end (clavicle).

124
Q

Coracoacromial ligament:

A

Lateral border of coracoid process (scapula) to apex of the acromion scapula.

125
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament:

A

Coracoid process (scapula) to conoid tubercle (clavicle).

126
Q

Radial collateral ligament:

A

Lateral epicondyle (humerus) to ulna.

127
Q

Anular ligament:

A

Anterior to posterior medial notch (ulna).

128
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament:

A

Medial epicondyle (humerus) to coronoid process (ulna).

129
Q

Pubofemoral ligament:

A

Pubis (os coxae) to head (femur).

130
Q

Iliofemoral ligament:

A

Ilium to femur.

131
Q

Ishiofemoral ligament:

A

Ishcium to femur.

132
Q

Round ligament:

A

Fovea capitis (femur) to acetabulum (os coxae).

133
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament:

A

Lateral condyle (femur) to medial eminence (tibia).

134
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament:

A

Medial condyle (femur) to tibia.

135
Q

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament:

A

Lateral epicondyle (femur) to lateral aspect of the head (fibula).

136
Q

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament:

A

Medial condyle (femur) to medial condyle (tibia).

137
Q

Patellar ligament:

A

Patella to tibial tuberosity.

138
Q

Calcaneal tendon ligament:

A

Posterior of calcaneus.

139
Q

Posterior tibiofibular ligament:

A

Lateral malleoulus (fibula) to tibia.

140
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament:

A

Talus to fibula.

141
Q

Medial ligament:

A

Medial malleoulus to tibia to navicular to calcaneus to talus.

142
Q

Osteoarthritis:

A

Most common form; from wear and tear. Joint movement may be accompanied by crackling sounds known as crepitus.

143
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis:

A

More severe than osteoarthritis; results from an autoimmune response that attacks the joints.

144
Q

Ankylosis:

A

Joints ossify and fuse causing immoblization.

145
Q

Unhappy triad:

A

Lateral blows to the knee with the foot fixed in a planted position can cause: tears in the 1. tibial (medial) collateral ligament, 2. medial meniscus, and 3. anterior cruciate ligament.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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