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Microbiology > Lab Practical > Flashcards

Lab Practical Flashcards

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1
Q

direct ELISA

A

tests antibody specificity

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2
Q

indirect ELISA

A

tests for presence of antibody in sample

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3
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay

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4
Q

primary antibody

A

binds to antigen

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5
Q

secondary antibody

A

binds to primary antibody

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6
Q

what causes a color change in ELISA

A

when antigen, primary antibody, and secondary antibody are all bound

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7
Q

HIV test design

A

looks for presence of anti-HIV antibodies in a patients serum

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8
Q

HIV positive

A
  • color change
  • anti-HIV antibodies from patient complex with HIV antigens on test
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9
Q

HIV negative

A
  • no color change
  • no antibodies present in serum to bind to antigens
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10
Q

pregnancy test design

A

detect the presence of hCG

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11
Q

pregnancy test test site

A
  • coated with anti-hCG antibodies
  • bind to hCG (antigen)
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12
Q

pregnancy test control site

A
  • coated with unlabeled antibodies
  • unspecifically binds
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13
Q

blood typing design

A

identifies red blood cell antigens to determine blood type

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14
Q

what causes agglutination in blood typing

A

RBC surface antigen binds to antibody (anti-antigen)
ex. B surface antigen binds to anti-B antibody

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15
Q

blood type A agglutination

A

mixed with anti-A

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16
Q

blood type B aggnualtion

A

mixed with anti-B

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17
Q

blood type AB agglutination

A

mixed with anti-A and anti-B

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18
Q

blood type O agglutination

A

NONE

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19
Q

titer

A
  • determines the greatest dilution in which an antibody recognizes an antigen
  • last tube to give agglutination
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20
Q

selective media

A

selects for growth of a particular type/species of bacteria and restricts other bacteria

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21
Q

differential media

A

configured to yield a particular, observable characteristic associated with the growth of certain types of bacteria

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22
Q

what shows separation of mixed colonies to pure colonies

A

when colonies are the same size but have different growth colors

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23
Q

media that has the least amount of nutrients

A
  • least amount of growth
  • M9
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24
Q

media that has the most amount of nutrients

A
  • most growth
  • brain-heart infusion
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25
Q

gram negative stain

A

pink

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26
Q

gram positive stain

A

purple

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27
Q

total magnification

A

magnification of objective lens x magnification of ocular lens

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28
Q

catalase test design

A

tests if gram-positive bacteria use the catalase enzyme during metabolism

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29
Q

catalase enzyme mechanism

A

breaks down hydrogen peroxide to gas and water

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30
Q

catalase test positive

A

colony bubbles upon addition of hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

catalase test negative

A

colony does not bubble upon addition of hydrogen peroxide

32
Q

mannitol salt plate design

A
  • selects for gram-positive bacteria that ferments mannitol
  • bacteria that ferments mannitol grows yellow
33
Q

blood agar plate design

A

tests for production of hemolysins in gram-positive bacteria

34
Q

alpha hemolysis pattern

A

partial lysis, green

35
Q

beta hemolysis pattern

A

full lysis, clearing of media

36
Q

gamma hemolysis pattern

A

no lysis, other growth

37
Q

cell bound coagulase test

A
  • tests for presence of coagulase enzyme bound to cells
  • on slide
38
Q

cell bound coagulase positive

A
  • clot formation
  • coagulase present
39
Q

cell bound coagulase negative

A
  • no clot formation
  • coagulase not present
40
Q

cell free coagulase test

A
  • detects free and unbound coagulase
  • test tube
41
Q

cell free coagulase positive

A

clot formation, coagulase present

42
Q

cell free coagulase negative

A

no clot formation, no coagulase present

43
Q

triple sugar iron slants

A
  • differential growth media
  • contains lactose, sucrose, and glucose
44
Q

TSI agar turns yellow at bottom of tube

A

bacteria only ferments glucose

45
Q

TSI slant turns completely yellow

A

bacteria ferments all carbohydrates

46
Q

black precipitate formation on TSI agar

A

bacteria can reduce sulfur

47
Q

bubble formation in TSI agar

A

bacteria can produce gas

48
Q

urease test design

A

tests the rate in which an organism can degrade urea using the urease enzyme

49
Q

urease test positve

A
  • color change to hot pink
  • fast urea degradation
  • ammonia is present in media
50
Q

urease test negative

A
  • little to no color change from yellow media
  • no/slow urea degradation
51
Q

MacConkey agar design

A

differentiates gram-negative bacteria based on ability to ferment lactose

52
Q

MacConkey agar positive

A
  • pink/purple growth
  • can ferment lactose
53
Q

MacConkey agar negative

A
  • no color change
  • cannot ferment lactose
54
Q

oxidase test design

A

tests for presence of cytochrome c oxidase enzyme

55
Q

oxidase test positive

A
  • colony color changes to purple
  • contains cytochrome c oxidase enzyme
56
Q

oxidase test negative

A
  • no colony color change
  • no enzyme
57
Q

indole test design

A
  • tests for presence of tryptophanase enzyme
  • indole byproduct of breakdown
58
Q

indole test positive

A
  • media color change to cherry red
  • indole byproduct present
  • tryptophanase enzyme present
59
Q

indole test negative

A
  • no color change
  • no indole byproduct
  • no tryptophanase enzyme
60
Q

methyl red test design

A
  • identifies glucose metabolism end-product acidity
  • acidic environment turns pH indicator red
61
Q

methyl-red test positive

A
  • red color change
  • low pH
62
Q

methyl-red test negative

A
  • yellow
  • neutral pH
63
Q

vogues-proskauer test design

A
  • tests for presence of acetoin from breakdown of glucose during 2,3-butanediol fermentation
  • acetoin turns baritts reagent a deep rose color
64
Q

vogues-proskauer positive

A

deep rose color, acetoin present

65
Q

vogues-proskauer negative

A

no color change (DARK red), acetoin not present

66
Q

citrate utilization test design

A
  • determines of citrate is used as a sole carbon source
  • CO2 byproduct reacts with ammonium and produces sodium carbonate to make color change
67
Q

citrate utilization positive

A
  • deep blue color
  • utilizes citrate
68
Q

citrate utilization negative

A
  • green color
  • does not utilize citrate
69
Q

obligate aerobe growth

A

only at top of tube

70
Q

obligate anaerobe growth

A

only at bottom of tube

71
Q

microaerophile growth

A

small growth at middle of tube

72
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe growth

A

even growth throughout tube

73
Q

facultative anaerobe growth

A

heavy growth at top, dispersed throughout rest of tube

74
Q

kirby-bauer test

A
  • filter disc paper infused with specific drug to test bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics
  • measure zone of inhibition

Microbiology (10 decks)

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